Conjunct consonants are a form oforthographic ligature characteristic of theBrahmic scripts. They are constructed of more than two consonant letters. Biconsonantal conjuncts are common, but longer conjuncts are increasingly constrained by the languages' phonologies and the actual number of conjuncts observed drops sharply. Ulrich Stiehl includes a five-letterDevanagari conjunctर्त्स्न्य (rtsny)^[1] among the top 360 most frequent conjuncts found inClassical Sanskrit;^[2] the complete list appears below. Another five-letter conjunct,ङ्क्ष्ण्व (ṅkṣṇv) is possible.^[3] Conjuncts often span a syllable boundary, and many of the conjuncts below occur only in the middle of words, where the coda consonants of one syllable are conjoined with the onset consonants of the following syllable.

The table below shows all 1296 combinations of two Sanskrit letters. The table is formed by collating the 36 consonants of Sanskrit plusळ (which is not used in Sanskrit), as listed inMasica (1991:161–162). Not all of these form conjuncts (these are represented by blank cells in the table), and the number that do will vary with the Devanagari font installed. There is variation in the conjuncts that are in use for any given language. Some of the combinations below that do not form conjuncts may not be viable combinations in any language.

The romanization (inISO 15919^[4]) and IPA of each conjunct will appear with mouseover. Conjuncts are in bold where they contradict the pattern of their row (taking letter notes into account), and are therefore irregular.

Several of the ligatures for biconsonantal conjuncts are irregular; their construction is not obvious based on how Devanagari ligatures are usually formed.^[5] InHindi, they are not especially widespread, but क्ष, त्र and ज्ञ appear frequently enough in common terms of Sanskrit origin that they are sometimes included inkeyboard layouts^[6] or appended to the alphabet in learning materials.^{[citation needed]} Four other conjuncts which occur in common words or religiously significant names are also listed here.

These are all the conjuncts in Sanskrit which have a frequency greater than or equal to 0.010%.^[2] Of the 360, the sevennotable irregulars are in green.

• Masica, Colin P. (1991).The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.ISBN 0-521-29944-6.

• Conjunct consonant
• Devanagari

• Articles containing undetermined-language text
• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• All articles with unsourced statements
• Articles with unsourced statements from July 2025