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Derek Barton

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
English chemist and Nobel Prize laureate

Derek Barton
Barton in 1954
Born
Derek Harold Richard Barton

(1918-09-08)8 September 1918
Gravesend,Kent, England
Died16 March 1998(1998-03-16) (aged 79)
Resting placeLa Grange Cemetery, Texas, U.S.
Alma materImperial College London
Known for
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsChemistry
Institutions
Doctoral advisorIan Heilbron
Doctoral students
Insignia of a Knight Bachelor

Sir Derek Harold Richard BartonFRS FRSE[1] (8 September 1918 – 16 March 1998) was an Englishorganic chemist andNobel Prize laureate for 1969.[2][3][4][5]

Education and early life

[edit]

Barton was born inGravesend, Kent, to William Thomas and Maude Henrietta Barton (née Lukes).

He attendedGravesend Grammar School (1926–29),The King's School, Rochester (1929–32),Tonbridge School (1932–35) and Medway Technical College (1937–39). In 1938 he enteredImperial College London, where he graduated in 1940 and obtained hisPhD degree inOrganic Chemistry in 1942.

Career and research

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From 1942 to 1944, Barton was a government research chemist, then from 1944 to 1945 he worked forAlbright and Wilson inBirmingham. He then became Assistant Lecturer in the Department of Chemistry of Imperial College, and from 1946 to 1949 he wasICI Research Fellow.

During 1949 and 1950, he was a visiting lecturer in natural products chemistry atHarvard University, and was then appointed reader in organic chemistry and, in 1953, professor atBirkbeck College. In 1955, he becameRegius Professor of Chemistry at theUniversity of Glasgow, and in 1957, he was appointed professor of organic chemistry atImperial College, London. In 1950, Barton showed that organic molecules could be assigned a preferredconformation based upon results accumulated by chemical physicists, in particular byOdd Hassel. Using this new technique ofconformational analysis, he later determined the geometry of many other natural product molecules.

In 1969, Barton shared theNobel Prize in Chemistry with Odd Hassel for “contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry."

In 1958, Barton was appointed Arthur D. Little Visiting Professor ofMassachusetts Institute of Technology, and in 1959 Karl Folkers Visiting Professor at theUniversities of Illinois andWisconsin. The same year, he was elected a foreign honorary member of theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences.[6]

In 1949, he was the first recipient of theCorday-Morgan Medal and Prize awarded by theRoyal Society of Chemistry. In 1954 he was elected aFellow of the Royal Society and the International Academy of Science, Munich as well as, in 1956, a Fellow of theRoyal Society of Edinburgh; in 1965 he was appointed member of theCouncil for Scientific Policy. He wasknighted in 1972, becoming formallystyled Sir Derek in Britain. In 1978, he became Director of theInstitut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN - Gif Sur-Yvette) inFrance.

In 1977, on the occasion of the centenary of the Royal Institute of Chemistry, the British Post Office honoured him, and 5 other Nobel Prize-winning British chemists, with a series of four postage stamps featuring aspects of their discoveries.[7]

He moved to the United States in 1986 (specificallyTexas) and becamedistinguished professor atTexas A&M University and held this position for 12 years until his death.

In 1996, Barton published a comprehensive volume of his works, entitledReason and Imagination: Reflections on Research in Organic Chemistry.

As well as for his work on conformation, his name is remembered in a number of reactions in organic chemistry, such as theBarton reaction, theBarton decarboxylation, and theBarton-McCombie deoxygenation.

The newly built Barton Science Centre atTonbridge School inKent, where he was educated for 4 years, completed in 2019, is named after him.

Honours and awards

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Barton was elected aFellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1954.[1]In 1966 he was elected a Member of theGerman Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.[8] He was elected to the United StatesNational Academy of Sciences in 1970 and theAmerican Philosophical Society in 1978.[9][10]

Personal life

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Sir Derek married three times: Jeanne Kate Wilkins (on 20 December 1944); Christiane Cognet (died 1992) (in 1969); and Judith Von-Leuenberger Cobb (1939-2012) (in 1993).[11] He had a son by his first marriage.[when?]

References

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  1. ^abcLey, S. V.; Myers, R. M. (2002)."Sir Derek Harold Richard Barton. 8 September 1918 – 16 March 1998".Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society.48:1–23.doi:10.1098/rsbm.2002.0001.JSTOR 3650246.
  2. ^Albert Cotton, F. (2000). "Derek H. R. Barton, 8 September 1918 · 16 March 1998".Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society.144 (3):292–296.JSTOR 1515591.
  3. ^Derek Barton on Nobelprize.orgEdit this at Wikidata
  4. ^Barton's Nobel LectureThe Principles of Conformational Analysis
  5. ^Video podcast of Barton talking about conformational analysisArchived 16 May 2006 at theWayback Machine
  6. ^"Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter B"(PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved19 May 2011.
  7. ^New Scientist 10 February 1977 p. 319
  8. ^"List of Members".www.leopoldina.org. Archived fromthe original on 8 October 2017. Retrieved8 October 2017.
  9. ^"D. H. R. Barton".www.nasonline.org. Retrieved14 July 2022.
  10. ^"APS Member History".search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved14 July 2022.
  11. ^Coley, N. G. (2004)."Barton, Sir Derek Harold Richard (1918-1998), organic chemist | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/69495. Retrieved27 January 2019. (Subscription,Wikipedia Library access orUK public library membership required.)

External links

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Wikiquote has quotations related toDerek Barton.
  • Derek Barton on Nobelprize.orgEdit this at Wikidata including the Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1969The Principles of Conformational Analysis
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