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Demographics of the United States

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Demographics of theUnited States
PopulationIncrease 342,034,432 (2025 projection)
340,110,998 (2024 official estimate)[1]
331,449,281 (2020 census)[2]
Density86.16/sq mi (33.27/km2)
Growth rateIncrease 1% (2024)[3]
Birth rateDecrease 10.7 births/1,000 population (2023)
Death ratePositive decrease 9.2 deaths/1,000 population (2023)
Life expectancyIncrease 78.4 years (2023)[4]
 • maleIncrease 75.8 years (2023)[4]
 • femaleIncrease 81.1 years (2023)[4]
Fertility rateDecrease 1.6 children born/woman (2024)[5]
Infant mortality rate5.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020)[6]
Net migration rate3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024)[7]
Age structure
Under 18 years21.5% (2024 est.)[8]
18–44 years36.0% (2023 est.)[8]
45–64 years24.6% (2023 est.)[8]
65 and over18% (2023 est.)[8]
Sex ratio
Total0.98 male(s)/female (2023 est.)[8]
At birth1.045 male(s)/female (2022)[9]
Under 151.05 male(s)/female (2023 est.)[8]
15–64 years1.01 male(s)/female (2023 est.)[8]
65 and over0.82 male(s)/female (2023 est.)[8]
Nationality
NationalityAmerican
Major ethnic
Minor ethnic
Language
OfficialEnglish
See:

English was made theofficial language of the United States byExecutive Order 14224 in 2025.[17][18] However, Congress has never passed a bill to designate English as the official language of all three federal branches.English is designated official in 32 of 50 states (and in all fiveU.S. territories).Hawaiian is official inHawaii,20 Native languages are official inAlaska, andSioux is official inSouth Dakota.[19]Samoan is an official language inAmerican Samoa,[20]Chamorro is an official language inGuam,[21] Chamorro andCarolinian are official languages in theNorthern Mariana Islands,[22] andSpanish is an official language inPuerto Rico.[23]

Spoken
Source:American Community Survey of U.S. Census Bureau[24]

TheUnited States is themost populous country in the Americas and theWestern Hemisphere, with a projected population of 342,034,432 on July 1, 2025, according to theU.S. Census Bureau.[1] With about 4% of the world's population, it is thethird most populous country. The U.S. population grew 2.6% between the 2020 federal census of 331,449,281 residents and the 2024 official annual estimate of 340,110,998.[2] These figures include the50 states and the federal capital,Washington, D.C., but exclude the 3.6 million residents of five unincorporated U.S. territories (Puerto Rico,Guam, theU.S. Virgin Islands,American Samoa, and theNorthern Mariana Islands) as well as severalminor uninhabited island possessions. The Census Bureau showed a population increase of 0.98% for the 12-month period ending in July 2024,[3] slightly below the world estimated annual growth rate of 1.03%.[25] By several metrics, including racial and ethnic background, religious affiliation, and percentage of rural and urban divide, the state ofIllinois is the most representative of the larger demography of the United States.[26]

The United States population almost quadrupled during the 20th century—at a growth rate of about 1.3% a year—from about 76 million in 1900 to 281 million in 2000.[27] It is estimated to have reached the 200 million mark in 1967, and the 300 million mark on October 17, 2006.[27][28] Foreign-born immigration caused the U.S. population to continue its rapid increase, with this population doubling from almost 20 million in 1990 to over 45 million in 2015,[29] representing one-third of the population increase.[30] The U.S. Census Bureau reported in late 2024 that recent immigration to the United States had more than offset the country's lower birth and fertility rates: "Net international migration’s influence on population trends has increased over the last few years. Since 2021, it accounted for the majority of the nation’s growth—a departure from the last two decades, when natural increase was the main factor." This in turn led to an increase in the U.S. population in each of the years 2022, 2023, and 2024 (+0.58%, +0.83%, and +0.98%, respectively).[31]

Population growth is fastest among minorities as a whole, and according to a 2020 U.S. Census Bureau analysis, 50% of U.S. children under the age of 18 are members ofethnic minority groups.[32] As of 2020,white Americans numbered 235,411,507 or 71% of the population, including people who identified as white in combination with another race. People who identified as white alone (including Hispanic whites) numbered 204,277,273 or 61.6% of the population, whilenon-Latino whites made up 57.8% of the country's population.[33]

Latino Americans accounted for 51.1% of the country's totalpopulation growth between 2010 and 2020.[34] The Hispanic or Latino population increased from 50.5 million in 2010 to 62.1 million in 2020, a 23% increase and a numerical increase of more than 11.6 million.[34] Immigrants and their U.S.-born descendants are expected to provide most of the U.S. population gains in the decades ahead.[35]

Asian Americans are the fastest-growing racial group in the United States, with a growth rate of 35%. However, multiracial Asian Americans make up the fastest-growing subgroup, with a growth rate of 55%, reflecting the increase of mixed-race marriages in the United States.[36][37]

As of 2022[update], births toWhite American mothers remain around 50% of the U.S. total, a decline of 3% compared to 2021.[38] In the same time period, births to Asian American and Hispanic women increased by 2% and 6%, respectively.[39]

Population pyramid by race and ethnicity of the United States over time from 1900 to 2020

Population

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
17903,929,326—
18005,308,48335.1%
18107,239,88136.4%
18209,638,45333.1%
183012,866,02033.5%
184017,069,45332.7%
185023,191,87635.9%
186031,443,32135.6%
187038,925,59823.8%
188050,189,20928.9%
189062,979,76625.5%
190076,212,16821.0%
191092,228,49621.0%
1920106,021,53715.0%
1930122,775,04615.8%
1940132,164,5697.6%
1950150,697,36114.0%
1960179,323,17519.0%
1970203,392,03113.4%
1980226,545,80511.4%
1990248,709,8739.8%
2000281,421,90613.2%
2010308,745,5389.7%
2020331,449,2817.4%
2024 (est.)340,110,988[1]2.6%
U.S. Decennial Census

In 1900, when the U.S. population was 76 million, there were 66.8 million white Americans in the United States, representing 88% of the total population,[40] 8.8 million Black Americans, with about 90% of them still living in Southern states,[41] and slightly more than 500,000 Hispanics.[42]

Under federal law,the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965,[43] the number of first-generation immigrants living in the United States has increased,[44] from 9.6 million in 1970 to about 38 million in 2007.[45] Around a million people legally immigrated to the United States per year in the 1990s, up from 250,000 per year in the 1950s.[46]

In 1900, non-Hispanic whites comprised almost 97% of the population of the 10 largest U.S.cities.[47] The Census Bureau reported that minorities (including Hispanic whites) made up 50.4% of the children born in the U.S. between July 2010 and July 2011,[48] compared to 37% in 1990.[49]

In 2014, the state with the lowest fertility rate was Rhode Island, with a rate of 1.56, while Utah had the greatest rate with a rate of 2.33.[50] This correlates with the ages of the states' populations: Rhode Island has the ninth-oldest median age in the US – 39.2 – while Utah has the youngest – 29.0.[51]

In 2017, the U.S. birth rate remains well below the replacement level needed – at least 2.1 children per woman so as not to experience population decreases – as white American births fell in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Among non-Hispanic white women, no states had a fertility rate above the replacement level. Among non-Hispanic Black women, 12 states reached above the replacement level needed. Among Hispanic women, 29 states did.[52] For non-Hispanic white women, the highest total fertility rate was in Utah, at 2.099, and the lowest in the District of Columbia, at 1.012. Among non-Hispanic Black women, the highest total fertility rate was in Maine, at 4.003, and the lowest in Wyoming, at 1.146. For Hispanic women, the highest total fertility rate was in Alabama, at 3.085, and the lowest in Vermont, at 1.200, and Maine, at 1.281.[52][53] As of 2016, due to aging, low birth rates and rising mortalitydriven partly by drug overdoses, deaths outnumber births amongnon-Hispanic whites in more than half the states in the country.[54]

Growth rate

[edit]
United States population as estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau beginning in 1790.
States in the U.S. with population change 2010 to2020 United States census[55]
  -2.00% or less
  -0.01% to -1.99%
  0% to 0.99%
  1% to 2.49%
  2.5% to 4.99%
  5% to 8.99%
  9% to 11.99%
  12% or more
  • U.S. population growth rates: 0.98% (2024), 0.83% (2023), 0.58% (2022), 0.16% (2021), 0.41% (2020)[3]

Age and sex distribution

[edit]
Proportion of Americans under the age of 18 in each county of thefifty states, theDistrict of Columbia, andPuerto Rico as of the2020 United States census
Proportion of Americans under the age of 5 in each county of thefifty states, theDistrict of Columbia, andPuerto Rico as of the2020 United States census

Sex distribution

[edit]

The 2020 U.S. Census reported there were more females than males with females making up 50.9% (or 168,763,470 people) of the population and males making up 49.1% (or 162,685,811 people). The previous census in 2010 also reported that there were more females than males; but females made up slightly less of the population at 50.8% and males made slightly more at 49.2%.[56]

The first U.S. Census to report more females than males was the 1950 Census.[57]

Age and sex distribution (2021)
Age and sex distribution as of 2021[58]
Age
(years)		Total
(thousands)		% of U.S. pop.Males
(thousands)		Females
(thousands)		% male% femaleSex ratio
(males per
female)
03,5641.1%1,8221,74351.1%48.9%1.05
< 518,8275.7%9,6249,20351.1%48.9%1.05
< 1560,46718.2%30,98929,57851.2%48.8%1.05
15-2443,08913.0%21,99621,09251.0%49.0%1.04
25-3445,49513.7%23,05322,44250.7%49.3%1.03
35-4443,40413.1%21,85821,54650.4%49.6%1.01
45-5440,68812.3%20,31220,37649.9%50.1%0.99
55-6442,80312.9%20,96321,84049.0%51.0%0.96
65+55,84816.8%25,21430,63445.1%54.9%0.82
75+22,1826.7%9,34412,83742.1%57.9%0.73
85+5,9761.8%2,1763,80036.4%63.6%0.57
100+980.03%257325.5%74.5%0.34
Total331,894100%164,385167,50949.5%50.5%0.98

Note that this table shows some people in more than one group: for example someone aged 90 is included three times: in "65+", "75+" and "85+".

Age distribution by selected age groups[58]
Age GroupPercentage
0–14 years18.2%
15–24 years13.0%
25–54 years39.0%
55–64 years12.9%
65 years and over16.8%

Percent distribution of the total population by age: 1900 to 2015

[edit]

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, United Nations medium variant projections[59]

Percent distribution of the total population by age groups (1900 to 2015)
Ages1900191019201930194019501960197019801990200020102015
0–14 years34.532.131.829.425.026.931.128.522.621.521.420.219.8
15–24 years19.619.717.718.318.214.713.417.418.814.813.9
25–44 years28.129.229.629.530.130.026.223.627.732.530.2
45–64 years13.714.616.117.519.820.320.120.619.618.622.0
65 years and over4.14.34.75.46.88.19.29.911.312.612.413.014.3
Total (%)10010010010010010010010010010010033.234.1

Dependency ratio

[edit]
Bi-variate choropleth map comparing the estimated percent of the population 65 and older and 17 and younger in the Contiguous United States by county, 2020

Thedependency ratio is the age-population ratio of people who are normally not in the labor force (the dependent population, which includes those aged 0 to 14 and 65 and older) to those who are (the productive part, ages 15 to 64). It is used to gauge the strain on the populace that is productive. The support ratio is the ratio of the working-age population to the elderly population, that is, the reciprocal of the aged dependency ratio.

Comparative demographics
CategoryGlobal rankingReferences
Total dependency ratio110th[58][60]
Child dependency ratio138th[58]
Aged dependency ratio42nd[58]
Potential support ratio160th[58]
One person households in the US over time

Density

[edit]
See also:List of states and territories of the United States by population density andList of United States cities by population density
Number of persons per square mile in the United States in 2010
States and territories in the United States by population per square mile, according to the2020 United States census
Counties in the United States by population growth since 2010 according to the U.S. Census Bureau 2018 Annual Estimate of the Resident Population.[61] Counties with population growth greater than the United States as a whole are in dark green, counties with population growth slower than the United States in light green, and counties with declining populations in light red.
States in the United States by population growth since 2010 according to the U.S. Census Bureau 2018 Annual Estimate of the Resident Population.[61] States with population growth greater than the United States as a whole are in dark green, states with population growth slower than the United States in light green, and states with declining populations in light red.

The most densely populated state isNew Jersey (1,263/mi2 or 488/km2).

The population is highlyurbanized, with 83.3% of the population residing in cities and suburbs.[7] Large urban clusters are spread throughout the eastern half of the United States (particularly the Great Lakes area, northeast, east, and southeast) and the western tier states; mountainous areas, principally the Rocky Mountains and Appalachian chain, deserts in the southwest, the dense boreal forests in the extreme north, and the central prairie states are less densely populated; Alaska's population is concentrated along its southern coast – with particular emphasis on the city ofAnchorage – and Hawaii's is centered on the island of Oahu.[7]California andTexas are the most populous states, as themean center of U.S. population has consistently shifted westward and southward.[62][63]New York City is themost populous city in the United States[64] and has been sinceat least 1790.

In theU.S. territories, population centers include theSan Juan metro area inPuerto Rico,[65]Saipan in theNorthern Mariana Islands,[66] and the island ofTutuila inAmerican Samoa.[67]

Median age of the population

[edit]
Median Age by County 2022
  46 or more
  43 to 45.9
  39 to 42.9
  35 to 39.9
  34.9 or less

Themedian age of the total population as of 2021 is 38.8 years; the male median age is 37.7 years; the female median age is 39.8 years.[58]

Median age of the U.S. population through history. Source:U.S. Department of Commerce.Bureau of Census,United States Census Bureau andThe World Factbook.[68][69]

YearsMedian age of malesMedian age of femalesMedian age of the total population
182016.616.816.7
183017.217.317.2
184017.917.817.8
185019.218.618.9
186019.819.119.4
187020.220.120.2
188021.220.720.9
189022.321.622.0
190023.322.422.9
191024.623.524.1
192025.824.725.3
193026.725.226.5
194029.129.029.0
195029.930.530.2
196028.730.429.6
197026.829.828.1
198028.831.230.0
199031.734.132.9
200034.036.535.3
201035.838.537.2
201836.937.738.2
202139.539.838.8

Population centers

[edit]
Main article:Metropolitan statistical area
See also:List of United States cities by population

The United States has dozens of major cities, including 31"global cities"[70] of all types, with 10 in the "alpha" group of global cities:New York,Los Angeles,Chicago,Washington, D.C.,Boston,San Francisco,Miami,Philadelphia,Dallas, andAtlanta.[71] As of 2021[update], the United States had 56 metropolitan areas with 1 million or more inhabitants. (The U.S. Census Bureau ranked Urban Honolulu as the 56th most populous area, with just over 1 million residents. SeeTable of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas.)

As of 2011[update], about 250 million Americans live in or around urban areas. That means more than three-quarters of the U.S. population shares just about three percent of the U.S. land area.[72]

The following table shows the populations of the top twenty metropolitan areas.

 
Largest metropolitan areas in the United States
RankNameRegionPop.RankNameRegionPop.
1New YorkNortheast19,940,27411BostonNortheast5,025,517
2Los AngelesWest12,927,61412Riverside–San BernardinoWest4,744,214
3ChicagoMidwest9,408,57613San FranciscoWest4,648,486
4Dallas–Fort WorthSouth8,344,03214DetroitMidwest4,400,578
5HoustonSouth7,796,18215SeattleWest4,145,494
6MiamiSouth6,457,98816Minneapolis–Saint PaulMidwest3,757,952
7Washington, D.C.South6,436,48917Tampa–St. PetersburgSouth3,424,560
8AtlantaSouth6,411,14918San DiegoWest3,298,799
9PhiladelphiaNortheast6,330,42219DenverWest3,052,498
10PhoenixWest5,186,95820OrlandoSouth2,940,513

Population by year (includes estimates)

[edit]

This table includes the official United States population by year from theU.S. Census Bureau, and includes the Bureau's intercensal estimates. Such estimates are taken on July 1 of each year but are not included for the years of the decennial census (2000, 2010, 2020, etc.). Whether the figure is a decennial census or an intercensal estimate is noted.

National population

[edit]
United States population (1980-2024)
YearTotal national population
2024 (intercensual estimate)[74]340,110,988
2023 (intercensual estimate)[74]336,806,231
2022 (intercensual estimate)[74]334,017,321
2021 (intercensual estimate)[74]332,099,760
2020 (census)[75]331,449,390
2019 (intercensal estimate)[75]330,226,227
2018 (intercensal estimate)[75]328,529,577
2017 (intercensal estimate)[75]326,353,340
2016 (intercensal estimate)[75]324,353,340
2015 (intercensal estimate)[75]321,815,121
2014 (intercensal estimate)[75]319,257,560
2013 (intercensal estimate)[75]316,726,282
2012 (intercensal estimate)[75]314,339,099
2011 (intercensal estimate)[75]311,839,461
2010 (census)[75]308,745,538
2009 (intercensal estimate)[76]306,771,529
2008 (intercensal estimate)[76]304,093,966
2007 (intercensal estimate)[76]301,231,207
2006 (intercensal estimate)[76]298,379,912
2005 (intercensal estimate)[76]295,516,599
2004 (intercensal estimate)[76]292,805,298
2003 (intercensal estimate)[76]290,107,933
2002 (intercensal estimate)[76]287,625,193
2001 (intercensal estimate)[76]284,968,955
2000 (census)[76]281,424,600
1999 (intercensal estimate)[77]272,690,813
1998 (intercensal estimate)[77]270,248,003
1997 (intercensal estimate)[77]267,783,607
1996 (intercensal estimate)[77]265,228,572
1995 (intercensal estimate)[77]262,803,276
1994 (intercensal estimate)[77]260,327,021
1993 (intercensal estimate)[77]257,782,608
1992 (intercensal estimate)[77]255,029,699
1991 (intercensal estimate)[77]252,153,092
1990 (census)[78]248,709,873
1989 (intercensal estimate)[79]246,819,230
1988 (intercensal estimate)[79]244,498,982
1987 (intercensal estimate)[79]242,288,918
1986 (intercensal estimate)[79]240,132,887
1985 (intercensal estimate)[79]237,923,795
1984 (intercensal estimate)[79]235,824,902
1983 (intercensal estimate)[79]233,791,994
1982 (intercensal estimate)[79]231,664,458
1981 (intercensal estimate)[79]229,465,714
1980 (census)[79]226,545,805

Vital statistics

[edit]

U.S. demographic table

[edit]

Sources:[80][81][82][83][84][85][1]

Notable events in American demographics:

YearAverage populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1,000)Crude death rate (per 1,000)[86]Natural change (per 1,000)Crude migration change (per 1,000)Total fertility rate

[fn 1][87][88]

Infant mortality rate

[89][90][91][92]

187038,600,0001,500,000750,000750,00038.919.419.55.02
187139,800,0001,540,000760,000780,00038.719.119.6-9.44.99
187241,000,0001,585,000770,000815,00038.718.819.9-9.24.96
187342,200,0001,630,000785,000845,00038.618.620.0-8.94.94
187443,400,0001,670,000800,000870,00038.518.420.1-8.64.91
187544,600,0001,710,000815,000895,00038.418.320.1-8.44.88
187645,800,0001,745,000825,000920,00038.118.020.1-8.24.86
187747,000,0001,780,000835,000945,00037.917.820.1-7.94.83
187848,200,0001,805,000845,000960,00037.517.520.0-7.64.80
187949,000,0001,840,000860,000980,00037.617.620.0-4.14.77
188049,400,0001,720,000800,000920,00034.916.318.60.04.75
188150,800,0001,755,000820,000935,00034.616.118.5-11.74.70
188252,300,0001,790,000835,000955,00034.216.018.2-11.24.66
188353,800,0001,820,000850,000970,00033.815.818.0-10.64.61
188455,300,0001,855,000865,000990,00033.515.617.9-10.14.57
188556,800,0001,890,000880,0001,010,00033.315.517.8-9.64.52
188658,300,0001,925,000895,0001,030,00033.015.317.7-9.24.48
188759,800,0001,960,000910,0001,050,00032.815.217.6-8.84.43
188861,300,0001,985,000920,0001,065,00032.415.017.4-8.34.39
188962,100,0002,000,000930,0001,070,00032.215.017.2-17.34.35
189062,900,0002,020,000880,0001,140,00032.114.018.1-2.14.30
189164,400,0002,045,000890,0001,155,00031.713.817.9-2.04.26
189265,900,0002,070,000900,0001,170,00031.413.617.8-1.94.21
189367,400,0002,095,000910,0001,185,00031.113.517.6-1.84.17
189468,900,0002,120,000920,0001,200,00030.813.417.4-1.84.12
189570,400,0002,150,000930,0001,220,00030.513.217.3-1.74.08
189671,900,0002,180,000940,0001,240,00030.313.117.2-1.64.03
189773,400,0002,200,000950,0001,250,00030.012.917.1-1.53.99
189874,900,0002,235,000960,0001,275,00029.812.817.0-1.43.94
189976,100,0002,250,000970,0001,280,00029.612.716.9-15.03.90
190076,100,0002,565,0001,050,0001,515,00030.112.317.80.03.85162.4
190177,700,0002,610,0001,085,0001,525,00029.812.417.4-2.63.85141.4
190279,200,0002,650,0001,120,0001,530,00029.512.517.0-2.43.84138.9
190380,700,0002,690,0001,145,0001,545,00029.312.516.8-2.13.83132.6
190482,300,0002,720,0001,165,0001,555,00029.012.416.6-1.93.79139.2
190583,900,0002,735,0001,180,0001,555,00028.812.416.4-1.83.75141.2
190685,500,0002,745,0001,195,0001,550,00028.612.416.2-1.73.71144.8
190787,100,0002,760,0001,210,0001,550,00028.412.416.0-1.63.67138.6
190888,800,0002,765,0001,220,0001,545,00028.212.415.8-1.53.63133.2
190990,600,0002,773,0001,230,0001,543,00028.012.415.6-1.53.58126.7
191092,407,0002,777,0001,357,0001,420,00030.114.715.45.43.59131.8
191193,863,0002,809,0001,305,0001,504,00029.913.916.0-0.53.57114.0
191295,335,0002,840,0001,297,0001,543,00029.813.616.2-0.73.56111.1
191397,225,0002,869,0001,343,0001,526,00029.513.815.73.73.45114.8
191499,111,0002,966,0001,318,0001,648,00029.913.316.62.43.57107.2
1915100,546,0002,965,0001,325,0001,640,00029.513.216.3-2.03.5299.9
1916101,961,0002,964,0001,408,0001,556,00029.113.815.3-1.43.47101.0
1917103,414,0002,944,0001,445,0001,499,00028.514.014.5-0.43.33393.8
1918104,550,0002,948,0001,892,0001,056,00028.218.110.10.83.312100.9
1919105,063,0002,740,0001,354,0001,386,00026.112.913.2-8.33.06886.6
1920106,461,0002,950,0001,383,0001,567,00027.713.014.7-1.63.26385.8
1921108,538,0003,055,0001,248,0001,807,00028.111.516.62.53.32675.6
1922110,049,0002,882,0001,286,0001,596,00026.211.714.5-0.83.10976.2
1923111,947,0002,910,0001,358,0001,552,00026.012.113.93.13.10177.1
1924114,109,0002,979,0001,323,0001,656,00026.111.614.54.43.12170.8
1925115,828,0002,909,0001,353,0001,556,00025.111.713.41.43.01271.7
1926117,397,0002,839,0001,422,0001,417,00024.212.112.11.32.90173.3
1927119,085,0002,802,0001,347,0001,455,00023.511.312.21.52.82464.6
1928120,509,0002,674,0001,445,0001,229,00022.212.010.22.02.66068.7
1929121,767,0002,582,0001,447,0001,135,00021.211.99.31.02.53267.6
1930123,076,7412,618,0001,393,0001,225,00021.311.310.00.72.53364.6
1931124,039,6482,506,0001,372,0001,134,00020.211.19.1-1.42.40261.6
1932124,840,4712,440,0001,358,0001,082,00019.510.98.6-2.32.31957.6
1933125,578,7632,307,0001,342,106964,89418.410.77.7-1.82.17258.1
1934126,373,7732,396,0001,396,903999,09719.011.17.9-1.62.23260.1
1935127,250,2322,377,0001,392,752984,24818.710.97.8-0.82.18955.7
1936128,053,1802,355,0001,479,228875,77218.411.66.8-0.62.14657.1
1937128,824,8292,413,0001,450,427962,57318.711.37.4-1.52.17354.4
1938129,824,9392,496,0001,381,3911,114,60919.210.68.6-0.92.22251.0
1939130,879,7182,466,0001,387,8971,078,10318.810.68.2-0.22.17248.0
1940132,122,4462,559,0001,417,2691,142,00019.410.78.70.82.30147.0
1941133,402,4712,703,0001,397,6421,305,35820.310.59.8-0.22.39945.3
1942134,859,5532,989,0001,385,1871,603,81322.210.311.9-1.12.62840.4
1943136,739,3533,104,0001,459,5441,644,30622.710.712.01.72.71840.4
1944138,397,3452,939,0001,411,3381,644,45621.210.211.00.92.56839.8
1945139,928,1652,858,0001,401,7191,456,28120.410.010.40.52.49138.3
1946141,388,5663,411,0001,395,6172,015,38324.19.914.2-3.92.94333.8
1947144,126,0713,817,0001,445,3702,371,63026.510.016.52.53.27432.2
1948146,631,3023,637,0001,444,3372,192,66324.89.914.92.13.10932.0
1949149,188,1303,649,0001,443,6072,205,39324.59.714.82.43.11031.3
1950152,271,4173,632,0001,452,4542,180,00023.99.514.45.93.09129.2
1951154,877,8893,823,0001,482,0992,340,90124.79.615.11.73.26928.4
1952157,552,7403,913,0001,496,8382,416,16224.89.515.31.63.35828.4
1953160,184,1923,965,0001,518,4592,517,54124.89.515.31.23.42427.8
1954163,025,8544,078,0001,481,0912,596,90925.09.115.91.53.54326.6
1955165,931,2024,104,0001,528,7172,568,28324.79.215.52.03.58026.4
1956168,903,0314,218,0001,564,4762,653,52425.09.315.71.93.68926.0
1957171,984,1304,308,0001,633,1282,666,87225.09.515.52.43.76726.3
1958174,881,9044,255,0001,647,8862,607,11424.39.414.91.73.70127.1
1959177,829,6284,244,7961,656,8142,587,98223.99.314.62.03.67026.4
1960180,671,1584,257,8501,711,9822,545,86823.69.514.11.63.65426.0
1961183,691,4814,268,3261,701,5222,566,80423.29.313.92.53.62925.3
1962186,537,7374,167,3621,756,7202,410,64222.39.412.92.33.47425.3
1963189,241,7984,098,0201,813,5492,284,47121.79.612.12.23.33325.2
1964191,888,7914,027,4901,798,0512,229,43921.09.411.62.23.20824.8
1965194,302,9633,760,3581,828,1361,932,22219.49.410.02.52.92824.7
1966196,560,3383,606,2741,863,1491,743,12518.39.58.82.62.73623.7
1967198,712,0563,520,9591,851,3231,669,63617.79.38.42.42.57822.4
1968200,706,0523,501,5641,930,0821,571,48217.49.67.82.12.47721.8
1969202,676,9463,600,2061,921,9901,678,21617.89.58.31.42.46520.9
1970205,052,1743,731,3861,921,0311,810,35518.29.48.82.82.48020.0
1971207,660,6773,555,9701,927,5421,628,42817.19.37.84.72.26619.1
1972209,896,0213,258,4111,963,9441,294,46715.59.46.14.52.01018.5
1973211,908,7883,136,9651,973,0031,163,96214.89.35.54.01.87917.7
1974213,853,9283,159,9581,934,3881,225,57014.89.05.83.41.83516.7
1975215,973,1993,144,1981,892,8791,251,31914.68.85.84.01.77416.1
1976218,035,1643,167,7881,909,4401,258,34814.58.85.73.71.73815.2
1977220,239,4253,326,6321,899,5971,427,03515.18.66.53.51.78914.1
1978222,584,5453,333,2791,927,7881,405,49115.08.76.34.21.76013.8
1979225,055,4873,494,3981,913,8411,580,55715.58.57.04.01.80813.1
1980227,224,6813,612,2581,989,8411,622,41715.98.87.12.41.83912.6
1981229,465,7143,629,2381,977,9811,651,25715.88.67.22.61.81211.9
1982231,664,4583,680,5371,974,7971,705,74015.98.57.42.11.82711.5
1983233,791,9943,638,9332,019,2011,619,73215.68.67.02.21.79911.2
1984235,824,9023,669,1412,039,3691,629,77215.68.67.01.71.80610.8
1985237,923,7953,760,5612,086,4401,674,12115.88.87.01.81.84410.6
1986240,132,8873,756,5472,105,3611,651,18615.68.86.82.31.83710.4
1987242,288,9183,809,3942,123,3231,686,07115.78.86.91.91.87210.1
1988244,498,9823,909,5102,167,9991,741,51116.08.97.11.91.93410.0
1989246,819,2304,040,9582,150,4661,890,49216.48.77.71.72.0149.8
1990249,622,8144,158,2122,148,4632,009,74916.78.68.13.22.0819.2
1991252,980,0214,110,9072,169,5181,941,38916.28.67.65.62.0628.9
1992256,512,8104,065,0142,175,6131,889,40115.88.57.36.42.0468.4
1993259,921,9074,000,2402,268,5531,731,68715.48.76.76.52.0198.4
1994263,126,5363,952,7672,278,9941,673,77315.08.76.35.82.0018.0
1995266,278,4033,899,5892,312,1321,587,45714.68.75.95.91.9787.6
1996269,394,2843,891,4942,314,6901,576,80414.48.65.85.71.9767.3
1997272,646,0743,880,8942,314,2451,566,64914.28.55.76.21.9717.2
1998275,854,1043,941,5532,337,2561,604,29714.38.55.85.81.9997.2
1999279,040,1683,959,4172,391,3991,568,01814.28.65.65.82.0077.0
2000282,162,4114,058,8142,403,3511,655,46314.48.55.95.22.0566.9
2001284,968,9554,025,9332,416,4251,609,50814.18.55.64.22.0306.8
2002287,625,1934,021,7262,443,3871,578,33914.08.55.53.72.0207.0
2003290,107,9334,089,9502,448,2881,641,66214.18.45.72.92.0476.8
2004292,805,2984,112,0522,397,6151,714,43714.08.25.83.42.0516.8
2005295,516,5994,138,3492,448,0171,690,33214.08.35.73.52.0576.9
2006298,379,9124,265,5552,426,2641,839,29114.38.16.23.42.1086.7
2007301,231,2074,316,2342,423,7121,892,52214.38.06.33.22.1206.8
2008304,093,9664,247,6942,471,9841,775,71014.08.15.93.62.0726.6
2009306,771,5294,130,6652,437,1631,693,50213.57.95.63.22.0026.4
2010309,378,2273,999,3862,468,4351,530,95112.98.04.93.51.9316.1
2011311,839,4613,953,5902,515,4581,438,41212.78.14.63.31.8946.1
2012314,339,0993,952,8412,543,2791,409,56212.68.14.53.51.8806.0
2013316,726,2823,932,1812,596,9931,336,18312.48.24.23.31.8576.0
2014319,257,5603,988,0762,626,4181,361,65812.58.24.33.71.8625.8
2015321,815,1213,978,4972,712,6301,265,86712.48.44.04.01.8435.9
2016324,353,3403,945,8752,744,2481,201,62712.28.53.74.11.8205.9
2017326,608,6093,855,5002,813,5031,041,99711.88.63.23.71.7655.8
2018328,529,5773,791,7122,839,205952,50711.58.62.92.91.7295.7
2019330,226,2273,747,5402,854,858892,68211.38.62.72.41.7065.6
2020[93][94][95]331,577,720[a]3,613,6473,383,729229,91810.910.20.73.41.6415.4
2021[97][98][99]332,099,760[a]3,664,2923,464,231200,06111.010.40.61.01.664[99]5.4
2022[100][101][99]334,017,321[a]3,667,7583,279,857387,90111.09.81.24.61.656[99]5.6
2023[102]336,806,231[a]3,596,0173,090,964505,05310.79.21.56.81.6215.6
2024p[b][102][103]340,110,9883,628,9343,072,551556,38310.79.01.78.11.5995.5
  1. ^abcdPopulation revised in 2024[96][1]
  2. ^Provisional data

Current vital statistics

[edit]
See also:Birth rate § United States
PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January—August 20242,408,7562,052,900+355,856
January—August 20252,398,7132,066,282+332,431
DifferenceDecrease -10,043 (-0.42%)Negative increase +13,382 (+0.65%)Decrease -23,425
Source:[104]

All current numbers in this section are provisional and may change through future updates. For more information, please see the reference link.

050,000,000100,000,000150,000,000200,000,000250,000,000300,000,000350,000,000160017001800190020002100Total PopulationUnited_States_Total_Population
Viewsource data.
IMRyear030609012015018019001920194019601980200020202040Infant Mortality (per 1000 births)United States Infant Mortality
Viewsource data.
TFRyear1.522.533.5419001920194019601980200020202040Total Fertility RateTotal Fertility Rate
Viewsource data.
%year-10-50510152019001920194019601980200020202040% natural growth% Crude migration changeUnited States Population Growth Rate
Viewsource data.
NumberDate01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,000190019241948197219962020BirthsDeathsNatural ChangeUnited States Population Change
Viewsource data.
Marriages, Families and Intimate Relationships in the U.S., 1970–2000
Median age at first marriage in the U.S.

According to theU.S. Census Bureau, in 2021, the population of the United States grew at a slower rate than in any other year since the country's founding.[105] The U.S. population grew only 0.1% from the previous year before.[105] The U.S. population has grown by less than one million people for the first time since 1937, with the lowest numeric growth since at least 1900, when the Census Bureau began yearly population estimates.[105] Apart from the previous few years, when population growth plummeted to historically low levels, the slowest pace of increase in the twentieth century occurred between 1918 and 1919, when theinfluenza epidemic andWorld War I were both in full swing.[105] Slower population growth has been the norm in the United States for some years, owing to lower fertility and netinternational migration, as well as rising mortality from an aging population.[105]

To put it another way, since the mid-2010s, births and net international migration have been dropping while deaths have risen. These trends have a cumulative effect of reduced population increase.[105]

TheCOVID-19 pandemic has accelerated this trend, resulting in a historically slow population increase in 2021.

The growth rate is 0.1% as estimated for 2021.[105]

The birth rate is 11.0 births/1,000 population, as of 2020.[106] This was the lowest birth rate since records began. There were 3,613,647 births in 2020, this was the lowest number of births since 1980.[106]

  • 11.0 births/1,000 population per year (final data for 2020).
  • 11.4 births/1,000 population per year (final data for 2019).[106]

In 2020, theCDC reported that there were 1,676,911marriages in 2020, compared to 2019, there were 2,015,603 marriages.[107] Marriage rates varied significantly by state, ranging from 3.2 marriages/1,000 population in California to 21.0 marriages/1,000 population in Nevada.*[108]

  • 5.1 marriages/1,000 population per year (provisional data for 2020).[107]
  • 6.1 marriages/1,000 population per year (provisional data for 2019).[107]

*Rates are based on provisional counts of marriages by state of occurrence

In 2009,Time magazine reported that 40% of births in the United States were to unmarried women.[109] The following is a breakdown by race for unwed births: 17% Asian, 29% White, 53% Hispanics (of any race), 66% Native Americans, and 72% Black American.[110]

According to the CDC, in 2020, there were at least 1,461,121 births to unmarried women, or 40.5% of all births in the United States. The following is a breakdown by race for unwed births: 28.4% Non-Hispanic White, 70.4% Non-Hispanic Black, and 52.8% Hispanic (of any race).[111]

The drop in the U.S. birth rate from 2007 to 2009 is believed to be associated with theGreat Recession.[112]

A study by theAgency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) found that more than half (51 percent) of live hospital births in 2008 and 2011 were male.[113]

Per U.S. federal government data released in March 2011, births fell 4% from 2007 to 2009, the largest drop in the U.S. for any two-year period since the 1970s.[114]Births have declined for three consecutive years, and are now 7% below the peak in 2007.[115] This drop has continued through 2010, according to data released by the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics in June 2011.[115] Numerous experts have suggested that this decline is largely a reflection of unfavorable economic conditions.[116] This connection between birth rates and economic downturns partly stems from the fact that American birth rates have now fallen to levels that are comparable to the Great Depression of the 1930s.[117] Teen birth rates in the U.S. are at their lowest level in U.S. history.[118] In fact, teen birth rates in the U.S. have consistently decreased since 1991 through 2011, except for a brief increase between 2005 and 2007.[118] The other aberration from this otherwise steady decline in teen birth rates is the 6% decrease in birth rates for 15- to 19-year-olds between 2008 and 2009.[118] Despite these years of decrease, U.S. teen birth rates still remain higher than in other developed nations.[118] Racial differences prevail with teen birth and pregnancy rates as well. American Indian/Alaska Native, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic Black teen pregnancy rates are more than double the non-Hispanic white teen birth rate.[119]

Age group (2010)Total
(of population)		White alone
(of race/age group)		Black alone
(of race/age group)		Mixed and/orSome Other Race
(of race/age group)		Asian alone
(of race/age group)		Either American Indian or Alaska Native
(of race/age group)		Either Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
(of race/age group)
Total308745538
(100%)		223553265
(72.4%)		38929319
(12.6%)		28116441
(9.1%)		14674252
(4.9%)		2932248
(1.0%)		540013
(0.2%)
0–420201362
(6.5%)		12795675
(5.7%/63.3%)		2902590
(7.5%/14.4%)		3315480
(11.8%/16.4%)		898011
(6.1%/4.5%)		244615
(8.3%/1.2%)		44991
(8.3%/0.2%)
5–920348657
(6.6%)		13293799
(5.9%/65.3%)		2882597
(7.4%/14.2%)		2957487
(10.5%/14.5%)		928248
(6.3%/4.6%)		243259
(8.3%/1.2%)		43267
(8.0%/0.0%)
10–1420677194
(6.7%)		13737332
(6.1%/66.4%)		3034266
(7.8%/14.7%)		2736570
(9.7%/13.2%)		881590
(6.0%/4.3%)		245049
(8.4%/1.19%)		42387
(7.8%/0.2%)
15–1922040343
(7.1%)		14620638
(6.5%/66.4%)		3448051
(8.9%/15.6%)		2704571
(9.6%/12.3%)		956028
(6.5%/4.3%)		263805
(9.0%/1.2%)		47250
(8.7%/0.2%)
20–2421585999
(7.0%)		14535947
(6.5%/67.3%)		3111397
(8.0%/14.4%)		2538967
(9.0%/11.8%)		1106222
(7.5%/5.1%)		240716
(8.2%/1.1%)		52750
(9.8%/0.2%)
25–2921101849
(6.8%)		14345364
(6.4%/68.0%)		2786254
(7.2%/13.2%)		2464343
(8.8%/11.7%)		1234322
(8.4%/5.9%)		221654
(7.6%/1.1%)		49912
(9.2%/0.2%)
30–3419962099
(6.5%)		13573270
(6.1%/68.0%)		2627925
(6.8%/13.2%)		2273322
(8.1%/11.4%)		1240906
(8.5%/6.2%)		202928
(6.9%/1.0%)		43748
(8.1%/0.2%)
35–3920179642
(6.5%)		13996797
(6.3%/69.36%)		2613389
(6.7%/13.0%)		2038408
(7.2%/10.1%)		1296301
(8.8%/6.4%)		196017
(6.7%/1.0%)		38730
(7.2%/0.2%)
40–4420890964
(6.8%)		15052798
(6.7%/72.1%)		2669034
(6.9%/12.8%)		1782463
(6.3%/8.5%)		1155565
(7.9%/5.5%)		194713
(6.6%/0.9%)		36391
(6.7%/0.2%)
45–4922708591
(7.4%)		17028255
(7.6%/75.0%)		2828657
(7.3%/12.5%)		1532117
(5.4%/6.8%)		1076060
(7.3%/4.7%)		207857
(7.1%/0.9%)		35645
(6.6%/0.2%)
50–5422298125
(7.2%)		17178632
(7.7%/77.0%)		2694247
(6.9%/12.1%)		1222175
(4.3%/5.5%)		980282
(6.7%/4.4%)		191893
(6.5%/0.9%)		30896
(5.7%/0.1%)
55–5919664805
(6.4%)		15562187
(7.0%/79.1%)		2205820
(5.7%/11.2%)		873943
(3.1%/4.4%)		844490
(5.8%/4.3%)		154320
(5.3%/0.8%)		24045
(4.5%/0.1%)
60–6416817924
(5.4%)		13693334
(6.1%/81.4%)		1686695
(4.3%/10.0%)		611144
(2.2%/3.6%)		689601
(4.7%/4.1%)		118362
(4.0%/0.7%)		18788
(3.5%/0.1%)
65–6912435263
(4.0%)		10313002
(4.6%/82.9%)		1162577
(3.0%/9.4%)		394208
(1.4%/3.2%)		474327
(3.2%/3.8%)		79079
(2.7%/0.6%)		12070
(2.2%/0.1%)
70–749278166
(3.0%)		7740932
(3.5%/83.4%)		852317
(2.2%/9.2%)		268574
(1.0%/2.9%)		354268
(2.4%/3.8%)		53926
(1.8%/0.6%)		8149
(1.5%/0.1%)
75–797317795
(2.4%)		6224569
(2.8%/85.1%)		616789
(1.6%/8.4%)		184596
(0.7%/2.5%)		251210
(1.7%/3.4%)		35268
(1.2%/0.5%)		5363
(1.0%/0.1%)
80–845743327
(1.9%)		5002427
(2.2%/87.1%)		424592
(1.1%/7.4%)		122249
(0.4%/2.1%)		168879
(1.2%/2.9%)		21963
(0.7%/0.4%)		3217
(0.6%/0.1%)
85+5493433
(1.8%)		4858307
(2.2%/88.4%)		382122
(1.0%/7.0%)		95824
(0.3%/1.7%)		137942
(0.9%/2.5%)		16824
(0.6%/0.3%)		2414
(0.4%/0.0%)

Total fertility rate (TFR)

[edit]
TFR of the United States overtime from 1820 to 2016

In 1800 the average U.S. woman had 7.04 children;[120] by the first decade of the 1900s, this number had already decreased to 3.56.[121] Since 1971, the birth rate has generally beenbelow the replacement rate of 2.1.[122][123]: 3  Since theGreat Recession of 2007, the rate has consistently been below replacement.[122][123]: 3  The drop in the TFR from 2.08 per woman in 2007 to 1.76 in 2017 was mostly due to the declining birth rate of ethnic minorities, teenagers and women in their 30s.[124] During that period, the birthrate for women ages 35 to 44 has risen.[122][124] The 12 month ending general fertility rate increased from 56.6 to 57.0 in 2022 Q1 compared to 2021 Q4.[125]

Total fertility rates from 1800 to 2020

[edit]
See also:Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States § Vital statistics of racial and ethnic Groups (since 1990)

Thetotal fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. Sources:Ansley J. Coale, Zelnik andNational Center for Health Statistics.[126]

Years18001810182018301840185018601870188018901900[126]
Total Fertility Rate in the United States7.06.96.76.66.15.45.24.64.23.93.6
Years19101920193019401950196019701980199020002010[126]2020
Total Fertility Rate in the United States3.43.22.52.23.03.52.51.82.082.061.931.64

The U.S. totalfertility rate as of 2020 is 1.641[106]

Other:[50]

(Note that ≈95% of Hispanics are included as "white Hispanics" by CDC, which does not recognize the Census's "Some other race" category and counts people in that category as white.)

Source: National Vital statistics report based on2010 US Census data[127]

Total fertility rates by state, federal district or territory

[edit]
Main article:List of U.S. states and territories by fertility rate
2023
State
federal district
or territory		TFR
Northern Mariana Islands2.13
Guam2.11
South Dakota2.00
Nebraska1.91
North Dakota1.85
Alaska1.83
Louisiana1.83
Iowa1.81
Texas1.81
Kansas1.81
Utah1.80
Kentucky1.80
Idaho1.79
Mississippi1.79
Oklahoma1.77
Arkansas1.77
Indiana1.76
Alabama1.73
Tennessee1.73
New Jersey1.70
Minnesota1.69
Hawaii1.68
Ohio1.68
Wyoming1.68
Missouri1.67
South Carolina1.67
North Carolina1.66
Georgia1.64
Delaware1.63
Wisconsin1.63
Maryland1.61
Virginia1.60
Florida1.60
Arizona1.60
West Virginia1.60
Michigan1.56
New Mexico1.55
Montana1.55
Pennsylvania1.55
New York1.53
Connecticut1.52
Nevada1.50
Illinois1.50
California1.48
Washington1.47
Colorado1.45
Maine1.40
Massachusetts1.40
U.S. Virgin Islands1.40
New Hampshire1.38
Rhode Island1.37
Oregon1.35
Vermont1.30
District of Columbia1.20
Puerto Rico0.90
US1.62

Births and fertility by race

[edit]

A total of 3,659,289 babies were born in 2021, a 1% increase from 2020. Additionally, researchers also looked at births by race and found that White and Hispanic women each saw the number of births increase by about 2% from 2020 to 2021. Meanwhile, Black and Asian women saw the number of births decline by 2.4% and 2.5%, respectively, over the same period, while American Indian/Alaskan Native women saw their numbers fall by 3.2%.[128] It also marks the first rise in births since 2014. Prior to this report, the total number of births had been decreasing by an average of 2% per year.[128] However, thetotal fertility rate (the number of births that the average women have over their lifetimes) was 1.6635 births per every woman. This is still below the replacement level, the level a population needs to replace itself, which is, at least, 2.1 births per woman.[128]

Number of births by state

[edit]

[129]

2023
States
Alabama57,858
Alaska9,015
Arizona78,096
Arkansas35,264
California400,108
Colorado61,494
Connecticut34,559
Delaware10,427
District of Columbia7,896
Florida221,410
Georgia125,120
Hawaii14,808
Idaho22,397
Illinois124,820
Indiana79,000
Iowa36,052
Kansas34,065
Kentucky51,984
Louisiana54,927
Maine11,627
Maryland65,594
Massachusetts67,093
Michigan99,124
Minnesota61,715
Mississippi34,459
Missouri67,123
Montana11,078
Nebraska24,111
Nevada31,794
New Hampshire11,936
New Jersey101,001
New Mexico20,951
New York203,612
North Carolina120,082
North Dakota9,647
Ohio126,896
Oklahoma47,909
Oregon38,298
Pennsylvania126,951
Rhode Island9,805
South Carolina57,729
South Dakota11,201
Tennessee83,021
Texas387,945
Utah45,019
Vermont5,065
Virginia92,649
Washington80,932
West Virginia16,606
Wisconsin59,754
Wyoming5,990
US3,596,017

Number of births by race and origin

[edit]
Quarterlies of years, recent estimates. Race and Hispanic origin refers to the mother.[130]
General Fertility Rate:
15–44 years		2020 Q12020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q32021 Q42022 Q12022 Q22022 Q3
All races and origins58.157.656.856.055.055.255.656.356.656.456.2
Hispanic65.264.763.963.161.561.762.263.464.865.165.7
Non-Hispanic Black61.361.060.159.257.757.357.357.457.557.256.6
Non-Hispanic White55.254.754.053.252.753.153.654.454.353.753.2
Number of births andtotal fertility rate (number of births/mother) by race and origin[131][132][133]
YearTotalNon-Hispanic WhiteNon-Hispanic BlackHispanicNon-HispanicAsianNon-HispanicAmerican Indian/Alaskan NativeNon-HispanicNative HawaiianMultiracial
20213,664,292 (TFR: 1.664)1,887,656 (TFR: 1.598)517,889 (TFR: 1.675)885,916 (TFR: 1.899)213,813 (TFR: 1.351)26,124 (TFR: 1.477)9,531 (TFR: 2.131)86,982 (TFR: 1.52)
20203,613,647 (TFR: 1.641)1,843,432 (TFR: 1.551)529,811 (TFR: 1.713)866,713 (TFR: 1.879)219,068 (TFR: 1.379)26,813 (TFR: 1.520)9,626 (TFR: 2.134)
20193,747,540(TFR: 1.7061,915,912 (TFR: 1.610)548,075 (TFR: 1.775)886,467 (TFR: 1.940)238,769 (TFR: 1.511)28,450 (TFR: 1.611)9.770 (TFR: 2,178)
Number of births, by race and Hispanic origin of the mother and month of birth: United States, January–June, final 2019 and 2020, and provisional 2021 (provisional 2021 data is based on 99.92% of births)[134]
Race and Hispanic origin of mother and yearJanuary–JuneJanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneTotal pop.'s percent (January–June)
Non-Hispanic White (2019)937,741156,819142,992157,502156,516165,587158,32551.67%
Non-Hispanic White (2020)916,986152,519138,756155,981150,953156,888156,93351.43%
Non-Hispanic White (2021)914,813142,083138,803159,055153,980156,969163,92352.32%
Non-Hispanic Black (2019)262,11447,48641,49743,58342,15144,58442,81314.45%
Non-Hispanic Black (2020)259,75946,35640,58743,59141,39542,99943,38114.57%
Non-Hispanic Black (2021)245,75341,31038,62841,95239,81040,93643,11714.05%
Non-HispanicAmerican Indian orAlaska native (2019)14,0132,5252,1822,3322,2932,3822,2990.77%
Non-HispanicAmerican Indian orAlaska native (2020)13,2342,2921,9772,2132,1952,2402,2460.74%
Non-HispanicAmerican Indian orAlaska native (2021)12,4982,1351,9322,1812,0981,9612,1910.69%
Non-HispanicAsian (2019)116,28919,62817,97519,91019,26120,16819,3476.41%
Non-HispanicAsian (2020)110,81119,30317,06819,26817,98618,69617,8806.21%
Non-HispanicAsian (2021)102,27915,65815,41018,01917,48217,55218,1585.85%
Non-HispanicHawaiian or other Pacific Islander (2019)4,6957907628147388477440.26%
Non-HispanicHawaiian or other Pacific Islander (2020)4,6658037597947058207570.26%
Non-HispanicHawaiian or other Pacific Islander (2021)4,4137996167537318067080.25%
Hispanic (of any race) (2019)421,99173,74265,66770,44268,51772,74770,87623.26%
Hispanic (of any race) (2020)420,56373,60165,14070,36168,00070,08571,05023.59%
Hispanic (of any race) (2021)409,94165,68761,96170,06068,20270,72273,30923.44%
All races and origins (2019)1,814,497310,872279,963304,237298,947316,386304,092
All races and origins (2020)1,783,124304,722272,907301,625290,478301,481302,164
All races and origins (2021)1,748,768276,980266,107302,137292,454299,308311,782
Percent change in births from 2019 to 2020 and 2020–2021[134]
Race and Hispanic origin of mother and yearJanuary–JuneJanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJune
Non-Hispanic White (2019-2020)-2-3-3-1-4-5-1
Non-Hispanic White (2020-2021)†0-7†022†04
Non-Hispanic Black (2019-2020)-1-2-2†0-2-4†1
Non-Hispanic Black (2020-2021)-5-11-5-4-4-5†-1
Non-HispanicAmerican Indian orAlaska native (2019-2020)-6-9-9†-5†-4-6†-2
Non-HispanicAmerican Indian orAlaska native (2020-2021)-6-7†-2†-1†-4-12†-2
Non-HispanicAsian (2019-2020)-5†-2-5-3-7-7-8
Non-HispanicAsian (2020-2021)-8-19-10-6-3-6†2
Non-HispanicHawaiian or other Pacific Islander (2019-2020)†-1†2†0†-2†-4†-3†2
Non-HispanicHawaiian or other Pacific Islander (2020-2021)5†0-19†-5†4†-2†-6
Hispanic (of any race) (2019-2020)†0†0†-1†0†-1-4†0
Hispanic (of any race) (2020-2021)-3-11-5†0†0†13
All races and origins (2019-2020)-2-2-3-1-3-5-1
All races and origins (2020-2021)-2-9-2†01-13

U.S.-born residents

[edit]

Note: Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number. Also note that growth arrows indicate an increase or decrease in the number of births, not in the fertility rate.[50][135][136][137]

Race of motherNumber of births
in 2016		% of all
born		TFR
(2016)		Number of births
in 2017		% of all
born		TFR
(2017)		Number of births
in 2018		% of all
born		TFR
(2018)		Number of births
in 2019		% of all
born		TFR
(2019)		Number of births
in 2020		% of all
born		TFR
(2020)		2020-2016

Increase
Decrease

White2,900,93373.5%1.772,812,26772.9%1.762,788,43973.5%1.75
>NH White2,056,33252.1%1.7191,992,46151.7%1.6661,956,41351.6%1.6401,915,91251.1%1.6111,843,43251.0%1.552Decrease10.35%
Black623,88615.8%1.90626,02716.2%1.92600,93315.8%1.87
> NH Black558,62214.2%1.832560,71514.5%1.824552,02914.6%1.792548,07514.6%1.776529,81114.7%1.714Decrease5.16%
NHAsian254,4716.5%1.690249,2506.5%1.597240,7986.4%1.525238,7696.4%1.511219,0686.1%1.385Decrease13.9%
NHAmerican Indian orAlaska native31,4520.8%1.79429,9570.8%1.70229,0920.8%1.65128,4500.76%1.61226,8130.74%1.517Decrease14.75%
NHHawaiian(incl. other Pacific Islander)9,3420.2%2.0769,4260.2%2.0859,4760.3%2.1069,7700.26%2.1789,6260.26%2.142Increase3.04%
Total3,945,875100%1.8203,855,500100%1.7653,791,712100%1.7293,747,540100%1.7063,613,647100%1.641Decrease9.84%

Key:

  • NH = Non-Hispanic.
  • TFR = Total fertility rate (number of children born per woman).
  • Growth arrows (Increase/Decrease) indicate an increase or decrease in the number of births, not in the fertility rate, comparing to the previous year.
Ethnicity of motherNumber of births
in 2016		% of all
born		TFR
(2016)		Number of births
in 2017		% of all
born		TFR
(2017)		Number of births
in 2018		% of all
born		TFR
(2018)		Number of births
in 2019		% of all
born		TFR
(2019)		Number of births
in 2020		% of all
born		TFR
(2020)		2020-2016

Increase
Decrease

Non-Hispanic (of any race)3,027,4282,956,7362,905,5022,861,0732,746,933Decrease
Hispanic (of any race)918,44723.3%2.093898,76423.3%2.007886,21023.4%1.959886,46723.7%1.940866,71424.0%1.876Decrease5.63%
Foreign-born total fertility rate by race
and those of Hispanic origin[138]
Race200820112013
White2.292.011.94
Black2.512.572.35
Asian2.252.021.93
Other1.802.042.06
Hispanic (of any race)3.152.772.46
Total2.752.452.22

Percent of births to White Non-Hispanic women that were their 8th+ child, by U.S. state, in 2021

[edit]
Percent of births to White Non-Hispanic women that were their 8th+ child, by U.S. state, in 2021
StatePercent
New York2.21%
New Jersey1.7%
Wisconsin1.04%
Arkansas1.02%
Montana0.86%
Ohio0.85%
Iowa0.84%
Pennsylvania0.82%
Kansas0.76%
Kentucky0.76%
Utah0.75%
Minnesota0.75%
Indiana0.72%
Wyoming0.72%
Mississippi0.7%
Michigan0.7%
Idaho0.65%
West Virginia0.64%
Arizona0.62%
North Dakota0.59%
South Dakota0.54%
Arkansas0.51%
New Mexico0.50%
Maryland0.49%
Oregon0.46%
Michigan0.44%
Oklahoma0.44%
Florida0.43%
Tennessee0.42%
Virginia0.41%
Illinois0.40%
Nevada0.40%
West Virginia0.39%
Delaware0.38%
Georgia (U.S. state)Georgia0.36%
Nebraska0.36%
Texas0.33%
Alabama0.33%
Missouri0.32%
Vermont0.31%
South Carolina0.30%
California0.29%
Colorado0.29%
North Carolina0.25%
Alaska0.25%
Connecticut0.20%
New Hampshire0.19%
Massachusetts0.17%

Mother's mean age at first birth

[edit]
Percentage of women childless by age cohort in the U.S. over time
  • 27.1 years (2020 est.)[106]

Life expectancy

[edit]
Life expectancy in the United States since 1880
Life expectancy in the United States since 1960 by gender
See also:List of U.S. states and territories by life expectancy

According to theCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), average Americanlife expectancy at birth was 78.4 years in 2023. This was a gain of 0.9 year from 77.5 years in 2022.[139] It was 76.4 years in 2021.[140]: 1 

  • Male: 75.8 years (2023), 74.8 years (2022), 73.5 years (2021)[140]: 1 
  • Female: 81.1 years (2023), 80.2 years (2022), 79.3 years (2021)[140]: 1 

Starting in 1998, life expectancy in the U.S. fellbehind that of other wealthy industrialized countries, and Americans' "health disadvantage" gap has been increasing ever since.[141] Average U.S. life expectancy in the United States has actually declined in four of the years following 2014 (the year when average U.S. life expectancy reached 78.9 years, its historical peak).[142] These declines were mostly reversed in both 2022 (+1.1 years) and 2023 (+0.9 year).[143] As of 2024, death rates among theyoungest remain well higher than in peer nations.[143] In 2023, there lower death rates in each of the ten U.S.leading causes of death but gains in life expectancy were largely driven by "decreases in mortality due to COVID-19, heart disease, unintentional injuries, cancer and diabetes".[143][139]

From 2019 to 2020, theCOVID-19 pandemic had contributed to approximately 61% of the decrease in life expectancy in the United States.[144] While increases in mortality fromunintentional injuries,heart disease,homicide, anddiabetes contributed to 11.7%, 5.8%, 2.9%, and 2.8% of the decrease in life expectancy from 2019 to 2020, respectively.[144] Life expectancy has also varied by racial and ethnic group, with Non-Hispanic Asians having the highest life expectancy and Non-Hispanic American Indians having the lowest.[144] In 2021, life expectancy at birth in the United States fell for the second year in a row, the first two-year drop since 1961–1963.[145]

Life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin and race, and sex:
United States, 2019, 2020 & 2021[146]
RaceMales
2021		Females
2021		Total
2021*		Total
2020		Total
2019		2019 to 2021
Increase/Decrease
NH White73.779.276.477.478.8Decrease 2.4
NH Black66.774.870.871.574.8Decrease 4.0
NH Asian81.285.683.583.685.6Decrease 2.1
NH American Indian or Alaska Native61.569.265.267.171.8Decrease 6.6
Hispanic74.481.077.777.981.9Decrease 4.2
All origins and races73.279.176.177.078.8Decrease 2.7

NOTE: Life expectancy at birth data for 2021 are provisional.*

  • NH = Non-Hispanic.
  • LEB = Life expectancy at birth
  • Growth arrows (Increase/Decrease) indicate an increase or decrease in total life expectancy compared to years before.

Life expectancy at birth from 1901 to 2015

[edit]

Life expectancy in the United States from 1901 to 2015. Source:Our World In Data and theUnited Nations.

1901–1950

Years1901190219031904190519061907190819091910[147]
Life expectancy in the United States49.350.550.649.650.350.250.151.952.851.8
Years1911191219131914191519161917191819191920[147]
Life expectancy in the United States53.454.153.554.655.154.254.047.055.355.4
Years1921192219231924192519261927192819291930[147]
Life expectancy in the United States58.258.157.558.558.557.959.458.358.559.6
Years1931193219331934193519361937193819391940[147]
Life expectancy in the United States60.361.060.960.260.960.461.162.463.163.2
Years1941194219431944194519461947194819491950[147]
Life expectancy in the United States63.864.664.365.165.666.366.767.367.668.1

1901–2015

PeriodLife expectancy
in Years
1901–190949.3 – 52.8
1910–191953.5 – 55.3[148]
1920–192955.4 – 59.4
1930–193960.2 – 63.1
1940–194963.8 – 67.6
1950–195568.7
1955–196069.7
1960–196570.1
1965–197070.4
1970–197571.4
1975–198073.3
1980–198574.4
1985–199074.9
1990–199575.7
1995–200076.5
2000–200577.2
2005–201078.2
2010–201578.9
2015–202078.8
2022[149]77.5
2023[149]78.4

Source:UN World Population Prospects[150]

Life tables

[edit]
Life table of the United States, 2020[144]
FemalesMalesTotal
AgeCohortLife expectancyCohortLife expectancyCohortLife expectancy
0100,00079.9100,00074.2100,00077.0
199,50879.399,41573.699,46176.4
599,42975.399,31369.799,37772.5
1099,38170.499,25464.799,32367.5
1599,31765.499,15559.899,24262.6
2099,15760.598,74155.098,95257.7
2598,87655.797,96150.598,41553.0
3098,47950.996,99445.997,72548.4
3597,93346.295,81541.596,85643.8
4097,21541.594,42037.095,79439.3
4596,26636.992,73132.794,47134.8
5094,92832.490,49728.492,68030.4
5592,97928.087,33224.390,11526.2
6090,11123.882,73620.586,37622.2
6586,03919.876,43917.081,18118.5
7080,54715.968,49113.774,46614.9
7572,73712.458,58810.665,56511.6
8061,2989.245,6617.853,3468.6
8545,4246.530,2765.537,7006.1
9026,2714.414,8243.720,4774.2
959,5992.94,2162.56,8892.8
1001,7272.05491.81,1422.0

Future projections

[edit]

The United States Census Bureau's 2017 projections were produced using the cohort-component method. In the cohort-component method, the components of population change (fertility, mortality, and net migration) are projected separately for each birth cohort (persons born in a given year). The base population is advanced each year by using projected survival rates and net international migration. Each year, a new birth cohort is added to the population by applying the projected fertility rates to the female population.

U.S. population projections (resident population as of July 1, in thousands)[151]
YearPopulation
2017325,511
2018327,892
2019330,269
2020332,639
2021334,998
2022337,342
2023339,665
2024341,963
2025344,234
2026346,481
2027348,695
2028350,872
2029353,008
2030355,101
2031357,147
2032359,147
2033361,099
2034363,003
2035364,862
2036366,676
2037368,448
2038370,179
2039371,871
2040373,528
2041375,152
2042376,746
2043378,314
2044379,861
2045381,390
2046382,907
2047384,415
2048385,918
2049387,419
2050388,922
2051390,431
2052391,947
2053393,473
2054395,009
2055396,557
2056398,118
2057399,691
2058401,277
2059402,874
2060404,483
Observed and Total Population for the States, 2030-2040[152]
states20302040
Alabama5,029,8335,056,796
Alaska792,188819,954
Arizona8,238,4079,166,279
Arkansas3,155,7983,217,535
California43,751,11646,467,001
Colorado6,766,9837,692,907
Connecticut3,601,2023,542,707
Delaware1,082,1921,164,344
District of Columbia888,8911,058,820
Florida25,372,66428,886,983
Georgia (U.S. state)Georgia11,835,12612,820,271
Hawaii1,548,8311,619,703
Idaho2,008,3292,227,842
Illinois12,709,90112,397,564
Indiana6,978,2547,095,000
Iowa3,317,4123,392,783
Kansas3,011,7823,032,653
Kentucky4,648,1904,714,761
Louisiana4,945,7835,062,780
Maine1,344,8411,326,159
Maryland6,553,5486,842,902
Massachusetts7,420,8827,742,628
Michigan10,068,9419,960,115
Minnesota6,070,5516,364,886
Mississippi3,003,9632,962,160
Missouri6,318,1266,359,970
Montana1,163,3531,236,304
Nebraska2,089,8412,190,918
Nevada3,591,0434,058,371
New Hampshire1,385,7991,393,451
New Jersey9,363,3179,470,012
New Mexico2,132,8232,127,318
New York20,638,06620,873,488
North Carolina11,673,84912,658,927
North Dakota923,4521,060,457
Ohio11,837,40511,751,540
Oklahoma4,253,6044,439,038
Oregon4,738,0745,164,041
Pennsylvania12,946,24512,809,150
Rhode Island1,068,6631,055,318
South Carolina5,792,2476,352,502
South Dakota973,3611,043,032
Tennessee7,395,1067,823,662
Texas34,738,48240,015,913
Utah3,786,9634,344,339
Vermont617,969601,865
Virginia9,331,6669,876,728
Washington8,746,4939,776,126
West Virginia1,746,5771,661,849
Wisconsin5,971,6175,997,137
Wyoming605,972615,787

Race and ethnicity

[edit]
Main article:Race and ethnicity in the United States
Further information:Americans,Racism in the United States, andHistorical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States
Hispanics and Non-Hispanics in the United States (2020 United States census)[10]
  1. Non-Hispanic Americans (81.3%)
  2. Hispanic Americans (18.7%)

The following table shows the race and ethnicity of the United States per the 1930, 1970, 2000, and 2020 censuses. Data only covers states and the federal district, thus only covering thefirst 48 states andWashington, D.C. in 1930 and includingAlaska andHawaii as well in 1970, 2000, and 2020. The figures thus do not include various other territories that have been under the United States during this time period.[a] Over this time period, the U.S. has evolved from being 89% White, 10% Black and 1% Hispanic in 1930 to 58% White, 12% Black, and 19% Hispanic ninety years later, reflecting a significant demographic shift.

Race and ethnicity in theUnited States (1930−2020)
Race and ethnicity1930[153]1970[154][155]2000[156]2020[157]
Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
White108,864,20788.67%169,282,84983.3%194,552,77469.13%191,697,64757.84%
Hispanic or Latino[b]1,422,533[c]1.16%9,072,6024.46%35,305,81812.55%62,080,04418.73%
Black or African American[d]11,891,1439.69%22,125,35510.89%33,947,83712.06%39,940,33812.05%
Asian[e]264,100[f]0.22%1,965,249[g]0.97%10,123,1693.6%19,618,7195.92%
American Indian and Alaska Native[h]332,3970.27%765,8710.38%2,068,8830.74%2,251,6990.68%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander[i]666[j]0%n/an/a353,5090.13%622,0180.19%
Some Other Race[k]n/an/an/an/a467,7700.17%1,689,8330.51%
Two or more races[l]n/an/an/an/a4,602,1461.64%13,548,9834.09%
Total responses122,775,046100%203,211,926100%281,421,906100%331,449,281100%
Non-Hispanic Americans in 2020
YearPopulation% of
Non-Hispanics		% of
the US		Percent Change
White (alone)191,697,64771.16%57.83%Decrease -2.6%
African (alone)39,940,33814.83%12.05%Increase 6.0%
Asian (alone)19,618,7197.28%5.92%Increase 35.6%
Multiracial13,548,9835.03%4.09%Increase 127.1%
Native (alone)2,251,6990.84%0.67%Increase 0.2%
Pacific Islander (alone)622,0180.23%0.19%Increase 29.2%
Some Other Race (alone)1,689,8330.63%0.51%Increase 179.7%
Total269,369,237100%81.27%
Source: 2020 United States census[10]
Racial Hispanic groups in the United States (2020 United States census)[10]
  1. Multiracial (32.7%)
  2. White (20.3%)
  3. Native (2.38%)
  4. African (1.87%)
  5. Asian (0.43%)
  6. Islander (0.11%)
  7. Others (42.2%)
Hispanic Americans in 2020
YearPopulation% of
Hispanics		% of
the US		Percent Change
Multiracial20,299,96032.70%6.12%Increase 567.2%
White (alone)12,579,62620.26%3.80%Decrease -52.9%
Native (alone)1,475,4362.38%0.45%Increase 115.3%
African (alone)1,163,8621.87%0.35%Decrease -6.2%
Asian (alone)267,3300.43%0.08%Increase 27.8%
Pacific Islander (alone)67,9480.11%0.02%Increase 16.3%
Some Other Race (alone)26,225,88242.25%7.91%Increase 41.7%
Total62,080,044100%18.73%
Source: 2020 United States census[10]
Racial groups in the United States (2020 census) including racial identification of Hispanic[158]
  1. White Americans (61.6%)
  2. Black Americans (12.4%)
  3. Two or more races (10.2%)
  4. Some other race (8.40%)
  5. Asian Americans (6.00%)
  6. Native Americans (1.10%)
  7. Pacific Islander Americans (0.20%)
Racial and ethnic groups in the United States (2020 census)[159]
  1. White Americans* (57.8%)
  2. Hispanic Americans** (18.7%)
  3. Black Americans* (12.1%)
  4. Asian Americans* (5.90%)
  5. Two or more races* (4.10%)
  6. Native Americans* (0.70%)
  7. Some other race* (0.50%)
  8. Pacific Islander Americans* (0.20%)
U.S. race by Hispanic origin demographics from 1940 to 2020
Ethnic origins in the United States
Ethno-racial makeup of the United States by single year ages from 1990 to 2020
Ethno-racial makeup of the United States by single year ages in 2020
Counties in the United States by percentage of the population which is non-Hispanic or Latino and/or non-white according to theU.S. Census BureauAmerican Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[160] Counties with larger populations of Hispanic/Latino and/or non-white than the United States as a whole are in full purple.
States in the United States by Hispanic/Latino and/or non-white population according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[160] States with larger Hispanic/Latino and/or non-white populations than the United States as a whole are in full purple.

Race

[edit]
Population pyramid by race/ethnicity in 2020

TheUnited States Census Bureau collects racial data in accordance with guidelines provided by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and these data are based on self-identification. Many other countries count multiple races based on origin while America compiles multiple dozens of ethnicity groups into skin color grouping them together.[161] The racial classifications and definitions used by the U.S. Census Bureau are:[162]

  • White: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.[163] It includes people who indicate their race as "White" or report entries such as English, Azerbaijani, Iranian (Kurd and Lur), Irish, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Greek, Turkish, Lebanese, Moroccan (Arab and Berber), or Caucasian.
  • Black or African American: a person having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa.[163] It includes people who indicate their race as "Black, African Am." or report entries such as African American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian.
  • American Indian or Alaska Native: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America) and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment.[163] This category includes people who indicate their race as "American Indian or Alaska Native" or report entries such as Navajo, Blackfeet, Inupiat, Yup'ik, Central American Indian groups, or South American Indian groups.
  • Asian: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of East Asia, Southeast Asia, or South Asia, such as Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam.[163]
  • Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander: a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.[163]
  • Some other race: includes all other responses not included in the "White", "Black or African American", "American Indian or Alaska Native", "Asian", and "Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander" racial categories described above includes Asians from West Asia or Russia (non-European Russia) and White Africans.
  • Two or more races: people may choose to provide two or more races either by checking two or more race response check boxes, providing multiple responses, or some combination of check boxes and other responses.

Data about race and ethnicity are self-reported to the Census Bureau. Since the 2000 census, Congress has authorized people to identify themselves according to more than one racial classification by selecting more than one category. Only one ethnicity may be selected, however, because the Census Bureau recognizes only two ethnicities – "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino" – which are mutually exclusive since you can be one or the other, but not both. The singular term Hispanic has been supplanted as a federally-recognized ethnicity by the combined "Hispanic or Latino," defined by the Census Bureau as a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race.[164]

Map of counties in United States by racial and ethnic plurality, per the 2020 U.S. census

According to the Census Bureau website, the racial composition of the United States in 2021 was:[165]

Race (2021)PopulationShare of population
Total323,175,700100.0%
(Non-Hispanic)White, percent187,925,10058.2%
(Non-Hispanic)Black or African American, percent37,520,80011.6%
Hispanic or Latino, percent61,241,90019.0%
(Non-Hispanic)Asian, percent18,558,6005.7%
(Non-Hispanic) American Indian and Alaska Native, percent1,667,1000.5%
(Non-Hispanic) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander541,2000.2%
Two or more Races, percent15,711,1004.9%

According to the 2022American Community Survey, the racial composition of the United States in 2022 was:[166][167]

RacePopulation (2022 est.)Share of total
population
Total333,287,550100%
One race291,505,26287.5%
  White202,889,02060.2%
  Black or African American40,603,65612.2%
  American Indian and Alaska Native3,205,3311%
  Asian19,696,9805.9%
  Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander665,8070.2%
  Other races24,444,4827.3%
Two or more races41,782,28812.5%
  White and Black or African American3,831,6831.1%
  White and American Indian and Alaska Native3,012,8490.9%
  White and Asian2,865,5040.9%
  Black or African American and American Indian and Alaska Native464,6790.1%
  White and Some Other Race26,317,2367.9%
  Hispanic or Latino (of any race)63,553,64019.1%
  Mexican37,414,77211.2%
  Central American6,531,2672%
  Puerto Rican5,905,1781.8%
  South American4,666,9701.4%
  Cuban2,435,5730.7%
  Dominican2,396,7840.7%
  Other Hispanic or Latino4,203,0951.3%
  Not Hispanic or Latino269,733,92080.9%
  White (non-Hispanic)192,153,07057.7%
  Black or African American (non-Hispanic)39,582,96011.9%
  American Indian and Alaska Native (non-Hispanic)1,750,4890.5%
  Asian (non-Hispanic)19,415,2525.8%
  Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic)590,3390.2%
  Some other race (non-Hispanic)1,912,6800.6%
  Two or more races14,329,1274.3%
Distribution of Total Population by Race, 1900 to 2020 (in %)

Hispanic are shown like part of the races. Source:U.S. Census Bureau.[168][69]

Years19001910192019301940195019601970198019902000*2010*2020*
White87.988.989.789.889.889.588.687.583.080.375.172.461.6
Black or African American11.610.79.99.79.810.010.511.111.712.112.312.612.4
American Indian and Alaska Native0.80.80.90.91.1
Asian and Native Hawaiian
and other Pacific Islander		1.52.93.85.06.2
Some other race3.03.95.56.28.4
Two or more races2.42.910.2
Sum (%)99.599.699.699.599.699.599.198.6100100100100100

*Data are shown for the White, Black or African American, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and Some other race alone populations.

Median age by each race alone and ethnicity, 2021

Source: United States Census Bureau.[169]

RaceMedian age (both sexes) (years)Median age (male) (years)Median age (female) (years)
Total Population38.837.739.8
White (Non-Hispanic)43.842.645.0
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)34.532.936.1
American Indian and Alaska Native (Non-Hispanic)32.131.832.5
Asian (Non-Hispanic)37.736.538.9
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (Non-Hispanic)32.732.532.9
Two or More Races29.5 (2020)[170]20.421.8
Hispanic alone30.530.230.8
Not Hispanic41.039.842.1
Median age by race alone or in combination and ethnicity, 2021

Source: United States Census Bureau.[169]

RaceMedian age (both sexes) (years)Median age (male) (years)Median age (female) (years)
White (include White Hispanics)39.838.940.8
Black or African American32.731.234.2
American Indian and Alaska Native31.630.932.2
Asian35.434.136.6
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander29.829.330.3
White (excludes White Hispanics)42.841.744.0
Most common age by race/ethnicity, 2018[171]
Race/ethnicityWhiteBlack or
African American		HispanicAsianAmerican Indian and
Alaska Native		Native Hawaiian and
Pacific Islander		Multiracial
Most common age58 yo27 yo11 yo29 yo26 yo28 yo3 yo
Racial breakdown of population by state (plus D.C. and Puerto Rico), 2015[172]
State or territoryPopulation

(2015 est.)

WhiteBlack or

African American

American Indian

and Alaska Native

AsianNative Hawaiian and

Other Pacific Islander

Some other raceTwo or more races
Alabama4,830,62068.8%26.4%0.5%1.2%0.1%1.3%1.7%
Alaska733,37566.0%3.4%13.8%5.9%1.2%1.3%8.4%
Arizona6,641,92878.4%4.2%4.4%3.0%0.2%6.5%3.2%
Arkansas2,958,20878.0%15.5%0.6%1.4%0.2%2.1%2.1%
California38,421,46461.8%5.9%0.7%13.7%0.4%12.9%4.5%
Colorado5,278,90684.2%4.0%0.9%2.9%0.1%4.3%3.5%
Connecticut3,593,22277.3%10.3%0.2%4.2%0.0%5.1%2.8%
Delaware926,45469.4%21.6%0.3%3.6%0.0%2.3%2.7%
District of Columbia647,48440.2%48.9%0.3%3.7%0.0%4.2%2.7%
Florida19,645,77276.0%16.1%0.3%2.6%0.1%2.5%2.4%
Georgia10,006,69360.2%30.9%0.3%3.6%0.0%2.8%2.1%
Hawaii1,406,29925.4%2.0%0.2%37.7%9.9%1.1%23.7%
Idaho1,616,54791.7%0.6%1.3%1.3%0.1%2.4%2.6%
Illinois12,873,76172.3%14.3%0.2%5.0%0.0%5.8%2.2%
Indiana6,568,64584.2%9.2%0.2%1.9%0.0%2.3%2.2%
Iowa3,093,52691.2%3.2%0.3%2.0%0.1%1.3%2.0%
Kansas2,892,98785.2%5.8%0.8%2.6%0.1%2.2%3.3%
Kentucky4,397,35387.6%7.9%0.2%1.3%0.0%0.9%2.1%
Louisiana4,625,25362.8%32.1%0.6%1.7%0.0%1.0%1.8%
Maine1,329,10095.0%1.1%0.6%1.1%0.0%0.2%2.0%
Maryland5,930,53857.6%29.5%0.3%6.0%0.0%3.6%3.0%
Massachusetts6,705,58679.6%7.1%0.2%6.0%0.0%4.2%2.9%
Michigan9,900,57179.0%14.0%0.5%2.7%0.0%1.1%2.6%
Minnesota5,419,17184.8%5.5%1.0%4.4%0.0%1.5%2.7%
Mississippi2,988,08159.2%37.4%0.4%1.0%0.0%0.9%1.2%
Missouri6,045,44882.6%11.5%0.4%1.8%0.1%1.1%2.4%
Montana1,014,69989.2%0.5%6.5%0.7%0.1%0.5%2.5%
Nebraska1,869,36588.1%4.7%0.9%2.0%0.1%1.9%2.2%
Nevada2,798,63669.0%8.4%1.1%7.7%0.6%8.8%4.4%
New Hampshire1,324,20193.7%1.3%0.2%2.4%0.0%0.5%1.8%
New Jersey8,904,41368.3%13.5%0.2%9.0%0.0%6.4%2.5%
New Mexico2,084,11773.2%2.1%9.1%1.4%0.1%10.9%3.3%
New York19,673,17464.6%15.6%0.4%8.0%0.0%8.6%2.9%
North Carolina9,845,33369.5%21.5%1.2%2.5%0.1%3.0%2.4%
North Dakota721,64088.7%1.6%5.3%1.2%0.0%0.8%2.2%
Ohio11,575,97782.4%12.2%0.2%1.9%0.0%0.8%2.5%
Oklahoma3,849,73373.1%7.2%7.3%1.9%0.1%2.6%7.8%
Oregon3,939,23385.1%1.8%1.2%4.0%0.4%3.4%4.1%
Pennsylvania12,779,55981.6%11.0%0.2%3.1%0.0%2.0%2.1%
Puerto Rico3,583,07369.7%8.4%0.3%0.3%0.0%12.0%9.3%
Rhode Island1,053,66181.1%6.5%0.5%3.2%0.0%5.8%2.8%
South Carolina4,777,57667.2%27.5%0.3%1.4%0.1%1.5%2.0%
South Dakota843,19085.0%1.6%8.6%1.2%0.0%0.9%2.6%
Tennessee6,499,61577.8%16.8%0.3%1.6%0.1%1.5%2.0%
Texas26,538,61474.9%11.9%0.5%4.2%0.1%6.0%2.5%
Utah2,903,37987.6%1.1%1.1%2.2%0.9%4.5%2.6%
Vermont626,60494.9%1.1%0.3%1.4%0.0%0.3%1.9%
Virginia8,256,63069.0%19.2%0.3%6.0%0.1%2.2%3.2%
Washington6,985,46477.8%3.6%1.3%7.7%0.6%3.8%5.2%
West Virginia1,851,42093.6%3.3%0.2%0.7%0.0%0.2%2.0%
Wisconsin5,742,11786.5%6.3%0.9%2.5%0.0%1.7%2.1%
Wyoming579,67991.0%1.1%2.2%0.9%0.1%2.1%2.7%
Racial and Ethnic breakdown of population by state (plus D.C. and Puerto Rico), 2022[173]
State or territoryPopulation
(2022 est.)		White (Non Hispanic)Black or
African American (Non Hispanic)		American Indian
and Alaska Native (Non Hispanic)		Asian (Non Hispanic)Native Hawaiian and
Other Pacific Islander (Non Hispanic)		Some other race (Non Hispanic)Two or more races (Non Hispanic)Hispanic or Latino
Alabama5,074,29664.1%25.6%0.3%1.5%0.0%0.4%3.3%4.9%
Alaska733,58357.4%2.8%12.7%6.1%2.0%0.5%10.7%7.7%
Arizona7,359,19751.8%4.4%3.3%3.5%0.2%0.5%3.9%32.5%
Arkansas3,045,63767.5%14.3%0.4%1.6%0.5%0.4%7.0%8.4%
California39,029,34433.7%5.2%0.3%15.3%0.3%0.6%4.3%40.3%
Colorado5,839,92665.0%3.8%0.4%3.1%0.1%0.5%4.6%22.5%
Connecticut3,626,20562.0%9.8%0.1%4.8%0.0%0.8%4.4%18.2%
Delaware1,018,39658.9%21.6%0.1%4.1%0.0%0.5%4.5%10.3%
District of Columbia671,80336.7%41.7%0.2%4.1%0.1%0.6%5.0%11.7%
Florida22,244,82450.8%14.6%0.1%2.8%0.0%0.7%3.9%27.1%
Georgia10,912,87649.6%30.7%0.1%4.4%0.1%0.5%4.2%10.4%
Hawaii1,440,19620.7%1.6%0.1%34.6%9.3%0.4%22.1%11.1%
Idaho1,939,03379.0%0.6%0.8%1.3%0.2%0.5%4.2%13.5%
Illinois12,582,03258.5%13.2%0.1%5.9%0.0%0.4%3.6%18.3%
Indiana6,833,03776.0%9.2%0.1%2.5%0.0%0.5%3.9%7.8%
Iowa3,200,51782.8%3.7%0.2%2.3%0.3%0.3%3.6%6.8%
Kansas2,937,15073.1%5.0%0.4%2.9%0.1%0.5%4.9%13.0%
Kentucky4,512,31082.2%7.6%0.1%1.4%0.1%0.3%4.2%4.2%
Louisiana4,590,24156.7%30.9%0.4%1.8%0.0%0.4%4.0%5.7%
Maine1,385,34090.2%1.6%0.4%1.2%0.0%0.4%4.2%2.1%
Maryland6,164,66047.1%29.2%0.1%6.5%0.0%0.8%4.7%11.4%
Massachusetts6,981,97467.0%6.6%0.1%7.2%0.0%1.2%4.9%13.0%
Michigan10,034,11872.6%13.1%0.3%3.3%0.0%0.5%4.5%5.7%
Minnesota5,717,18476.2%6.9%0.7%5.2%0.0%0.6%4.5%5.8%
Mississippi2,940,05755.3%36.5%0.4%0.9%0.0%0.3%3.3%3.3%
Missouri6,177,95776.6%10.6%0.2%2.1%0.1%0.4%5.1%4.7%
Montana1,122,86783.5%0.3%5.2%0.7%0.1%0.8%4.9%4.4%
Nebraska1,967,92375.8%4.5%0.5%2.5%0.1%0.4%3.9%12.3%
Nevada3,177,77244.4%9.0%0.6%8.8%0.6%0.6%5.7%30.3%
New Hampshire1,395,23186.6%1.3%0.1%2.6%0.1%0.5%4.4%4.5%
New Jersey9,261,69951.5%12.0%0.1%10.0%0.0%1.0%3.6%21.9%
New Mexico2,113,34434.8%1.7%8.1%1.7%0.0%0.4%3.1%50.2%
New York19,677,15252.9%13.4%0.2%9.0%0.0%1.1%3.7%19.7%
North Carolina10,698,97360.7%20.1%0.9%3.2%0.1%0.5%4.1%10.4%
North Dakota779,26182.0%3.3%4.3%1.6%0.4%0.4%3.7%4.4%
Ohio11,756,05876.1%11.9%0.1%2.5%0.0%0.4%4.5%4.4%
Oklahoma4,019,80062.6%6.7%6.8%2.3%0.1%0.3%9.1%12.1%
Oregon4,240,13771.6%1.8%0.7%4.5%0.4%0.6%6.0%14.4%
Pennsylvania12,972,00873.1%10.1%0.1%3.8%0.0%0.5%3.8%8.6%
Puerto Rico3,221,7890.6%0.1%0.0%0.1%0%0.1%0.1%99.0%
Rhode Island1,093,73468.2%4.7%0.1%3.4%0.0%0.9%5.2%17.6%
South Carolina5,282,63462.5%24.9%0.2%1.7%0.0%0.6%3.6%6.5%
South Dakota909,82479.9%2.0%7.1%1.4%0.1%0.3%4.5%4.7%
Tennessee7,051,33971.9%15.5%0.1%1.9%0.1%0.4%4.0%6.3%
Texas30,029,57238.9%11.7%0.2%5.4%0.1%0.4%3.2%40.2%
Utah3,380,80075.6%1.0%0.7%2.4%1.1%0.4%3.5%15.1%
Vermont647,06490.2%1.0%0.2%1.8%0.0%0.4%4.2%2.3%
Virginia8,683,61958.7%18.4%0.1%6.9%0.1%0.7%4.7%10.4%
Washington7,785,78663.5%3.8%0.9%9.7%0.7%0.7%6.7%14.0%
West Virginia1,775,15689.8%3.3%0.1%0.7%0.0%0.3%3.8%1.9%
Wisconsin5,892,53979.0%5.9%0.6%2.9%0.0%0.3%3.7%7.6%
Wyoming581,38181.4%0.7%1.6%0.6%0.1%0.9%3.9%10.8%
Racial breakdown of population in the Insular Areas, 2010[174][175][176][177]
TerritoryPopulation
(2010 est.)		WhiteBlack or
African American		American Indian
and Alaska Native		AsianNative Hawaiian and
Other Pacific Islander		Some other raceTwo or more races
American Samoa55,5190.9%0.0%—3.6%92.6%0.1%2.7%
Guam159,3587.1%1.0%—32.2%49.3%0.3%9.4%
Northern Mariana Islands53,8832.1%0.1%—49.9%34.9%0.2%12.7%
U.S. Virgin Islands106,40515.6%76.0%—1.4%0.0%4.9%2.1%
U.S. Births by race/ethnicity in 2018[178]
YearWhite AloneBlack AloneHispanicNative American AloneAsian AlonePacific Islander Alone
201851.6%14.6%23.4%0.8%6.4%0.3%
Percentage distribution of the U.S. resident population 5 to 17 years old, by race/ethnicity: 2000 and 2017[179]
YearWhiteBlack or
African American		HispanicAsianPacific IslanderAmerican Indian
Alaska Native		Two or more races
200060%15%16%3%—1%2%
201751%14%25%5%—1%4%
Percentage distribution of the U.S. resident population 18 to 24 years old, by race/ethnicity: 2000 and 2017[179]
YearWhiteBlack or
African American		HispanicAsianPacific IslanderAmerican Indian
Alaska Native		Two or more races
200062%14%18%4%—1%1%
201754%14%22%6%—1%3%
Percentage of population between non-Hispanic whites and Minority by age group, 2013[180]
Age group85+80–8475–7970–7465–6960–6455–5950–5445–4940–4435–3930–3425–2920–2415–1910–145–9<5
non-Hispanic white83%81%79%78%77%74%72%69%65%61%58%57%57%56%55%54%52%50%
Minority17%19%21%22%23%26%28%31%35%39%42%43%43%44%45%46%48%50%

Hispanic or Latino origin

[edit]
CensusViewer US 2010 Census Latino Population as a heatmap by census tract
Main article:Hispanic and Latino Americans

The U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defines "Hispanic or Latino" as a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Dominican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race. People who identify with the terms "Hispanic" or "Latino" are those who classify themselves in one of the specific Hispanic or Latino categories listed on the decennial census questionnaire and various Census Bureau survey questionnaires – "Mexican, Mexican Am., Chicano" or "Puerto Rican" or "Cuban" – as well as those who indicate that they are "another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin."[181] People who identify their origin as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.[162]

Hispanic or Latino and RacePopulation (2022 est.)Percentage of total
population
United States population333,287,550100%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)63,553,64019.1%
  White10,735,9413.2%
  Black or African American1,020,6950.3%
  American Indian and Alaska Native1,454,8420.4%
  Asian181,2310.1%
  Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander75,4680.0%
  Some other race22,531,8026.8%
  Two or more races27,453,1628.2%
Not Hispanic or Latino269,733,92080.9%
Population distribution by Hispanic origin 1970–2020 (in %)

Source:U.S. Census Bureau, decennial census of population, 1970 (5-percentsample), 1980 to 2020.[69]

Years197019801990200020102020
Not Hispanic or Latino95.593.691.087.583.781.3
Hispanic or Latino4.56.49.012.516.318.7
Total (%)100100100100100100
Median age of each race alone, 2021 (Hispanic)

Source: United States Census Bureau.[169]

RaceMedian age (both sex) (years)Median age (male) (years)Median age (female) (years)
Total (Hispanic)30.530.230.8
White31.230.931.5
Black or African American27.126.128.2
American Indian and Alaska Native28.429.027.8
Asian26.926.227.7
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander27.828.327.2
Two or More Races21.521.122.0
Median age of each race alone or in combination, 2021 (Hispanic)

Source: United States Census Bureau.[169]

RaceMedian age (both sex) (years)Median age (male) (years)Median age (female) (years)
White30.930.631.1
Black or African American25.324.326.3
American Indian and Alaska Native27.627.827.3
Asian23.022.323.7
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander24.824.924.7

Note: Hispanic origin is considered an ethnicity, not a race. Hispanics may be of any race.

Indigenous peoples

[edit]
Main article:Native Americans in the United States

As of 2020, there are 9,666,058 people identifying asAmerican Indian andAlaska Native people in the United States, including those identifying with more than one race,[182] representing around 3% of the U.S. population. This number includes not only groups indigenous to the United States, but anyIndigenous people of the Americas,[183] includingMesoamerican peoples such as theMaya, as well asCanadian andSouth American natives. In 2022, 634,503 Indigenous people in the United States identified with Central American Indigenous groups, 875,183 identified with theIndigenous people of Mexico, and 47,518 identified with CanadianFirst Nations.[184] Of the 3.2 million Americans who identified as American Indian or Alaska Native alone in 2022, around 45% were ofHispanic or Latino ethnicity,[185][186] with this number growing as increasing numbers of Indigenous people from Latin American countries immigrate to the U.S. and more Latinos self-identify with indigenous heritage. Of groups Indigenous to the contiguous United States, the largest self-reported tribes areCherokee (1,449,888),Navajo (434,910), Choctaw (295,373),Blackfeet (288,255), andSioux (220,739). Additionally, 205,954 identify with anAlaska Native tribe. There are 573federally recognized tribal governments[187] in the United States.[188]

The U.S. Census Bureau classifies Native Hawaiians separately from American Indians and Alaska Natives, grouping them withPacific Islanders instead. According to 2022 estimates, 714,847 Americans identified with Native Hawaiian ancestry.[189]

Other groups

[edit]

Veterans

[edit]

There were 15.8 millionveterans in 2023,[190] with only 6.2% of Americans having served in theArmed Forces.[191] In 2023 the war with the highest number of veterans was the Korean War. Most veterans were male at 14 million and 1.7 million veterans were female.[190]

Illegal/undocumented immigrants

[edit]

In 2010,The Washington Post estimated that there were 11 million undocumented immigrants in the country.[192] In 2017, thePew Research Center reported an estimated 10.5 million undocumented immigrants in the U.S.[193] In 2025, Pew announced that "the number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States reached an all-time high of 14 million in 2023 after two consecutive years of growth".[194]

Prisoners

[edit]

In 2023, an estimated 1,850,595 adults were imprisoned in the United States.[195]

In 2016 it was reported that 92.7% of all prisoners were male, 6.9% female, 0.3% transgender, and 0.1% nonbinary.[196] In 2022, there were 180,684 women incarcerated in U.S. prisons and jails. Most women involved in the country's correctional system were actually under probation, with 717,811 being so classified. Female parolees numbered 76,870, while 87,874 women were held in prisons and 92,900 women were held in jails in 2022.[197]

Some 37% of all federal prisoners were Hispanic, 32% Black/African American, 21% white, and 2% Native American or Alaska Native. Asians, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific islanders made up 2% of the population, while "nearly 7% of federal prisoners identified as two or more races". In state prisons, 34% identified as Black/African American, 32% white, 21% Hispanic, 1% Native American or Alaskan Native, 1% as being either Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, and 11% "identified with two or more races".[196]

Projections

[edit]
U.S. Census Population projections (2023)[198]
20232060
White Americans175.5%72.3%
>Non-Hispanic Whites58.9%44.9%
Black Americans113.6%14.8%
Asian Americans16.3%9.4%
Multiracial Americans13.0%6.1%
Native Americans11.3%1.4%
Pacific Islanders10.3%0.4%
Hispanics/Latinos (of any race)19.1%26.9%
1Including Hispanics

A report by theU.S. Census Bureauprojects a decrease in the ratio of non-Hispanic Whites between 2023 and 2060, a decline from 58.9% of the population to 44.9%.Non-Hispanic Whites are projected to no longer make up a majority of the population by 2050, but will remain the largest single ethnic group. Non-Hispanic whites made up 85% of the population in 1960.[199]

While non-Hispanic whites are projected to become a minority, the total White population (including Hispanics), will remain a majority from 2023 to 2060, falling from 75.5% to 72.3% of the population who are white alone according to the projections.[200] However, these projections are not directly comparable to other Census Bureau data, as they are based on a modified race dataset,[201] which does not include the "some other race" category used in census surveys.[202] Individuals identifying as “some other race” alone or in combination made up 16.2% of the population in 2022,[203] and they are reclassified into recognized race categories in the dataset used for the projections.[204] As a result, there is a significant discrepancy between the share of the white alone population in 2023 according to the projections (75.5%), and the estimated share of white alone (60.9%), as reported by the American Community Survey in 2022.[205]

The report foresees the Hispanic or Latino population rising from 19.1% today to 26.9% by 2060, the Black percentage barely rising from 13.6% to 14.8%, and Asian Americans upping their 6.3% share to 9.4%. The United States had a population of 333 million people in July 2023, and is projected to reach 355  million by 2040 and 364 million in 2060.[206][207][208][209][210] It is further projected that all of the increase in population from 2023 to 2060 will be due toimmigrants.

Of the nation's children in 2060, 64% are expected to be of a minority ethnicity, up from 51% today. Approximately 32% are projected to be Hispanic or Latino (up from 26% in 2023), and 36% are projected to be single-race, non-Hispanic Whites (down from 49% in 2023). Racial and ethnic minorities surpassed non-Hispanic whites as the largest group of U.S. children under 5 years old in 2015.[211]

The fastest growing racial group in America isAsian Americans with a growth rate of 35%, however the multiracial mixed Asian group is growing even faster, with a growth rate of 55%. Multiracial Asians are therefore the fastest growing demographic group in America.[37][36]

In 2020, it was reported that 51.0% of births were to non-Hispanic white mothers.[127] In 2021, the percentage increased to 51.5%.[127][212] However, by 2022 the rate of births to white mothers had declined by 3%, dropping to 50% of all total births. In the same period, the rate of births to Asian and Hispanic women increased by 2% and 6%, respectively.[39][38]

Pew Research Center projections

TheUnited Nations projects a population of just over 400 million in 2060.[citation needed]

Pew Research Center projections (2008)[213]
196020052050
White Americans85%67%47%
Hispanic Americans3.5%14%29%
Black Americans11%13%14%
Asian Americans0.6%5%9%
Note: All races modified and not Hispanic; American Indian/Alaska Native not shown.

The country's racial profile will be vastly different, and although whites will remain the single largest ethnic group in the U.S., they will no longer be a majority excludingWhite Hispanics by 2055 according toPew Research Center. Growth in the Hispanic and Asian populations is predicted to almost triple over the next 40 years. By 2055, the breakdown is estimated to be 48% non-Hispanic white, 24% Hispanic, 16% Black, and 14% Asian.[214]

As of 2015[update], 14% of the United States' population is foreign born, compared to just 5% in 1965. Nearly 39 million immigrants have come to the U.S. since 1965, with most coming from Asia and Latin America. The 2015 Census Report predicts that the percentage of the U.S. population that is foreign-born will continue to increase, reaching 19% by 2060. This increase in the foreign-born population will account for a large share of the overall population growth.[214]

The average person in the U.S. of 2060 is likely to be older than the average person of 2018 today, and it is projected that almost one in four people will be 65 or older.[214]

U.S. Census Census Bureau projections

[edit]
Percent minority 1970–2042 (2008 projections)
[69]
Years197019801990200020102020203020402042
Percent minority (%)16.520.424.430.936.339.944.549.250.1

Note: "Minority" refers to people who reported their ethnicity and race as something other than non-Hispanic White alone in the decennial census.

Total US population
YearProjection (Census Bureau)[207]

(thousands)

Projection (UN)[215]

(thousands)

Actual result
2010310,233309,011308,745,538
2020332,639331,003331,449,281
2030373,504349,642
2040405,655366,572
2050439,010379,419

Self-reported ancestry

[edit]
Most common ancestry group in the United States by county

This table displays all self-reportedancestries with over 50,000 members, alone or in combination, according to estimates from the 2022 American Community Survey. The total population of the US according to the survey was 333,287,550, and 251,732,240 people reported an ancestry. Of these, 175,054,020 reported a single ancestry, and 76,678,224 reported two or more ancestries.[216] Hispanic groups are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry:

Ancestry[217][218][219][220]Number in 2022 (Alone)[221]Number as of 2022 (Alone or in any combination)% Total
Black or African American

(Including Afro-Caribbean and sub-Saharan African)

40,603,65647,859,76014.4%
German13,241,92341,137,16812.3%
Mexican—37,414,77211.2%
English12,331,69631,380,6209.4%
Irish8,649,24330,655,6129.2%
American

(Mostlyold-stock white Americans of British descent)

14,929,89917,786,2145.3%
Italian5,766,63416,009,7744.8%
Polish2,658,6328,249,4912.5%
French

(Not includingFrench Canadian)

1,360,6316,310,5481.9%
Puerto Rican—5,905,1781.8%
Chinese

(Not includingTaiwanese)

4,258,1985,465,4281.6%
Scottish1,555,5795,352,3441.6%
Indian4,534,3394,946,3061.5%
Broadly "European"

(No country specified)

3,718,0554,819,5411.4%
Filipino2,969,9784,466,9181.3%
Swedish740,4783,936,7721.2%
Norwegian1,224,3733,317,4621.0%
Dutch858,8093,019,4650.9%
Indigenous American

(No tribe specified)

493,8372,550,5280.8%
Scotch-Irish940,3372,524,7460.8%
Salvadoran—2,480,5090.7%
Cuban—2,435,5730.7%
Dominican—2,396,7840.7%
Vietnamese1,887,5502,301,8680.7%
OtherHispanic or Latino

(IncludingHispano,Californio,Tejano,Isleño, and unspecifiedHispanic origins)

—2,276,8670.7%
Arab

(IncludingLebanese (583,719),Egyptian (334,574),Syrian (203,282),Palestinian (171,969),Iraqi (164,851),Moroccan (140,196),Jordanian (86,926), and all other Arab ancestries)

1,502,3602,237,9820.7%
Russian747,8662,099,0790.6%
Korean1,501,5872,051,5720.6%
Spanish

(Including responses of "Spaniard," "Spanish," and "Spanish American." ManyHispanos ofNew Mexico identify as Spanish/Spaniard)

—1,926,2280.6%
Guatemalan—1,878,5990.6%
Broadly “African”

(Not further specified)

1,297,6681,721,1080.5%
French Canadian694,0891,626,4560.5%
Japanese717,4131,587,0400.5%
Welsh293,5511,521,5650.5%
Colombian—1,451,2710.4%
Cherokee239,2241,449,8880.4%
Portuguese543,5311,350,4420.4%
Hungarian390,5611,247,1650.4%
Jamaican903,5161,234,3360.4%
Honduran—1,219,2120.4%
Greek486,8781,200,7060.4%
Broadly“British”

(Not further specified)

503,0771,196,2650.4%
Czech340,7681,188,7110.4%
Ukrainian565,4311,164,7280.3%
Haitian937,3731,138,8550.3%
Danish268,0191,127,5180.3%
Broadly "Eastern European"

(Not further specified)

566,715951,3840.3%
Broadly "Scandinavian"

(Not further specified)

372,673935,1530.3%
Indigenous Mexican548,717875,1830.3%
Ecuadorian—870,9650.3%
Swiss196,120847,2470.3%
Venezuelan—814,0800.2%
Peruvian—751,5190.2%
Native Hawaiian185,466714,8470.2%
Nigerian532,438712,2940.2%
Indigenous Central American

(Mayan, etc)

315,313634,5030.2%
Pakistani560,494625,5700.2%
Finnish189,603606,0280.2%
Slovak186,902602,9490.2%
Lithuanian167,355598,5080.2%
Broadly "Asian"

(Not further specified)

218,730591,8060.2%
Austrian123,987584,5170.2%
Brazilian389,082546,7570.2%
Canadian249,309542,4590.2%
Iranian392,051519,6580.2%
Nicaraguan—488,0800.1%
Armenian282,012458,8410.1%
Othersub-Saharan African

All sub-Saharan African origins other those already listed +Ugandan (35,849),Senegalese (31,462), andZimbabwean (17,991)

325,963452,0030.1%
Romanian251,069450,7510.1%
Navajo328,434434,9100.1%
Broadly "Northern European"

(No country specified)

273,675434,2920.1%
Croatian128,623389,2720.1%
Ethiopian348,332387,8800.1%
Cambodian280,862376,0960.1%
Hmong335,612362,2440.1%
Thai197,158328,1760.1%
Taiwanese263,772324,3890.1%
Belgian96,361316,4930.1%
Argentine—304,5410.09%
Choctaw90,321295,3730.09%
Bangladeshi256,681272,3380.08%
Central Asian

Not includingKazakh (21,913) orUzbek (52,304)

186,393269,2550.08%
Samoan123,150264,3920.08%
Nepali247,639260,3230.08%
OtherPacific Islander

(Pacific Islander origin without a specifiedMelanesian,Polynesian, orMicronesian group)

43,135251,8060.08%
Guyanese182,088250,4670.08%
Broadly "West Indian"

(No country specified)

130,229245,8670.07%
Laotian173,524245,2200.07%
Burmese225,591244,0860.07%
Trinidadian167,746243,5410.07%
Panamanian—242,0350.07%
Turkish168,354239,6670.07%
Pennsylvania German155,563228,6340.07%
"Czechoslovakian"

(Not further specified)

79,992227,2170.07%
Albanian182,625223,9840.07%
Sioux100,575220,7390.07%
Ghanian179,527217,3220.07%
Chippewa/Ojibwe87,888206,2240.06%
Alaska Native

(Including all tribes)

107,877205,9540.06%
Chilean—199,9480.06%
"Yugoslavian"

(Not further specified)

129,759198,6870.06%
Apache73,085191,8230.06%
Serbian96,388191,5380.06%
Afghan169,255189,4930.06%
Costa Rican—186,1590.06%
Somali151,206164,7230.05%
Indonesian84,074155,1730.05%
Slovene48,809153,5890.05%
Chamorro

(10,194 additionally reported their ancestry as "Guamanian" alone, and 25,888 reported "Guamanian" alone or in combination)

74,138152,0060.05%
Israeli80,336144,2020.04%
Bolivian—142,1080.04%
Broadly "Slavic"

(No country specified)

57,491140,9560.04%
Kenyan98,938122,1310.04%
Creek/Muscogee36,446119,8500.04%
"British West Indian"

(No country/territory specified)

74,833109,3440.03%
Iroqouis30,095107,8390.03%
Bulgarian75,386106,8960.03%
Cape Verdean71,306104,7100.03%
South African64,89098,3090.03%
Assyrian64,34993,5420.03%
Liberian76,08792,6510.03%
Latvian33,74291,8590.03%
Cajun59,04691,7060.03%
Indigenous South American28,81391,5080.03%
Australian37,18088,9990.03%
Lumbee58,22681,6450.02%
Pueblo49,20181,4190.02%
OtherMicronesian

(All Micronesian groups otherthan Chamorro/Guamanian,Chuukese (12,567), or Marshallese)

62,82979,8790.02%
Tongan41,53079,8260.02%
Uruguayan—77,1800.02%
Sri Lankan58,21075,8080.02%
Chickasaw23,67072,6010.02%
Sudanese64,58671,7880.02%
Yaqui35,44271,0630.02%
Belizean42,02867,3290.02%
Macedonian39,58665,1070.02%
Basque24,21962,7310.02%
Barbadian37,97462,3560.02%
Bahamian31,77756,9280.02%
Icelandic18,97853,4150.02%
Fijian35,78853,2500.02%
Uzbek25,84952,3040.02%
Mongolian—51,9540.02%
Marshallese43,54851,1190.02%

Religion

[edit]
Main article:Religion in the United States

Religious affiliations

[edit]
Religion in the United States (2023)[222]
  1. Protestantism (39.0%)
  2. Catholicism (19.0%)
  3. Mormon (2.00%)
  4. Other Christian (2.00%)
  5. Jewish (2.00%)
  6. Muslim (1.00%)
  7. Buddhist (1.00%)
  8. Hindu (1.00%)
  9. Other religion (3.00%)
  10. Unaffiliated (29.0%)
  11. Refused (1.00%)

The table below is based mainly on selected data as reported to theUnited States Census Bureau. It only includes the voluntary self-reported membership of religious bodies with 750,000 or more. The definition of a member is determined by each religious body.[223] In 2004[update], the US census bureau reported that about 13% of the population did not identify themselves as a member of any religion.[224][clarification needed]

According to data from Pew Research, Americans are significantly more religious on average than populations in other developedWestern nations, with 55% of Americans reporting praying daily, compared to only 25% of Canadians, 18% of Australians, 6% of British people, and 22% of Europeans as a whole.[225] The country has a smaller share of unaffiliated or atheist population than most other Western nations. However, this population has been growing significantly in recent decades. Surveys conducted in 2014 and 2019 by Pew indicated that the percentage of Americans unaffiliated with a religion increased from 16% in 2007 to 23% in 2014 and 26% of the population in 2019.[226][227] A Pew Research Survey performed in 2012 found that the number of Americans without a religion was approaching the number of Evangelical Protestants, and estimated that if the current growth rate in irreligion continued, around 51% of Americans will not have a religion by 2050.[228]

According to statistical data made by thePew Research Center in 2023 about 62% of the US population is Christian, 29% is Unaffiliated, 2% is Jewish, 1% follows Buddhism, 1% follows Hinduism, 1% follows Islam and 3% follow traditional religions and others.[229] Currently, the United States has the largest Christian population in the world (approximately 210 million) and the largestProtestant Christian population (approximately 130 million). The country also has the second largest Jewish community in the world (after Israel) and the largest Buddhist and Hindu communities in the West, as well as the largest number of followers of Islam in North America. The country has about 99 million non-affiliates (only China and Japan have more).

Chart:
Religious bodyYear
reported		Places of
worship		Membership
(thousands)		Clergy
!a0000−9999−9999−9999
African Methodist Episcopal Church1999no data2,5007,741
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church20023,2261,4313,252
American Baptist Association20091,600[230]100[230]1,740
Amish, Old Order19938982273,592
American Baptist Churches USA20175,0571,146[231]4,145
Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America199822065263
Armenian Apostolic Church20101531,000200
Armenian Catholic Church201036
Assemblies of God201813,017[232]1,857[232]38,199[232]
Baptist Bible Fellowship International20104,000[233]1,100[233]4,190[233]
Baptist General Conference1998876141no data
Baptist Missionary Association of America20101,272[234]138[234]1,525
Buddhism2001no data1,082no data
Christian and Missionary Alliance, The19981,9643461,629
Christian Brethren (Plymouth Brethren)19971,150100no data
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)20183,624382[235]2,066
Christian churches and churches of Christ19985,5791,0725,525
Christian Congregation, Inc., The19981,4381171,436
Christian Methodist Episcopal Church19832,340719no data
Christian Reformed Church in North America1998733199655
Church of God in Christ199115,3005,50028,988
Church of God of Prophecy19971,908772,000
Church of God (Anderson, IN)19982,3532343,034
Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)19956,0607533,121
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints201414,0186,46638,259
Church of the Brethren2019978[236]99[236]827
Church of the Nazarene19985,1016274,598
Churches of Christ201911,989[237]1,116[237]14,500
Conservative Baptist Association of America19981,200200no data
Community of Christ19981,23614019,319
Coptic Orthodox Church20032001,000200
Covenant Order of Evangelical Presbyterians2012383130500
Cumberland Presbyterian Church199877487630
Episcopal Church20186,423[238]1,676[238]8,131
Evangelical Covenant Church, The199862897607
Evangelical Free Church of America, The19951,2242431,936
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America20189,091[239]3,363[239]9,646
Evangelical Presbyterian Church1998187145[240]262
Free Methodist Church of North America199899073no data
Full Gospel Fellowship19998962752,070
General Association of General Baptists1997790721,085
General Association of Regular Baptist Churches19981,415102no data
U.S. Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches199636882590
Grace Gospel Fellowship199212860160
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America2006560[241]1,500[241]840[241]
Hinduism2001no data766no data
Independent Fundamental Churches of America199965962no data
International Church of the Foursquare Gospel19981,8512384,900
International Council of Community Churches1998150250182
International Pentecostal Holiness Church19981,7161771507
Islam2011no data2,600no data
Jainismno datano data50no data
Jehovah's Witnesses201413,8711,243no data
Judaism20063,7276,588no data
Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, The20176,046[242]1,969[242]6,055[242]
Macedonian Orthodox Church – Ohrid Archbishopric20101950no data
Mennonite Church USA2005943114no data
National Association of Congregational Christian Churches199841667534
National Association of Free Will Baptists20072,369[243]186[243]3,915[243]
National Baptist Convention of America, Inc.19872,5003,5008,000
National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.199233,0008,20032,832
National Missionary Baptist Convention of America2004300[244]400[244]no data
Orthodox Church in America2010750[245]131[245]970[245]
Pentecostal Assemblies of the World, Inc.19981,7501,5004,500
Pentecostal Church of God19981,237104no data
Pentecostal Church International, United200828,3514,03722,881
Presbyterian Church in America19971,340385[246]1,642
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)20189,161[247]1,245[248]19,243[247]
Progressive National Baptist Convention, Inc.20171,200[244]1,500[244]no data
Reformed Church in America2018902200[249]915
Religious Society of Friends19941,200104no data
Roman Catholic Church200219,48466,40450,017 (1997)[250]
Romanian Orthodox Episcopate1996376537
Salvation Army, The19981,3884712,920
Scientology20051,30055[251]1
Serbian Orthodox Church1986686760
Seventh-day Adventist Church19984,4058402,454
Sikhism199924480no data
Southern Baptist Convention201947,530[252]14,525[252]71,520
Unitarian Universalism2001no data629no data
United Church of Christ20165,0008805,868
United House of Prayer for All Peopleno data10025no data
United Methodist Church, The201836,1706,672[253]no data
Wesleyan Church, The19981,5901201,806
Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod20181,281[254]359[254]1,222
Zoroastrianism2006no data11no data
~z9999999999999999999999999999
  • Religious affiliation within each state that has the largest deviation compared to the national average, 2001
    Religious affiliation within each state that has the largest deviation compared to the national average, 2001
  • Percentage of state populations that identify with a religion rather than "no religion", 2014
    Percentage of state populations that identify with a religion rather than "no religion", 2014
  • Plurality religion by state, 2001. Data is unavailable for Alaska and Hawaii.
    Plurality religion by state, 2001. Data is unavailable for Alaska and Hawaii.

According toPew Research Center study released in 2018, by 2040, Islam will surpass Judaism to become the second largest religion in the US due to higher immigration and birth rates.[255]

Religions of U.S. adults

[edit]
Main article:Religion in the United States

The United States government does not collect religious data in its census. The survey below, theAmerican Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) 2008, was a random digit-dialed telephonesurvey of 54,461 American residential households in thecontiguous United States. The 1990 sample size was 113,723; 2001 sample size was 50,281.

Adult respondents were asked theopen-ended question, "What is your religion, if any?". Interviewers did not prompt or offer a suggested list of potential answers. The religion of the spouse or partner was also asked. If the initial answer was "Protestant" or "Christian" further questions were asked to probe which particular denomination. About one-third of the sample was asked more detailed demographic questions.

Religious Self-Identification of the U.S. Adult Population: 1990, 2001, 2008[256]
Figures are not adjusted for refusals to reply; investigators suspect refusals are possibly more representative of "no religion" than any other group.

Source:ARIS 2008[256]
Group1990
adults
× 1,000		2001
adults
× 1,000		2008
adults
× 1,000
Numerical
Change
1990–
2008
as %
of 1990		1990
% of
adults		2001
% of
adults		2008
% of
adults		change
in % of
total
adults
1990–
2008
Adult population, total175,440207,983228,18230.1%
Adult population, Responded171,409196,683216,36726.2%97.7%94.6%94.8%−2.9%
Total Christian151,225159,514173,40214.7%86.2%76.7%76.0%−10.2%
Catholic46,00450,87357,19924.3%26.2%24.5%25.1%−1.2%
Non-Catholic Christian105,221108,641116,20310.4%60.0%52.2%50.9%−9.0%
Baptist33,96433,82036,1486.4%19.4%16.3%15.8%−3.5%
Mainline Protestant32,78435,78829,375−10.4%18.7%17.2%12.9%−5.8%
Methodist14,17414,03911,366−19.8%8.1%6.8%5.0%−3.1%
Lutheran9,1109,5808,674−4.8%5.2%4.6%3.8%−1.4%
Presbyterian4,9855,5964,723−5.3%2.8%2.7%2.1%−0.8%
Episcopalian/Anglican3,0433,4512,405−21.0%1.7%1.7%1.1%−0.7%
United Church of Christ4381,37873668.0%0.2%0.7%0.3%0.1%
Christian Generic25,98022,54632,44124.9%14.8%10.8%14.2%−0.6%
Jehovah's Witness1,3811,3311,91438.6%0.8%0.6%0.8%0.1%
Christian Unspecified8,07314,19016,384102.9%4.6%6.8%7.2%2.6%
Non-denominational Christian1942,4898,0324040.2%0.1%1.2%3.5%3.4%
Protestant – Unspecified17,2144,6475,187−69.9%9.8%2.2%2.3%−7.5%
Evangelical/Born Again5461,0882,154294.5%0.3%0.5%0.9%0.6%
Pentecostal/Charismatic5,6477,8317,94840.7%3.2%3.8%3.5%0.3%
Pentecostal – Unspecified3,1164,4075,41673.8%1.8%2.1%2.4%0.6%
Assemblies of God6171,10581031.3%0.4%0.5%0.4%0.0%
Church of God59094366312.4%0.3%0.5%0.3%0.0%
Other Protestant Denomination4,6305,9497,13154.0%2.6%2.9%3.1%0.5%
Seventh-day Adventist66872493840.4%0.4%0.3%0.4%0.0%
Churches of Christ1,7692,5931,9218.6%1.0%1.2%0.8%−0.2%
Mormon/Latter-Day Saints2,4872,6973,15827.0%1.4%1.3%1.4%0.0%
Total non-Christian religions5,8537,7408,79650.3%3.3%3.7%3.9%0.5%
Jewish3,1372,8372,680−14.6%1.8%1.4%1.2%−0.6%
Eastern Religions6872,0201,961185.4%0.4%1.0%0.9%0.5%
Buddhist4041,0821,189194.3%0.2%0.5%0.5%0.3%
Muslim5271,1041,349156.0%0.3%0.5%0.6%0.3%
New Religious Movements & Others1,2961,7702,804116.4%0.7%0.9%1.2%0.5%
None/ No religion, total14,33129,48134,169138.4%8.2%14.2%15.0%6.8%
Agnostic+Atheist1,1861,8933,606204.0%0.7%0.9%1.6%0.9%
Did Not Know/ Refused to reply4,03111,30011,815193.1%2.3%5.4%5.2%2.9%
  • States in the United States by Catholic population according to the Pew Research Center 2014 Religious Landscape Survey.[257] States with Catholic population greater than the United States as a whole are in full red.
    States in the United States byCatholic population according to thePew Research Center 2014 Religious Landscape Survey.[257] States with Catholic population greater than the United States as a whole are in full red.
  • States in the United States by Evangelical Protestant population according to the Pew Research Center 2014 Religious Landscape Survey.[257] States with Evangelical Protestant populations greater than the United States as a whole are in full orange.
    States in the United States byEvangelical Protestant population according to the Pew Research Center 2014 Religious Landscape Survey.[257] States with Evangelical Protestant populations greater than the United States as a whole are in full orange.

LGBTQ population

[edit]
Main article:LGBTQ demographics of the United States

The United States Census Bureau does not measure sexual orientation but plans are in place to start measuring it starting in 2027 with the American Community Survey.[258] In 2024, Gallup reported that 9.3% of adults were LGBTQ. The percentage of people who have reported being LGBTQ has risen during the 2010s and 2020s. Of LGBTQ adults in the United States, the most common identification wasbisexual, with 56.3% of LGBTQ adults identifying as bisexual; bisexual people made up 5.2% of the adult U.S. population. The survey also reported that 13.9% of LGBTQ adults were transgender and made up 1.3% of the U.S. adult population.[259]

In June 2023, UCLA's Williams Institute reported that there were approximately 823,000 same-sex couples in the United States. Also according to the institute, most same-sex couples were female at 53% and males were 47% of same-sex couples.[260]

Migration

[edit]

Immigration

[edit]
Main article:United States immigration statistics
Main article:Immigration to the United States

Foreign-born population

[edit]
In recent decades, the U.S. has grown from having 9% (1990) to 15% (2020) of the population being born abroad.[261] The slopes of the tops of the differently-colored columns show the rate of percent increase in foreign-born people living in the respective countries.
Foreign born population percentage in the US over time from 1850 to 2020

As of 2017, an estimated 44,525,458 residents of the United States were foreign-born,[262] 13.5% of the country's total population. This demographic includes recent as well as longstanding immigrants; statistically Europeans have resided in the US longer than those from other regions with approximately 66% having arrived prior to 2000.[263]

Place of birth of the foreign-born population in the United States, 2017[262]
Place of birthEstimatePercentage of total foreign-born people
Americas23,241,95952.2%
Caribbean4,414,9439.9%
>Cuba1,311,8033.0%
>Dominican Republic1,162,5682.6%
Central America (including Mexico)14,796,92633.2%
>Mexico11,269,91325.3%
>El Salvador1,401,8323.2%
South America3,213,1877.2%
Canada809,2671.8%
Europe4,818,66210.8%
Northern Europe941,7962.1%
Western Europe949,5912.1%
Southern Europe761,3901.7%
Eastern Europe2,153,8554.8%
Asia13,907,84431.2%
Eastern Asia4,267,3039.6%
>China2,639,3655.9%
>Korea1,064,9602.4%
South Central Asia4,113,0139.2%
>India2,348,6875.3%
South Eastern Asia4,318,6479.8%
>Philippines1,945,3454.4%
>Vietnam1,314,9273.0%
Western Asia1,159,8352.6%
Africa2,293,0285.2%
Eastern Africa693,7841.6%
Middle Africa163,3640.4%
Northern Africa359,5590.8%
Southern Africa116,2970.2%
Western Africa837,2901.9%
Oceania263,9650.6%
Australia andNew Zealand Subregion123,0800.3%

Immigration (2023)

[edit]
Immigrants in theUnited States[264]
CountryImmigrants
Mexico10,918,205
India2,910,042
China2,193,250
Philippines2,051,900
El Salvador1,494,869
Cuba1,450,808
Vietnam1,365,841
Dominican Republic1,265,231
Guatemala1,250,053
Colombia1,049,821

In 2017, out of the U.S. foreign-born population, some 45% (20.7 million) were naturalized citizens, 27% (12.3 million) were lawful permanent residents (including many eligible to become citizens), 6% (2.2 million) were temporary lawful residents, and 23% (10.5 million) were unauthorized immigrants.[265] The Pew Research Center estimated that "the number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States reached an all-time high of 14 million in 2023 after two consecutive years of growth".[266]

Among current living immigrants to the U.S., the top five countries of birth are Mexico (25% of immigrants), China (6%), India (6%), the Philippines (5%) andEl Salvador (3%). Some 13% of current living immigrants come from Europe and Canada, and 10% from the Caribbean.[265] Among new arrivals, Asian immigrants have been more numerous than Hispanic immigrants since 2010; in 2017, 37.4% of immigrant arrivals were Asian, and 26.6% were Hispanic.[265] Until 2017 and 2018, the United States led the world inrefugee resettlement for decades, admitting more refugees than the rest of the world combined.[267] From fiscal year 1980 until 2017, 55% of refugees came from Asia, 27% from Europe, 13% from Africa, and 4% from Latin America, fleeing war and persecution.[267]

  • Net migration rate (2024): 3 migrants/1,000 population.[7] Country comparison to the world: 38th[7]
  • Net migration rate* (2020-2021): 0.73 migrants/1,000 population.[268]

*(mid-year estimates)

As of 2017, 13.6% (44.4 million) of the population was foreign-born – an increase from 4.7% in 1970 but less than the 1890 record of 14.8%. Some 45% of the foreign-born population were naturalized US citizens. Around 23% (10.3 million) of the foreign-born community isundocumented, accounting for 3.2% of the total population.[265] According to the 2010 census, Latin America and the Caribbean is the largest region-of-birth group, accounting for 53% of the foreign-born population. As of 2018, this region is still the largest source of immigrants to the United States.[269][270][271] In 2018, there were almost 90 million immigrants and U.S. born children of immigrants (second-generation Americans) in the United States, accounting for 28% of the overall U.S. population.[272] In 2018, 1,096,611 immigrants were granted either permanent or temporary legal residence in the United States[273]

Inflow of New Legal Permanent Residents Sending Countries, 2023
Country2023
Mexico180,530
Cuba81,600
India78,070
Dominican Republic68,870
China59,260
Philippines49,200
Vietnam36,000
Afghanistan30,300
Brazil28,880
El Salvador26,210
Colombia24,810
Jamaica21,460
Bangladesh18,910
Venezuela18,440
Nigeria15,790
South Korea15,770
Guatemala15,690
Haiti15,450
Honduras14,140
Peru12,580
  Nepal11,930
Canada11,870
Russia11,570
Iran11,450
Ecuador11,300
Ukraine11,250
Pakistan11,110
Egypt10,190
United Kingdom9,720
Turkey7,330
Jordan7,140
Ghana6,910
Ethiopia6,510
Morocco6,170
Cameroon6,010
Guyana5,860
Yemen5,580
Uzbekistan5,550
Taiwan5,300
Thailand5,230
Albania5,160
Algeria5,150
Kenya5,080
Argentina5,050
Democratic Republic of the Congo4,880
Armenia4,720
Germany4,550
France4,480
Japan4,060
Myanmar3,970
Iraq3,960
Nicaragua3,870
South Africa3,850
Syria3,680
Israel3,650
Lebanon3,650
Italy3,470
Spain3,350
Sudan3,340
Poland3,170
Saudi Arabia3,040
Kazakhstan2,900
Australia2,790
Georgia2,690
Kyrgyzstan2,680
Belarus2,600
Liberia2,590
Trinidad and Tobago2,590
Costa Rica2,490
Cambodia2,470
Hong Kong2,290
Sri Lanka2,270
Chile2,200
Togo2,100
Tajikistan2,090
Indonesia1,930
Sierra Leone1,870
Cape Verde1,860
Romania1,860
Rwanda1,850
United Arab Emirates1,840
Tanzania1,820
Ivory Coast1,700
Malaysia1,700
Uganda1,660
Bolivia1,580
Guinea1,540
Moldova1,540
Eritrea1,520
Soviet Union (former)1,440
Senegal1,400
Azerbaijan1,370
Ireland1,340
Zimbabwe1,310
Somalia1,230
Netherlands1,210
Kuwait1,170
Gambia1,080
Kosovo1,040
Greece1,020
Panama1,010
Bulgaria960
Fiji960
Libya920
North Macedonia920
Portugal890
Singapore880
Bahamas870
Uruguay870
Burundi840
Sweden820
Burkina Faso810
Hungary810
Mongolia810
Laos730
Unknown730
New Zealand720
Turkmenistan720
Benin710
Belize700
Serbia690
Belgium670
Qatar660
Tunisia660
 Switzerland620
Angola570
Saint Lucia560
Mali540
Serbia and Montenegro (former)540
Czech Republic530
Lithuania530
Zambia480
Republic of the Congo470
Bosnia and Herzegovina460
Grenada450
Paraguay450
Denmark430
Dominica390
Mauritania390
Austria380
Montenegro340
Slovakia330
Finland320
Norway310
Barbados300
Chad270
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines260
Antigua and Barbuda250
Croatia250
Tonga250
Latvia240
United States220
Bhutan210
Oman210
Bahrain200
Malawi200
Niger200
Samoa170
Djibouti160
Gabon160
Saint Kitts and Nevis150
Estonia140
Suriname140
Central African Republic110
Cyprus110
Namibia100
Slovenia100
South Sudan100
Macau90
Bermuda80
Madagascar80
Mozambique70
Czechoslovakia (former)60
Equatorial Guinea60
Iceland60
Luxembourg60
Mauritius60
Botswana50
Cayman Islands50
Guinea-Bissau50
Sint Maarten50
Turks and Caicos Islands50
All other countries50
Aruba40
Curaçao40
Maldives40
Malta40
Papua New Guinea40
British Virgin Islands40
Brunei30
Anguilla20
Eswatini20
French Polynesia20
North Korea20
Lesotho20
Federated States of Micronesia20
Comoros10
Marshall Islands10
Monaco10
Montserrat10
Nauru10
Netherlands Antilles (former)10
Palau10
Saint Martin10
São Tomé and Príncipe10
Seychelles10
Inflow of New Legal Permanent Residents by Region, 2021[274]
Region2021
Americas311,806
Asia295,306
Africa66,211
Europe61,521
Oceania4,147
Not Specified1,011
Total707,362
Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status by Type and Major Class of Admission[275]
Class of Admission (Adjustments of Status and New Arrivals)2021
Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens385,396
Family-sponsored preferences65,690
Employment-based preferences193,338
Diversity15,145
Refugees35,847
Asylees20,550
Parolees13
Children born abroad to alien residents75
Certain Iraqis and Afghans employed by U.S. Government and their spouses and children8,303
Cancellation of removal5,017
Victims of human trafficking942
Victims of crimes and their spouses and children9,257
Other429

Emigration and Expatriation

[edit]
Further information:Emigration from the United States

As of April 2015, the U.S. State Department estimated that 8.7 million American citizens live overseas. Americans living abroad are not counted in the U.S. Census unless they are federal government employees or dependents of a federal employee.[276] A 2010 paper estimated the number of civilian Americans living abroad to be around 4 million.[277] So-called "accidental Americans" are citizens of a country other than the United States who mayalso be considered U.S. citizens or be eligible forU.S. citizenship underspecific laws but are not aware of having such status (or became aware of it only recently).[278]

As of 2022, 1.6 million Americans live inMexico, according to the State Department.[279]

Economics

[edit]
See also:Economy of the United States

Income

[edit]
Main articles:Household income in the United States,Personal income in the United States,Affluence in the United States, andIncome inequality in the United States

In 2020, themedian household income in the United States was around $67,521, 2.9 percent less than the 2019 median of $69,560.[280] Household and personal income depends on variables such as race, number ofincome earners, educational attainment and marital status.

Median household income by selected characteristics[281]
Type of householdRace and Hispanic originRegion
All householdsFamily
households		Nonfamily
households		AsianNon-Hispanic WhiteHispanic
(of any race)		BlackNortheastMidwestSouthWest
$70,784$91,162$41,797$101,418$77,999$57,981$48,297$77,422$71,129$63,368$79,430
Median household income by selected characteristics cont.
Age of HouseholderNativity of HouseholderMetropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) StatusEducational Attainment of Householder*
Under 65 years65 years and olderNative-bornForeign-bornInside MSAOutside MSANo high school diplomaHigh school, no collegeSome collegeBachelor's degree or higher
$80,734$47,620$71,522$66,043$73,823$53,750$30,378$50,401$64,378$115,456
*Householders aged 25 and older. In 2021, the median household income for this group was $72,046.
Median earnings by work status and sex (Persons, aged 15 years and older with earnings)
Total workersFull-Time, year-round workers
Both sexesMaleFemaleBoth sexesMaleFemale
$45,470$50,983$39,201$56,473$61,180$51,226
2020 Median earnings & household income byeducational attainment[282][283]
MeasureOverallLess than 9th gradeSome High SchoolHigh school graduateSome collegeAssociate's degreeBachelor's degree or higherBachelor's degreeMaster's degreeProfessional degreeDoctorate degree
Persons, age 25+ w/ earnings*$46,985$25,162$26,092$34,540$39,362$42,391$66,423$60,705$71,851$102,741$101,526
Male, age 25+ w/ earnings*$52,298$30,089$31,097$40,852$47,706$52,450$80,192$71,666$91,141$126,584$121,956
Female, age 25+ w/ earnings*$40,392$18,588$19,504$27,320$31,837$36,298$57,355$51,154$62,522$92,780$85,551
Persons, age 25+, employed full-time$59,371$33,945$34,897$42,417$50,640$52,285$77,105$71,283$82,183$130,466$119,552
Household$69,228$29,609$29,520$47,405$60,392$68,769$106,936$100,128$114,900$151,560$142,493
*Total work experience
Household income distribution
10th percentile20th percentile30th percentile40th percentile50th percentile60th percentile70th percentile80th percentile90th percentile95th percentile
≤ $15,700≤ $28,000≤ $40,500≤ $55,000$70,800≤ $89,700≤ $113,200≤ $149,100≤ $212,100≤ $286,300
Source: US Census Bureau, 2021; income statistics for the year 2021
  • Counties in the United States by the percentage of the over 25-year-old population with bachelor's degrees according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[284] Counties with higher percentages of bachelor's degrees than the United States as a whole are in full orange.
    Counties in the United States by the percentage of the over 25-year-old population withbachelor's degrees according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[284] Counties with higher percentages of bachelor's degrees than the United States as a whole are in full orange.
  • States in the United States by the percentage of the over 25-year-old population with bachelor's degrees according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[284] States with higher percentages of bachelor's degrees than the United States as a whole are in full orange.
    States in the United States by the percentage of the over 25-year-old population with bachelor's degrees according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[284] States with higher percentages of bachelor's degrees than the United States as a whole are in full orange.
  • Counties in the United States by per capita income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[285] Counties with per capita incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.
    Counties in the United States by per capita income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[285] Counties with per capita incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.
  • States in the United States by per capita income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[285] States with per capita incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.
    States in the United States by per capita income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[285] States with per capita incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.
  • Counties in the United States by median nonfamily household income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[285] Counties with median nonfamily household incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.
    Counties in the United States by median nonfamily household income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[285] Counties with median nonfamily household incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.
  • States in the United States by median nonfamily household income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[285] States with median nonfamily household incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.
    States in the United States by median nonfamily household income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[285] States with median nonfamily household incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.
  • Counties in the United States by median family household income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[285] Counties with median family household incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.
    Counties in the United States by median family household income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[285] Counties with median family household incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.
  • States in the United States by median family household income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[285] States with median family household incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.
    States in the United States by median family household income according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2013–2017 5-Year Estimates.[285] States with median family household incomes higher than the United States as a whole are in full green.

Economic class

[edit]
Main article:Social class in the United States
See also:List of United States counties by per capita income

Social classes in the United States lack distinct boundaries and may overlap. Even their existence (when distinguished from economic strata) is controversial. The following table provides a summary of some prominent academic theories on the stratification of American society:

Academic class models
Dennis Gilbert, 2002William Thompson & Joseph Hickey, 2005Leonard Beeghley, 2004
ClassTypical characteristicsClassTypical characteristicsClassTypical characteristics
Capitalist class (1%)Top-level executives, high-rung politicians, heirs. Ivy League education common.Upper class (1%)Top-level executives, celebrities, heirs; income of $500,000+ common. Ivy League education common.The super-rich (0.9%)Multi-millionaires whose incomes commonly exceed $3.5 million or more; includes celebrities and powerful executives/politicians. Ivy League education common.
Upper middle class[1] (15%)Highly-educated (often with graduate degrees), most commonly salaried, professionals and middle management with large work autonomy.Upper middle class[1] (15%)Highly-educated (often with graduate degrees) professionals & managers with household incomes varying from the high 5-figure range to commonly above $100,000.The rich (5%)Households with net worth of $1 million or more; largely in the form of home equity. Generally have college degrees.
Middle class (plurality/
majority?; ca. 46%)		College-educated workers with considerably higher-than-average incomes and compensation; a man making $57,000 and a woman making $40,000 may be typical.
Lower middle class (30%)Semi-professionals and craftsmen with a roughly average standard of living. Most have some college education and are white-collar.Lower middle class (32%)Semi-professionals and craftsmen with some work autonomy; household incomes commonly range from $35,000 to $75,000. Typically, some college education.
Working class (30%)Clerical and most blue-collar workers whose work is highly routinized. Standard of living varies depending on number of income earners, but is commonly just adequate. High school education.
Working class (32%)Clerical, pink- and blue-collar workers with often low job security; common household incomes range from $16,000 to $30,000. High school education.Working class
(ca. 40–45%)		Blue-collar workers and those whose jobs are highly routinized with low economic security; a man making $40,000 and a woman making $26,000 may be typical. High school education.
Working poor (13%)Service, low-rung clerical and some blue-collar workers. High economic insecurity and risk of poverty. Some high school education.
Lower class (ca. 14–20%)Those who occupy poorly-paid positions or rely on government transfers. Some high school education.
Underclass (12%)Those with limited or no participation in the labor force. Reliant on government transfers. Some high school education.The poor (ca. 12%)Those living below the poverty line with limited to no participation in the labor force; a household income of $18,000 may be typical. Some high school education.
References: Gilbert, D. (2002)The American Class Structure: In An Age of Growing Inequality. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth,ISBN 0534541100. (see alsoGilbert Model);
Thompson, W. & Hickey, J. (2005).Society in Focus. Boston, MA: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon; Beeghley, L. (2004).The Structure of Social Stratification in the United States. Boston, MA: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon.
1 The upper middle class may also be referred to as "Professional class" Ehrenreich, B. (1989).The Inner Life of the Middle Class. NY, NY: Harper-Collins.

Unemployment rate (seasonally adjusted)

[edit]
U.S. unemployment by state in December 2015 (official, or U3 rate)[286]
  <3.0%
  <3.5%
  <4.0%
  <4.5%
  <5.0%
  <5.5%
  <6.0%
  <6.5%
  ≥6.5%
U.S. Unemployment Rate by Year (U3 Rate)
YearUnemployment Rate
As of May 2025[update]4.2%[287]
As of July 2024[update]4.2%[288]
As of July 2023[update]3.5%[288]
As of July 2022[update]3.5%[288]
As of July 2021[update]5.4%[288]
As of July 2020[update]10.2%[288]
As of July 2019[update]3.7%[288]
As of July 2018[update]3.7%[288]
As of July 2017[update]4.3%[289]
As of July 2016[update]4.9%[289]
As of July 2015[update]5.3%[290]
As of July 2014[update]6.2%[289]

TheU6 unemployment rate as of April 2017[update] was 8.6 percent.[291] The U6 unemployment rate counts not only people without work seeking full-time employment (the more familiar U3 rate), but also counts "marginally attached workers and those working part-time for economic reasons." Some of these part-time workers counted as employed by U6 could be working as little as an hour a week. And the "marginally attached workers" include those who have become discouraged and stopped looking, but still want to work. The age considered for this calculation is 16 years and over.

Urban Americans have more job opportunities than those in more rural areas. From 2008 to 2018, 72% of the nation's employment growth occurred in cities with more than one million residents, which account for 56% of the overall population.[292]

Generational cohorts

[edit]
Main article:Generation § List of social generations

A definitive recent study of U.S. generational cohorts was done by Schuman and Scott (2012) in which a broad sample of adults of all ages was asked, "What world events are especially important to you?"[293] They found that 33 events were mentioned with great frequency. When the ages of the respondents were correlated with the expressed importance rankings, seven (some indicated eight or nine) distinct cohorts became evident.

Today the following descriptors are frequently used for these cohorts:

Generational Cohorts
GenerationBirth yearsNotesCitation
Lost Generation1883 – 1900Came of age duringWorld War I; known for disillusionment and questioning oftraditional values.[294]
Greatest Generation1901 – 1927Also called the "G.I. Generation"; fought inWorld War II.[295]
Silent Generation1928 – 1945Grew up during theGreat Depression and World War II; includes most who fought in theKorean War.[296]
Baby boomers1946 – 1964The large generation of children born after World War II to the Greatest and Silent Generations; also called "boomers".[297]
Generation X1965 – 1980Sometimes called the "baby bust" generation due to declining birth rates after thebaby boom.[298]
Millennials1981 – 1996Also known as "Generation Y".[299]
Generation Zc. 1997 – 2012Also known as "zoomers".[300]
Generation AlphaEarly 2010s – mid-2020sFirst generation fully raised in a digital world; children of millennials.[301]

U.S. demographic birth cohorts

[edit]
NumberDate01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,000190019241948197219962020BirthsDeathsNatural ChangeUnited States Population Change
Birth rate, death rate and natural increase rate in the United States 1935–2021

Subdivided groups are present when peak boom years or inverted peak bust years are present, and may be represented by anormal orinverted bell-shaped curve (rather than a straight curve). The boom subdivided cohorts may be considered as "pre-peak" (including peak year) and "post-peak". The year 1957 was the baby boom peak with 4.3 million births and 122.7 fertility rate. Although post-peak births (such as trailing edge boomers) are in decline, and sometimes referred to as a "bust", there are still arelatively large number of births. The dearth-in-birth bust cohorts include those up to the valley birth year, and those including and beyond, leading up to the subsequent normal birth rate. The baby boom began around 1943 to 1946.[302]

From the decline in U.S. birth rates starting in 1958 and the introduction of thebirth control pill in 1960, the Baby Boomer normal distribution curve isnegatively skewed. The trend in birth rates from 1958 to 1961 show a tendency to end late in the decade at approximately 1969, thus returning to levels prior to World War II, with 12 years of rising and 12 years of declining birth rates. Pre-war birth rates were defined as anywhere between 1939 and 1941 by demographers such as the Taeuber's, Philip M. Hauser andWilliam Fielding Ogburn.[303]

Mobility

[edit]

In 2021, 27.1 million Americans said they were living in a different place than a year before, compared to 29.8 million in 2020. This reflects an 8.4% mover rate, the lowest recorded in more than 70 years.[304]

Education

[edit]
[icon]
This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(February 2025)

In 2022 the most common level of highest educational attainment among those 25 years old and up (who were civilian and not institutionalized) was completing high school.[305]

Further information:Educational attainment in the United States

See also

[edit]
This article is part of a series on
Income in the
United States
flagUnited States portal

Lists

[edit]

Income

[edit]

Population

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^includingAlaska (1930),American Samoa (1930, 1970, 2000, 2020),Guam (1930, 1970, 2000, 2020),Hawaii (1930),Northern Mariana Islands (2000, 2020),Panama Canal Zone (1930, 1970),Philippines (1930),Puerto Rico (1930, 1970, 2000, 2020),Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (1970),Virgin Islands (1930, 1970, 2000, 2020), and various largely uninhabitedMinor Outlying Islands
  2. ^Not enumerated in 1930. "Persons of Spanish origin" in 1970.
  3. ^Includes 1,422,533"Mexican" responses.
  4. ^"Negro" in 1930 and 1970.
  5. ^Not enumerated in 1930 or 1970.
  6. ^Includes 74,954"Chinese", 138,834"Japanese", 45,208"Filipino", 3,130"Hindu", 1,860"Korean", 96"Malay", and 18"Siamese" responses.
  7. ^All Americans not of the "White", "Black", or "Indian" races who did not identify as "of Spanish origin".
  8. ^"Indian" in 1930 and 1970.
  9. ^Not enumerated in 1930 or 1970.
  10. ^Includes 660"Hawaiian" and 6"Samoan" responses.
  11. ^Not enumerated in 1930 or 1970.
  12. ^Not enumerated in 1930 or 1970.
  1. ^In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases.

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