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Demographics of Turkey

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Demographics ofTurkey
PopulationIncrease 86,092,168 (31 December 2025)[1]
DensityIncrease 112/km2 (290/sq mi) (2025)[1]
Growth rateIncrease 0.50% (2025)[1]
Birth rateDecrease 11.0 births/1,000 population (2024)
Death ratePositive decrease 5.7 deaths/1,000 population (2024)[2]
Life expectancyIncrease 78.1 years (2024)[3]
 • maleIncrease 75.5 years
 • femaleIncrease 80.7 years
Fertility rateDecrease 1.48 children born/woman (2024)[4]
Infant mortality ratePositive decrease 9.0 deaths/1,000 live births (2024)
Net migration rateDecrease −3.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023)
Age structure
0–14 yearsDecrease 20.4% (male 8,992,538/female 8,538,185)
15–64 yearsIncrease 68.5% (male 29,781,806/female 29,196,580)
65 and overNegative increase 11.1% (male 4,285,090/female 5,297,969) (2025)[1]
Sex ratio
Total1.01 male(s)/female (2025 est.)[5]
At birth1.05 male(s)/female
Under 151.05 male(s)/female
15–64 years1.03 male(s)/female
65 and over0.83 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityTurkish citizen
Major ethnicTurkish (70–75%)[5]
Minor ethnic
Language
OfficialTurkish (87.6%)[6]
Spoken

Demographic features of thepopulation ofTurkey includepopulation density,ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Its estimated population was 86,092,168, of which 1,519,515 were foreign residents as of 31 December 2025, according to theTurkish Statistical Institute.[1] This official population number excludes the registeredSyrian refugees under temporary protection status which have a population of about 2.32 million as of 5 February 2026.[7]

Turks are the largestethnic group, comprising 70–75% of the population whileKurds are the second largest with 19%. The others, includingArmenians,Arabs,Assyrians,Albanians,Bulgarians,Bosniaks,Circassians,Chechens,Georgians,Greeks,Pomaks,Rum,Russians,Romani,Jews,Laz people and others make 6–11% of the population according to a 2016 estimate by theCIA.[8]

The population has been aging in recent years, with just 20.4% falling in the 0–14 age bracket (down from 26.4% in 2007). The population over the age of 65 is 11.1% (up from 7.1% in 2007). As of 2025,[update] the median age of the Turkish population is 34.9 years (up from 28.3 in 2007).[1]According to OECD/World Bank population statistics, from 1990 to 2008 thepopulation growth in Turkey was 16 million or 29%.[9]

Population

[edit]

Historical population

[edit]
Historical population of Turkey
Historical population[10][11]
YearPop.±% p.a.
18908,274,971—    
191012,329,210+2.01%
192713,648,270+0.60%
193516,158,018+2.13%
194017,820,950+1.98%
194518,790,174+1.06%
195020,947,188+2.20%
195524,064,763+2.81%
196027,754,820+2.89%
196531,391,421+2.49%
197035,605,176+2.55%
197540,347,719+2.53%
YearPop.±% p.a.
198044,736,957+2.09%
198550,664,458+2.52%
199056,473,035+2.19%
200067,803,927+1.85%
201073,722,988+0.84%
201578,741,053+1.33%
202083,614,362+1.21%
202184,680,273+1.27%
202285,279,553+0.71%
202385,372,377+0.11%
202485,664,944+0.34%
202586,092,168+0.50%

Urbanization

[edit]
Istanbul has experienced rapid population growth (The gray areas are buildings)

According to the CIA World Factbook

[edit]
  • Urban population: 77.5% of total population (2023)
  • Rate of urbanization: 1.11% annual rate of change (2020–25 est.)[5]

According to TURKSTAT

[edit]
  • Population of densely populated urban areas: 67.5%
  • Population of intermediate density urban areas: 15.8%
  • Population of rural areas: 16.8% (2025)[1]

Age structure

[edit]
Overview of the changing age distribution 1935–2024[12]
YearTotal population
(census;
thousands)		Population by age (%)
0–1415–6465+
193516,158
41.4%
54.7%
3.9%
194017,821
42.1%
54.3%
3.5%
194518,790
39.5%
57.1%
3.3%
195020,947
38.3%
58.4%
3.3%
195524,065
39.4%
57.1%
3.4%
196027,755
41.2%
55.2%
3.5%
196531,391
41.9%
54.1%
4.0%
197035,605
41.8%
53.8%
4.4%
197540,348
40.6%
54.8%
4.6%
198044,737
39.1%
56.1%
4.7%
198550,664
37.6%
58.2%
4.2%
199056,473
35.0%
60.7%
4.3%
200067,804
29.8%
64.5%
5.7%
201073,723
25.6%
67.2%
7.2%
201578,741
24.0%
67.8%
8.2%
202083,614
22.8%
67.7%
9.5%
202586,092
20.4%
68.5%
11.1%

Structure of the population

[edit]
Structure of the population

Structure of the population (20.10.1935):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total7,936,5128,220,93816,157,450100
0–41,431,4411,297,4722,728,91316.89
5–91,211,0311,127,7592,338,79014.47
10–14848,909745,9811,594,8909.87
15–19558,702485,8651,044,5676.47
20–24749,196640,1531,389,3498.60
25–29621,971721,2861,343,2578.31
30–34584,496642,0511,226,5477.59
35–39486,505509,582996,0876.16
40–44323,676473,948797,6244.94
45–49242,922314,860557,7823.45
50–54225,781384,373610,1543.78
55–59162,193195,231357,4242.21
60–64175,346297,375472,7212.93
65–69100,249104,966205,2151.27
70–7490,665125,877216,5421.34
75–7936,28937,97074,2590.46
80–8431,26749,17680,4430.50
85+20,37631,20651,5820.32
Unknown35,49735,80771,3040.44
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–143,491,3813,171,2126,662,59341.23
15–644,130,7884,664,7248,795,51254.44
65+278,846349,195628,0413.89

Structure of the population (20.10.1940):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total8,898,9128,922,03817,820,950100
0–41,386,1641,255,8412,642,00514.83
5–91,417,5651,264,5992,682,16415.05
10–141,189,450989,7072,179,15712.22
15–19828,348698,2681,526,6168.57
20–24524,398517,9001,042,2985.85
25–29684,425704,8881,389,3137.80
30–34617,605715,6031,333,2087.48
35–39589,660567,9851,157,6456.50
40–44465,754530,330996,0845.59
45–49303,224347,903651,1273.65
50–54247,689416,071663,7603.72
55–59175,162216,450391,6122.20
60–64189,814327,319517,1332.90
65–69100,133113,816213,9491.20
70–7483,102131,130214,2321.20
75–7935,80036,81072,6100.41
80–8432,53048,63481,1640.45
85+19,85628,04847,9040.27
Unknown8,23310,73618,9690.11
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–143,993,1793,510,1477,503,32642.10
15–644,626,0795,042,7179,668,79654.26
65+271,421358,438629,8593.53

Structure of the population (22.10.1945):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total9,446,5809,343,59418,790,174100
0–41,286,7051,184,7992,471,50413.15
5–91,348,4461,242,2812,590,72713.79
10–141,284,9521,074,0802,359,03212.56
15–191,048,701931,4611,980,16210.54
20–24789,205691,6801,480,8857.88
25–29484,328619,0691,103,3975.87
30–34731,283699,6571,430,9407.61
35–39607,377578,3901,185,7676.31
40–44542,301558,0001,100,3015.86
45–49401,379378,499779,8784.15
50–54282,856434,107716,9633.82
55–59171,162219,398390,5602.08
60–64199,908349,207549,1152.92
65–6998,664124,606223,2701.19
70–7480,007132,964212,9711.13
75–7930,42238,85269,2740.37
80–8428,83846,22075,0580.40
85+18,75227,21845,9700.24
Unknown11,29413,10624,4000.13
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–143,920,1033,501,1607,421,26339.50
15–645,258,5005,459,46810,717,96857.04
65+256,683369,860626,5433.33

Structure of the population (22.10.1950):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total10,527,08510,420,10320,947,188100
0–41,583,0131,507,3103,090,32314.75
5–91,336,7581,236,7432,573,50112.29
10–141,273,8811,080,7742,354,65511.24
15–191,269,6761,118,2752,387,95111.40
20–24989,606972,9421,962,5489.37
25–29726,276751,6241,477,9007.06
30–34523,466590,5631,114,0295.32
35–39687,486599,7781,287,2646.15
40–44551,330595,4261,146,7565.47
45–49499,143445,245944,3884.51
50–54389,143471,481860,6244.11
55–59214,041260,147474,1882.26
60–64196,827358,825555,6522.65
65–69110,177152,604262,7811.25
70–7483,100138,710221,8101.06
75–7933,98949,32983,3180.40
80–8426,25646,41672,6720.35
85+19,23830,84350,0810.24
Unknown13,67913,06826,7470.12
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–144,193,6523,824,8278,018,47938.28
15–646,046,9946,164,30612,211,30058.30
65+272,760417,902690,6623.30

Structure of the population (23.10.1955):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total12,233,42111,831,34224,064,763100
0–41,982,3281,876,3853,858,71316.03
5–91,674,3611,559,5213,233,88213.44
10–141,293,7491,088,8762,382,6259.90
15–191,246,2881,086,4012,332,6899.69
20–241,208,3121,109,3522,317,6649.63
25–29957,9941,020,0471,978,0418.22
30–34747,870730,1281,477,9986.14
35–39518,633525,0151,043,6484.34
40–44665,731620,5611,286,2925.34
45–49524,193472,397996,5904.14
50–54504,577527,3701,031,9474.29
55–59326,719308,300635,0192.64
60–64242,673386,672629,3452.62
65–69126,235172,553298,7881.24
70–7498,303170,945269,2481.12
75–7942,53961,169103,7080.43
80–8431,40858,66390,0710.38
85+22,21938,37460,5930.25
Unknown19,28918,61337,9020.16
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–144,950,4384,524,7829,475,22039.37
15–646,942,9906,786,24313,729,23357.05
65+320,704501,704822,4083.42

Structure of the population (23.10.1960):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total14,163,88813,590,93227,754,820100
0–42,180,1552,075,7064,255,86115.33
5–92,072,5381,924,7003,997,23814.40
10–141,687,6781,486,2293,173,90711.44
15–191,247,3971,057,6232,305,0208.30
20–241,175,9121,126,1102,302,0228.29
25–291,155,1971,175,4372,330,6348.41
30–341,026,237984,2572,010,4947.24
35–39748,216692,6971,440,9135.19
40–44504,947547,5761,052,5233.79
45–49609,233499,2221,108,4553.99
50–54547,373580,2911,127,6644.06
55–59423,895368,834792,7292.86
60–64368,205460,652828,8572.99
65–69166,113213,476379,5891.37
70–74113,713195,360309,0731.11
75–7951,28078,196129,4760.47
80–8433,91863,47997,3970.35
85+23,06340,13463,1970.23
Unknown28,81820,95349,7710.18
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–145,940,3715,486,63511,427,00641.17
15–647,806,6127,492,69915,299,31155.12
65+388,087590,645978,7323.53

Structure of the population (24.10.1965):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total15,996,96415,394,45731,391,421100
0–42,355,0402,262,0304,617,07014.71
5–92,414,4822,249,5204,664,00214.86
10–142,057,4271,810,1253,867,55212.32
15–191,545,9111,364,1442,910,0559.27
20–241,210,9801,133,1562,344,1367.47
25–291,054,9091,161,1562,216,0657.06
30–341,138,4501,134,5712,273,0217.24
35–39997,446934,7131,932,1596.15
40–44704,595676,8641,381,4594.40
45–49445,457429,623875,0802.79
50–54612,093590,9471,203,0403.83
55–59449,480415,150864,6302.75
60–64452,705501,500954,2053.04
65–69257,812271,173528,9851.69
70–74145,636220,745366,3811.17
75–7960,95094,624155,5740.49
80–8441,18778,089119,2760.38
85+24,41947,89072,3090.23
Unknown27,98518,43746,4220.15
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–146,826,9496,321,67513,148,62441.89
15–648,612,0268,341,82416,953,85054.00
65+530,004712,5211,242,5253.96

Structure of the population (25.10.1970):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total18,006,98617,598,19035,605,176100
0–42,661,1002,594,0365,255,13614.76
5–92,610,2782,483,1745,093,45214.31
10–142,362,9282,166,6714,529,59912.72
15–191,924,2591,770,2413,694,50010.38
20–241,496,3141,355,1572,851,4718.01
25–291,107,9681,153,6442,261,6126.35
30–341,018,9641,165,3952,184,3596.14
35–391,117,1521,096,9742,214,1266.22
40–44921,299899,7191,821,0185.11
45–49644,629564,0051,208,6343.39
50–54457,007516,198973,2052.73
55–59496,977440,483937,4602.63
60–64476,373529,8061,006,1792.83
65–69321,562319,282640,8441.80
70–74220,832265,442486,2741.37
75–7982,070109,591191,6610.54
80–8448.15290.847138.9990.39
85+35,19172,727107,9180.30
Unknown3,9314,7988,7290.02
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–147,634,3067,243,88114,878,18741.79
15–649,660,9429,491,62219,152,56453.79
65+707,807857,8891,565,6964.40

Structure of the population (26.10.1975):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total20,744,73019,602,98940,347,719100
0–42,917,4512,783,7985,701,24914.13
5–92,759,8202,620,2955,380,11513.34
10–142,800,0022,448,8375,248,83913.00
15–192,232,5612,031,9384,264,49910.57
20–241,857,6341,674,5103,532,1448.75
25–291,486,6521,346,0302,832,6827.02
30–341,178,6691,116,1022,294,7715.69
35–391,040,8291,098,7302,139,5595.30
40–441,091,9151,054,2842,146,1995.32
45–49881,215802,4701,683,6854.17
50–54676,681664,9961,341,6773.33
55–59382,853384,295767,1481.90
60–64535,532548,3411,083,8732.69
65–69322,443356,949679,3921.68
70–74275,674320,062595,7361.48
75–79119,728138,791258,5190.64
80–8479,297110,363189,6600.47
85+53,51076,434129,9440.32
Unknown52,26425,76478,0280.20
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–148,477,2737,852,93016,330,20340.47
15–6411,364,54110,721,69622,086,23754.74
65+850,6521,002,5991,853,2514.59

Structure of the population (12.10.1980):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total22,695,36222,041,59544,736,957100
0–43,050,7692,909,8545,960,62313.32
5–93,062,6682,907,8085,970,47613.35
10–142,869,8792,632,9345,502,81312.30
15–192,562,8652,404,4424,967,30711.10
20–242,073,8441,975,8354,049,6799.05
25–291,719,1611,656,1653,375,3267.54
30–341,373,5411,321,1742,694,7156.02
35–391,078,7981,119,2832,198,0814.91
40–44988,8181,068,1282,056,9464.60
45–491,043,459964,2962,007,7554.49
50–54862,109867,1511,729,2603.87
55–59592,130558,4981,150,6282.58
60–64375,309417,352792,6611.77
65–69413,324450,580863,9041.93
70–74264,433328,480592,9131.33
75–79161,282187,299348,5810.78
80–8481,037119,321200,3580.45
85+35,28472,207107,4910.24
Unknown86,65280,788167,4400.37
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–148,983,3168,450,59617,433,91238.97
15–6412,670,03412,352,32425,022,35855.93
65+955,3601,157,8872,113,2474.73

Structure of the population (20.10.1985):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total25,671,97524,992,48350,664,458100
0–43,112,5242,964,6776,077,20112.00
5–93,457,2233,282,2386,739,46113.30
10–143,210,6972,982,7796,193,47612.22
15–192,744,5812,662,8835,407,46410.67
20–242,434,0522,350,4284,784,4809.44
25–292,056,1871,984,5754,040,7627.98
30–341,723,9041,650,5023,374,4066.66
35–391,413,5961,372,9752,786,5715.50
40–441,098,2171,109,9392,208,1564.36
45–49991,4421,017,1672,008,6093.96
50–541,039,1581,003,4342,042,5924.03
55–59824,436824,6331,649,0693.26
60–64555,813574,3731,130,1862.23
65–69309,858367,530677,3881.34
70–74314,528352,481667,0091.32
75–79175,769218,753394,5220.78
80–8499,310138,700238,0100.47
85+55,57793,402148,9790.29
Unknown55,10341,01496,1170.19
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–149,780,4449,229,69419,010,13837.52
15–6414,881,38614,550,90929,432,29558.09
65+955,0421,170,8662,125,9084.20

Structure of the population (21.10.1990):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total28,607,04727,865,98856,473,035100
0–43,052,2552,902,4895,954,74410.54
5–93,541,4093,357,8006,899,20912.22
10–143,560,9003,330,4996,891,39912.20
15–193,165,0613,051,4086,216,46911.00
20–242,581,1532,514,3515,095,5049.02
25–292,435,7652,377,3624,813,1278.52
30–342,096,8991,989,4104,086,3097.24
35–391,784,1211,705,9433,490,0646.18
40–441,418,7841,369,6402,788,4244.94
45–491,111,1131,090,0462,201,1593.90
50–54980,1151,038,8532,018,9683.58
55–59993,402947,1191,940,5213.44
60–64768,547846,7461,615,2932.86
65–69471,479521,608993,0871.76
70–74242,572303,519546,0910.97
75–79204,665236,259440,9240.78
80–84105,386156,938262,3240.46
85+67,040107,897174,9370.31
Unknown26,38118,10144,4820.08
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–1410,154,5649,590,78819,745,35234.96
15–6417,334,96016,930,87834,265,83860.68
65+1,091,1421,326,2212,417,3634.28

Structure of the population (22.10.2000):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total34,346,73533,457,19267,803,927100
0–43,396,6903,188,1326,584,8229.71
5–93,485,7463,270,8716,756,6179.97
10–143,570,6573,307,9996,878,65610.15
15–193,691,2183,518,2577,209,47510.63
20–243,426,7143,263,4326,690,1469.87
25–292,976,4302,918,8255,895,2558.70
30–342,552,3702,457,2855,009,6557.39
35–392,453,5792,400,8084,854,3877.16
40–442,083,5311,985,2254,068,7566.00
45–491,710,7571,658,0123,368,7694.97
50–541,356,3911,360,9582,717,3494.00
55–591,016,2541,042,1682,058,4223.04
60–64864,299964,9891,829,2882.70
65–69794,881850,6361,645,5172.43
70–74517,870654,7731,172,6431.73
75–79254,443323,154577,5970.85
80–8498,797147,895246,6920.36
85+83,572132,928216,5000.32
Unknown12,53610,84523,3810.03
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–1410,453,0939,767,00220,220,09529.83
15–6422,131,54321,569,95943,701,50264.45
65+1,749,5632,109,3863,858,9495.69

Structure of the population (31.12.2007):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total35,376,53335,209,72370,586,256100
0–42,978,9722,814,9345,793,9068.21
5–93,303,3293,133,4986,436,8279.12
10–143,288,4723,123,1866,411,6589.08
15–193,159,7232,997,3106,157,0338.72
20–243,181,8043,058,7696,240,5738.84
25–293,295,1023,217,7366,512,8389.23
30–342,885,1512,842,5485,727,6998.11
35–392,565,1122,507,3295,072,4417.19
40–442,379,3142,346,4864,725,8006.69
45–492,057,6262,027,4394,085,0655.79
50–541,781,0291,784,6403,565,6695.06
55–591,369,6181,419,2402,788,8583.95
60–64981,1781,086,5362,067,7142.93
65–69781,165917,4181,698,5832.41
70–74629,241743,8361,373,0771.94
75–79441,289628,6721,069,9611.51
80–84212,383366,496578,8790.82
85–8958,552123,636182,1880.26
90+27,47370,01497,4870.14
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–149,570,7739,071,61818,642,39126.41
15–6423,655,65723,288,03346,943,69066,51
65+2,150,1032,850,0725,000,1757.08

Structure of the population (31.12.2008):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total35,901,15435,615,94671,517,100100
0–43,082,3382,915,9205,998,2588.39
5–93,242,5813,075,5516,318,1328.83
10–143,322,0413,150,1566,472,1979.05
15–193,171,9173,013,1876,185,1048.65
20–243,187,6253,068,9336,256,5588.75
25–293,300,2913,218,5466,518,8379.12
30–342,939,5182,870,5895,810,1078.12
35–392,680,9412,649,5435,330,4847.45
40–442,397,7062,342,5444,740,2506.63
45–492,153,4272,130,7484,284,1755.99
50–541,824,5821,818,5913,643,1735.09
55–591,423,4451,454,6592,878,1044.03
60–641,035,2611,153,0372,188,2983.06
65–69783,680917,7041,701,3842.38
70–74575,433699,2481,274,6811.78
75–79492,226618,5561,110,7821.55
80–84213,336357,843571,1790.80
85–8959,076116,145175,2210.25
90+15,73044,44660,1760.08
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–149,646,9609,141,62718,788,58726.27
15–6424,114,71323,720,37747,835,09066.89
65+2,139,4812,753,9424,893,4236.84

Structure of the population (31.12.2009):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total36,462,47036,098,84272,561,312100
0–43,161,1532,994,1686,155,3218.48
5–93,183,7843,017,8636,201,6478.55
10–143,336,9753,165,3916,502,3668.96
15–193,197,2933,037,3276,234,6208.59
20–243,204,7483,075,3696,280,1178.65
25–293,306,7673,202,0936,508,8608.97
30–342,998,4642,912,5685,911,0328.15
35–392,764,8562,740,4575,505,3137.59
40–442,379,2302,296,9154,676,1456.44
45–492,241,5422,228,4114,469,9536.16
50–541,878,3741,847,3693,725,7435.14
55–591,461,9361,483,6672,945,6034.06
60–641,124,5841,236,5942,361,1783.25
65–69803,062920,6521,723,7142.38
70–74586,824736,8441,323,6681.83
75–79516,617629,3151,145,9321.58
80–84228,954382,749611,7030.84
85–8970,842140,725211,5670.29
90+16,46550,36566,8300.09
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–149,681,9129,177,42218,859,33425.99
15–6424,557,79424,060,77048,618,56467.00
65+2,222,7642,860,6505,083,4147.01

Structure of the population (31.12.2010):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total37,043,18236,679,80673,722,988100
0–43,173,0923,005,6316,178,7238.38
5–93,148,2102,982,9086,131,1188.32
10–143,369,9953,198,7466,568,7418.91
15–193,219,2213,058,0866,277,3078.51
20–243,200,9593,066,8286,267,7878.50
25–293,275,1533,162,7696,437,9228.73
30–343,146,2143,063,7536,209,9678.42
35–392,798,8702,767,2475,566,1177.55
40–442,344,7472,249,9764,594,7236.23
45–492,358,9132,341,3784,700,2916.38
50–541,871,2311,835,0583,706,2895.03
55–591,614,9711,649,3423,264,3134.43
60–641,190,5771,301,3772,491,9543.38
65–69848,726958,5661,807,2922.45
70–74633,016787,7681,420,7841.93
75–79502,175615,8721,118,0471.52
80–84245,975418,326664,3010.90
85–8983,179161,183244,3620.33
90+17,95854,99272,9500.10
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–149,691,2979,187,28518,878,58225.61
15–6425,020,85624,495,81449,516,67067.16
65+2,331,0292,996,7075,327,7367.23

Structure of the population (31.12.2011):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total37,532,95437,191,31574,724,269100
0–43,184,1603,015,6646,199,8248.30
5–93,123,6972,960,4496,084,1468.14
10–143,386,8823,215,7236,602,6058.84
15–193,240,1963,077,3876,317,5838.45
20–243,173,6183,050,9736,224,5918.33
25–293,210,3433,095,8906,306,2338.44
30–343,285,3873,210,2476,495,6348.69
35–392,837,1822,795,5605,632,7427.54
40–442,430,8412,339,9334,770,7746.38
45–492,405,4352,380,6494,786,0846.41
50–541,909,9121,882,5243,792,4365.08
55–591,716,1021,738,3133,454,4154.62
60–641,231,2741,335,2132,566,4873.43
65–69876,489991,6861,868,1752.50
70–74649,739801,6291,451,3681.94
75–79497,023621,2871,118,3101.50
80–84260,355428,485688,8400.92
85–8994,160190,434284,5940.38
90+20,15959,26979,4280.11
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–149,694,7399,191,83618,886,57525.28
15–6425,440,29024,906,68950,346,97967.37
65+2,397,9253,092,7905,490,7157.35

Structure of the population (31.12.2012):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total37,956,16837,671,21675,627,384100
0–43,182,6503,016,3076,198,9578.20
5–93,161,2232,997,7416,158,9648.14
10–143,334,5093,164,7496,499,2588.59
15–193,286,8643,118,6886,405,5528.47
20–243,151,2533,034,8366,186,0898.18
25–293,185,4233,085,2556,270,6788.29
30–343,307,3333,237,5946,544,9278.65
35–392,890,1702,841,0075,731,1777.58
40–442,565,4992,498,5615,064,0606.70
45–492,368,3402,331,0814,699,4216.21
50–542,029,2182,009,9804,039,1985.34
55–591,727,0041,751,5783,478,5824.60
60–641,292,7691,375,7492,668,5183.53
65–69899,8311,028,5551,928,3862.55
70–74671,942828,1841,500,1261.98
75–79484,634617,4921,102,1261.45
80–84289,054456,612745,6660.99
85–89105,608210,382315.9900.42
90+22,84466,86589.7090.12
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–149,678,3829,178,79718,857,17924.93
15–6425,803,87325,284,32951,088,20267.56
65+2,473,9133,208,0905,682,0037.51

Structure of the population (31.12.2013):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total38,473,36038,194,50476,667,864100
0–43,187,2593,019,1566,206,4158.10
5–93,218,4113,052,8236,271,2348.18
10–143,269,5783,102,5876,372,1658.31
15–193,327,2383,150,4846,477,7228.45
20–243,166,1043,047,9206,214,0248.10
25–293,189,1673,097,1656,286,3328.20
30–343,305,7343,237,9356,543,6698.54
35–392,946,2892,879,8605,826,1497.60
40–442,673,8002,634,4605,308,2606.92
45–492,389,8522,331,9114,721,7636.16
50–542,123,0292,109,7634,232,7925.52
55–591,769,3991,785,7863,555,1854.64
60–641,346,4261,414,0342,760,4603.60
65–69950,3371,095,0612,045,3982.67
70–74674,943832,7851,507,7281.97
75–79461,225616,0701,077,2951.41
80–84335,943484,663820,6061.07
85–89112,700228,962341,6620.45
90+25,92673,07999,0050.13
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–149,675,2489,174,56618,849,81424.59
15–6426,237,03825,689,31851,926,35667.73
65+2,561,0743,330,6205,891,6947.68

Structure of the population (31.12.2014):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total38,984,30238,711,60277,695,904100
0–43,231,9033,062,6306,294,5338.10
5–93,241,3553,074,2736,315,6288.13
10–143,209,8973,042,3726,252,2698.05
15–193,349,0813,169,8406,518,9218.39
20–243,191,6413,071,8196,263,4608.06
25–293,179,4123,093,7906,273,2028.07
30–343,294,3893,221,9056,516,2948.39
35–392,996,0012,922,3355,918,3367.61
40–442,766,3052,744,0325,510,3377.09
45–492,375,4942,298,7684,674,2626.02
50–542,218,3112,220,1114,438,4225.71
55–591,828,4861,828,0773,656,5634.70
60–641,402,6041,468,1112,870,7153.69
65–691,030,7161,184,9882,215,7042.85
70–74699,604857,6311,557,2352.00
75–79465,081639,0971,104,1781.42
80–84353,906486,504840,4101.08
85–89119,892240,266360,1580.46
90+30,22485,053106,5850.11
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–149,683,1559,179,27518,862,43024.28
15–6426,601,72426,038,78852,640,51267.75
65+2,699,4233,493,5396,192,9627.97

Structure of the population (31.12.2015) (Data based on Address Based Population Registration System.):[13][14][15]

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total39,511,19139,229,86278,741,053100
0–43,275,5203,105,9966,381,5168.10
5–93,252,8113,084,9086,337,7198.05
10–143,166,8603,000,1256,166,9857.83
15–193,382,3633,203,1376,585,5008.36
20–243,224,1683,089,9996,314,1678.02
25–293,178,3503,084,8996,263,2497.95
30–343,252,1713,175,8796,428,1508.16
35–393,134,0413,069,2826,203,3237.88
40–442,788,4252,764,1555,552,5807.05
45–492,337,0872,252,9924,590,0795.83
50–542,317,5342,315,3754,632,9095.88
55–591,843,3541,837,8163,681,1704.68
60–641,515,0651,593,4023,108,4673.95
65–691,100,7341,255,6512,356,3852.99
70–74737,892888,2921,626,1842.07
75–79501,411682,3351,183,7461.50
80–84339,904470,584810,4881.03
85–89128,879261,571390,4500.50
90+34,62293,364127,9860.16
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–149,695,1919,191,02918,886,22023.99
15–6426,972,55826,387,03653,359,59467.77
65+2,843,4423,651,7976,495,2398.25

Structure of the population (31.12.2016):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total40,043,65039,771,22179,814,871100
0–43,314,5423,144,7536,459,2958.09
5–93,253,3453,084,0996,337,4447.94
10–143,147,1332,981,9106,129,0437.68
15–193,400,4433,222,8766,623,3198.30
20–243,247,7643,117,9596,365,7237.98
25–293,169,3603,076,6816,246,0417.83
30–343,196,6453,113,7666,310,4117.91
35–393,275,1753,219,1586,494,3338.14
40–442,833,6552,800,6625,634,3177.06
45–492,412,8752,335,6394,748,5145.95
50–542,381,6402,374,6044,756,2445.96
55–591,855,1711,860,5653,715,7364.66
60–641,636,5101,706,4383,342,9484.19
65–691,132,4641,280,0732,412,5373.02
70–74763,121917,3711,680,4922.11
75–79512,607689,4431,202,0501.51
80–84336,206473,119809,3251.01
85–89136,238265,520401,7580.50
90+38,756106,585145,3410.18
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–149,715,0209,210,76218,925,78223.71
15–6427,409,23826,828,34854,237,58667.95
65+2,919,3923,732,1116,651,5038.33

Structure of the population (31.12.2017):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total40,535,13540,275,39080,810,525100
0–43,326,5913,155,2586,481,8498.02
5–93,254,1773,086,5926,340,7697.85
10–143,188,3333,022,5376,210,8707.69
15–193,351,0433,175,5446,526,5878.08
20–243,294,3363,162,1746,456,5107.99
25–293,163,8893,067,6536,231,5427.71
30–343,189,0753,107,8496,296,9247.79
35–393,308,4133,252,2836,560,6968.12
40–442,891,7992,849,0205,740,8197.10
45–492,556,3642,498,7905,055,1546.26
50–542,349,1392,326,3164,675,4555.79
55–591,977,3281,989,3993,966,7274.91
60–641,651,2151,720,0233,371,2384.17
65–691,188,9861,322,9182,511,9043.11
70–74784,614952,6531,737,2672.15
75–79533,757715,4281,249,1851.55
80–84330,240471,436801,6760.99
85–89152,317282,516434,8330.54
90+43,519117,001160,5200.20
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–149,769,1019,264,38719,033,48823.55
15–6427,732,60127,149,05154,881,65267.91
65+3,033,4333,861,9526,895,3858.53

Structure of the population (31.12.2018):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total41,139,98040,863,90282,003,882100
0–43,327,7803,157,2066,484,9867.91
5–93,264,6083,094,4126,358,9207.75
10–143,254,2773,086,1466,340,4237.73
15–193,299,4493,124,8186,424,2677.83
20–243,347,2973,199,8326,547,1297.98
25–293,190,0233,086,4466,276,4697.65
30–343,205,2053,127,9486,333,1537.72
35–393,316,6033,259,4696,576,0728.02
40–442,953,3292,892,6975,846,0267.13
45–492,670,1832,640,5245,310,7076.48
50–542,372,1822,329,1424,701,3245.73
55–592,076,8822,095,4594,172,3415.09
60–641,692,1301,753,7313,445,8614.20
65–691,245,9791,366,2282,612,2073.19
70–74835,3531,021,5691,856,9222.26
75–79539,825722,7251,262,5501.54
80–84318,882474,854793,7360.97
85–89182,957302,957485,9140.59
90+47,136127,739174,8750.21
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–149,846,5659,337,76419,184,32923.39
15–6428,123,28327,510,06655,633,34967.84
65+3,170,1324,016,0727,186,2048.76

Structure of the population (31.12.2019):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total41,721,13641,433,86183,154,997100
0–43,254,7193,090,4176,345,1367.63
5–93,316,6213,144,4186,461,0397.77
10–143,288,2073,117,9636,406,1707.70
15–193,254,8913,076,7036,331,5947.61
20–243,392,3743,231,7046,624,0787.97
25–293,240,6573,126,6546,367,3117.66
30–343,221,3813,141,6366,363,0177.65
35–393,324,7593,260,0846,584,8437.92
40–443,016,8982,950,4865,967,3847.18
45–492,772,8382,760,7215,533,5596.65
50–542,367,5772,307,7964,675,3735.62
55–592,178,4542,211,5434,389,9975.28
60–641,754,5001,800,2693,554,7694.27
65–691,301,3711,421,3012,722,6723.27
70–74907,8501,109,0632,016,9132.43
75–79560,695747,6041,308,2991.57
80–84323,732493,998817,7300.98
85–89192,938304,472497,4100.60
90+50,674137,029187,7030.23
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–149,859,5479,352,79819,212,34523.10
15–6428,524,32927,867,59656,391,92567.82
65+3,337,2604,213,4677,550,7279.08

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.12.2020):[16]

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total41,915,98541,698,37783,614,362100
0–43,140,1722,981,5356,121,7077.32
5–93,349,2533,177,3406,526,5937.81
10–143,294,9853,124,9526,419,9377.68
15–193,201,5883,028,5266,230,1147.45
20–243,408,4343,255,2026,663,6367.97
25–293,240,5433,130,4116,370,9547.62
30–343,199,7103,119,1846,318,8947.56
35–393,270,5123,203,0716,473,5837.74
40–443,145,6453,089,4656,235,1107.46
45–492,788,0352,775,6315,563,6666.65
50–542,325,1902,259,4424,584,6325.48
55–592,273,0882,304,4994,577,5875.47
60–641,764,9381,809,4563,574,3944.27
65–691,399,0521,539,6632,938,7153.51
70–74960,7421,170,9632,131,7052.55
75–79583,671771,6751,355,3461.62
80–84339,767521,432861,1991.03
85–89177,532289,216466,7480.56
90+53,128146,714199,8420.24
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–149,784,4109,283,82719,068,23722.80
15–6428,617,68327,974,88756,592,57067.68
65+3,513,8924,439,6637,953,5559.51

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.12.2021):[16]

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total42,428,10142,252,17284,680,273100
0–43,033,0292,880,5805,913,6096.98
5–93,398,8123,225,3906,624,2027.82
10–143,304,8513,133,3016,438,1527.60
15–193,203,5193,026,1906,229,7097.36
20–243,445,4103,296,1706,741,5807.96
25–293,296,9193,179,9806,476,8997.65
30–343,212,6683,129,1196,341,7877.49
35–393,228,0633,158,1456,386,2087.54
40–443,294,0713,253,0916,547,1627.73
45–492,838,7662,823,4955,662,2616.69
50–542,403,7262,350,7584,754,4845.61
55–592,337,3042,369,8764,707,1805.56
60–641,776,2541,835,6623,611 9164.27
65–691,508,9901,647,4583,156,4483.73
70–74982,5731,192,4512,175,0242.57
75–79598,307794,4111,392,7181.64
80–84340,568520,841861,4091.02
85–89169,807286,741456,5480.54
90+54,464148,513202,9770.24
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–149,736,6929,239,27118,975,96322.41
15–6429,036,70028,422,48657,459,18667.85
65+3,654,7094,590,4158,245,1249.74

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.12.2022):[16]

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total42,704,11242,575,44185,279,553100
0–42,904,3792,759,2415,663,6206.64
5–93,404,9723,230,1056,635,0777.78
10–143,303,3713,133,0436,436,4147.55
15–193,244,5003,070,6096,315,1097.41
20–243,388,7243,245,9846,634,7087.78
25–293,334,4393,218,7306,553,1697.68
30–343,199,0283,116,0196,315,0477.41
35–393,215,4513,151,2906,366,7417.47
40–443,321,8733,284,1566,606,0297.75
45–492,893,8312,869,7035,763,5346.76
50–542,543,5882,511,0365,054,6245.93
55–592,305,8462,321,2954,627,1415.53
60–641,893,8621,962,8093,856,6714.52
65–691,523,4121,661,8773,185,2893.74
70–741,031,8971,232,2222,264,1192.65
75–79617,021827,7771,444,7981.69
80–84353,290540,167893,4571.05
85–89165,676284,407450,0830.53
90+58,952154,971213,9230.25
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–149,612,7229,122,38918,735,11121.97
15–6429,341,14228,751,63158,092,77368.12
65+3,750,2484,701,4218,451,6699.91

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.12.2023):[16]

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total42,734,07142,638,30685,372,377100
0–42,741,8732,606,1815,348,0546.26
5–93,368,8253,197,6616,566,4867.69
10–143,283,7643,113,3296,397,0937.49
15–193,283,5113,113,0086,396,5197.49
20–243,317,0073,158,5136,475,5207.59
25–293,330,8513,212,2106,543,0617.66
30–343,172,4823,094,6836,267,1657.34
35–393,190,7623,138,4846,329,2467.41
40–443,298,6823,265,9566,564,6387.69
45–492,932,7672,894,0245,826,7916.83
50–542,637,6802,634,9865,272,6666.18
55–592,315,3132,311,2094,626,5225.42
60–641,980,1982,055,6124,035,8104.73
65–691,554,0591,686,3543,240,4133.80
70–741,077,7881,267,5532,345,3412.75
75–79656,329886,5991,542,9281.81
80–84357,820546,603904,4231.06
85–89163,397288,413451,8100.53
90+70,963166,928237,8910.28
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–149,394,4628,917,17118,311,63321.45
15–6429,459,25328,878,68558,337,93868.33
65+3,880,3564,842,4508,722,80610.22

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.12.2024):[16]

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total42,853,11042,811,83485,664,944100
0–42,606,7632,475,6235,082,3865.93
5–93,274,3603,110,7256,385,0857.45
10–143,314,9793,144,1156,459,0947.54
15–193,298,6543,129,8766,428,5307.50
20–243,235,1303,099,4996,334,6297.39
25–293,336,5483,218,0696,554,6177.65
30–343,182,6203,105,9806,288,6007.34
35–393,174,5703,125,9986,300,5687.35
40–443,282,5363,245,6566,528,1927.62
45–492,979,0152,933,9005,912,9156.90
50–542,726,3682,739,0145,465,3826.38
55–592,301,6842,277,8804,579,5645.35
60–642,072,5122,160,5724,223,0844.93
65–691,608,4161,725,5473,333,9633.89
70–741,124,7991,316,6702,441,4692.85
75–79716,554964,0631,680,6171.96
80–84374,066568,407942,4731.10
85–89167,988300,951468,9390.55
90+75,548169,289244,8370.29
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–149,196,1028,730,46317,926,56520.92
15–6429,589,63729,036,44458,626,08168.44
65+4,067,3715,044,9279,112,29810.64

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.12.2025):[16]

Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total43,059,43443,032,73486,092,168100
0–42,491,4292,365,1314,856,5605.64
5–93,156,8062,999,1066,155,9127.15
10–143,344,3033,173,9486,518,2517.57
15–193,303,8293,135,8246,439,6537.48
20–243,206,1233,062,5726,268,6957.28
25–293,372,7273,247,6626,620,3897.69
30–343,197,9193,116,9306,314,8497.33
35–393,163,8803,111,3206,275,2007.29
40–443,235,5353,196,6496,432,1847.47
45–493,116,5693,077,5646,194,1337.20
50–542,747,7152,758,4335,506,1486.40
55–592,265,9622,234,2784,500,2405.23
60–642,171,5472,255,3484,426,8955.14
65–691,629,7181,741,0513,370,7693.92
70–741,224,2551,435,0202,659,2753.09
75–79772,7631,028,7651,801,5282.09
80–84402,550599,3481,001,8981.16
85–89182,013323,863505,8760.59
90+73,791169,922243,7130.28
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–148,992,5388,538,18517,530,72320.36
15–6429,781,80629,196,58058,978,38668.51
65+4,285,0905,297,9699,583,05911.13

Vital statistics

[edit]

Turkey demographic table

[edit]

Sources:[1]

PopulationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death (per 1000)Natural increase (per 1000)Crude migration (per 1000)Total fertility rate (TFR)
198044,736,9571,106,652130,062976,59024.73.41
198550,664,458985,917141,324844,59319.52.59
199056,473,0351,179,795150,2921,029,50320.92.65
200067,803,9271,434,297174,3151,259,98221.67.314.32.53
20011,323,341175,1371,148,20420.36.913.42.38
20021,229,555175,4341,054,12118.66.612.02.17
20031,198,927184,3301,014,59717.96.311.62.09
20041,222,484187,0861,035,39818.16.112.02.11
20051,244,041197,5201,046,52118.25.912.32.12
20061,255,432210,1461,045,28618.15.712.42.12
200770,586,2561,289,992212,7311,077,26118.45.612.82.16
200871,517,1001,295,511215,5621,079,94918.25.512.7−2.12.15
200972,561,3121,266,751369,703897,04817.65.112.52.02.10
201073,722,9881,261,169366,471894,69817.25.012.23.62.08
201174,724,2691,252,812376,162876,65016.95.111.81.72.05
201275,627,3841,294,605376,520918,08517.25.012.2−0.22.11
201376,667,8641,297,505373,041924,46417.04.912.11.52.11
201477,695,9041,351,088391,091959,99717.55.112.40.92.19
201578,741,0531,336,908405,528931,38017.15.211.91.42.16
201679,814,8711,316,204422,964893,24016.65.311.32.32.11
201780,810,5251,300,258426,857873,40116.25.310.91.52.08
201882,003,8821,257,071426,785830,28615.45.210.24.42.00
201983,154,9971,191,709436,624755,08514.45.39.14.81.89
202083,614,3621,119,755509,147610,60813.46.17.3−1.81.77
202184,680,2731,085,450566,745518,70512.96.76.26.51.71
202285,279,5531,040,860505,465535,39512.25.96.30.81.63
202385,372,377961,566526,416435,15011.36.25.1-4.01.51
202485,664,944937,559489,361448,19811.05.75.3-1.81.48
202586,092,168889,598501,342 (e)388,256 (e)10.35.84.5
TFRyear11.522.533.5198019902000201020202030Total Fertility RateTotal Fertility Rate
Viewsource data.

Current vital statistics

[edit]
PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January—September 2024714,087370,146+343,941
January—September 2025665,537372,349+293,188
DifferenceDecrease –48,550 (-6.80%)Negative increase +2,203 (+0.60%)Decrease –50,753
Source:[17]

Birth statistics of Turkey from 2001 onward are from theCentral Population Administrative System (MERNIS) database which is available online.[18] Birth statistics are updated continually because MERNIS has dynamic structure.[19]

In 2023 Turkey had acrude birth rate of 11.3 per 1000, in 2024 11.0, down from 20.3 in 2001. Thetotal fertility rate (TFR) in 2023 was 1.51 children per woman, in 2024 1.48 The crude birth rate in 2023 ranged from 8.7 per 1,000 inWest Marmara (TFR 1.31) (8.3;1.72 in 2024), similar to neighbouringBulgaria, to 19.1 per 1,000 inSoutheast Anatolia (TFR 2.44) (21.7;2.69 in 2024), similar to neighbouringSyria. Similarly, in 2024, the TFR ranged from 1.12 inBartın, to 3.28 inŞanlıurfa.[20] Death statistics from MERNIS are available as of 2009. Mortality data prior to 2009 are incomplete.

Demographic and Health Surveys

[edit]

Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):[21]

YearCBR (Total)TFR (Total)CBR (Urban)TFR (Urban)CBR (Rural)TFR (Rural)
199322.92.7 (1.8)21.72.4 (1.7)24.03.1 (2.0)
199823.42.61 (1.9)22.82.39 (1.9)24.73.08 (2.1)

Total fertility rate by region in Turkey by Turkish General Census (GNS) and Turkish population and health research (TNSA).[22]

South-EastEastMediterraneanBlack SeaCentralAegeanMarmaraTurkey
TNSA 1978-6.313.774.994.26-2.894.33
GNS 19804.61Decrease4.64Decrease3.50Decrease3.65Decrease3.762.81Decrease2.73Decrease3.41
TNSA 1993-Decrease4.40Decrease2.37Decrease3.15Decrease2.44-Decrease2.03Decrease2.65
TNSA 1998-Decrease4.19Increase2.55Decrease2.68Increase2.56-Steady2.03Decrease2.61
GNS 2000Decrease4.31Decrease3.72Decrease2.43Decrease2.28Decrease2.29Decrease1.96Decrease1.88Decrease2.53
TNSA 2003-Decrease3.65Decrease2.30Decrease1.94Decrease1.86-Steady1.88Decrease2.23

Fertility rate in Turkey as per GNS (2000) for Rural, Urban and Metropolitan areas.

South-EastEastMediterraneanBlack SeaCentralAegeanMarmaraTurkey
GNS rural 20004.804.522.522.562.912.232.032.87
GNS urban 20004.053.082.382.012.051.801.852.20
GNS metropolitan 20003.812.342.411.871.891.601.832.03

UN estimates

[edit]

The 2018 figures from the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs:[23]

PeriodLive births per yearDeaths per yearNatural change per yearCBR[a]CDR[a]NC[a]TFR[a]IMR[a]
1950–19551,127,000551,000677,00048.418.829.66.69167.4
1955–19601,216,000564,000752,00046.918.428.56.5163.9
1960–19651,277,000547,000799,00044.317.626.76.2160.5
1965–19701,343,000527,000792,00040.316.723.65.80156.9
1970–19751,451,000523,000887,00038.715.023.75.39141.3
1975–19801,497,000505,000977,00036.413.023.44.69119.4
1980–19851,527,000481,0001,074,00033.810.823.04.1196.7
1985–19901,431,000454,000976,00027.78.818.93.3978.0
1990–19951,375,000438,000987,00025.17.717.43.1163.0
1995–20001,389,000418,000983,00022.86.915.92.7645.5
2000–20051,345,000404,000923,00020.56.214.32.5031.4
2005–20101,309,000415,000932,00018.75.912.82.2724.0
2010–20151,302,000439,000914,00017.35.811.52.1513.0
2015–20201,281,000473,000808,00015.85.810.02.10
2020–20251,242,000509,000733,00014.66.08.62.04
2025–20301,191,000543,000648,00013.66.27.42.01
  1. ^abcdeCBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Life expectancy

[edit]
Main article:List of Turkish provinces by life expectancy
Life expectancy at birth in Turkey since 1937
Life expectancy in Turkey by gender since 1960
Life expectancy in Turkish provinces in 2021-2023
Life expectancy in Turkey according to the UN[24]
PeriodLife expectancy in
Years		PeriodLife expectancy in
Years
1950–195541.011985–199063.04
1955–196043.691990–199565.49
1960–196547.221995–200068.49
1965–197050.782000–200571.37
1970–197553.752005–201073.37
1975–198057.052010–201574.83
1980–198560.222015–202077.31

by regions

[edit]
Main articles:List of Asian regions by life expectancy andList of European regions by life expectancy § Estimate of the Global Data Lab (2019—2021)
region20192019
→2021		20212021
→2022		20222019
→2022
overallmalefemaleFΔ MoveralloverallmalefemaleFΔ M
Turkey on average77.8374.6880.956.27−1.8076.032.4578.4875.3881.506.120.65
East Black Sea Region79.3375.6282.907.28−1.8477.492.4979.9876.3383.457.120.65
West Anatolia Region78.3375.1581.406.25−1.8176.522.4678.9875.8581.956.100.65
Istanbul Region78.2575.0481.326.28−1.8176.442.4578.8975.7481.866.120.64
Central East Anatolia Region77.8874.9380.835.90−1.8076.082.4478.5275.6381.375.740.64
Mediterranean Region77.7774.8880.695.81−1.8075.972.4478.4175.5881.235.650.64
West Black Sea Region77.7774.6081.066.46−1.8075.972.4478.4175.3081.606.300.64
Central Anatolia Region77.6074.6180.575.96−1.8075.802.4478.2475.3181.115.800.64
Aegean Region77.5674.3580.836.48−1.7975.772.4378.2075.0481.376.330.64
Northeast Anatolia Region77.5074.5480.636.09−1.7975.712.4378.1475.2481.175.930.64
East Marmara Region77.4674.4580.476.02−1.7975.672.4378.1075.1581.015.860.64
Southeast Anatolia Region77.4474.1080.646.54−1.7975.652.4378.0874.7981.186.390.64
West Marmara Region77.1173.7780.576.80−1.7875.332.4277.7574.4681.116.650.64

Data source: Global Data Lab[25]


Regional data

[edit]

Birth and death rates

[edit]
Birth and Death Rate by Region and Year
Birth Rate by Region and Year[a]
RegionPopulation (2025)Birth Rate (TFR)/2024Birth Rate (TFR)/2023Birth Rate (TFR)/2022Birth Rate (TFR)/2021Birth Rate (TFR)/2020Birth Rate (TFR)/2019Birth Rate (TFR)/2018Birth Rate (TFR)/2017Birth Rate (TFR)/2016Birth Rate (TFR)/2015Birth Rate (TFR)/2014Birth Rate (TFR)/2013Birth Rate (TFR)/2012Birth Rate (TFR)/2011Birth Rate (TFR)/2010Birth Rate (TFR)/2009
Turkey86 092 16811.0 (1.48)11.3 (1.51)12.2 (1.63)12.9 (1.71)13.4 (1.77)14.4 (1.89)15.4 (2.00)16.2 (2.08)16.6 (2.11)17.1 (2.16)17.5 (2.19)17.0 (2.11)17.2 (2.11)16.9 (2.05)17.2 (2.08)17.6 (2.10)
İstanbul15 754 0539.9 (1.20)10.0 (1.21)10.8 (1.30)11.6 (1.39)12.4 (1.49)13.6 (1.61)14.8 (1.73)15.6 (1.80)16.3 (1.86)16.7 (1.88)17.0 (1.89)16.4 (1.81)16.5 (1.80)15.9 (1.72)16.3 (1.77)16.4 (1.77)
West Marmara3 868 9678.7 (1.31)9.0 (1.35)9.4 (1.41)9.6 (1.43)10.1 (1.50)10.7 (1.57)11.5 (1.67)11.8 (1.70)11.9 (1.69)12.0 (1.69)12.1 (1.69)11.9 (1.64)11.9 (1.63)11.6 (1.57)11.5 (1.54)11.7 (1.54)
Aegean11 011 2618.7 (1.28)9.2 (1.34)9.8 (1.41)10.2 (1.45)10.7 (1.50)11.4 (1.58)12.2 (1.68)12.9 (1.75)13.2 (1.76)13.6 (1.80)13.8 (1.80)13.4 (1.73)13.7 (1.74)13.2 (1.66)13.3 (1.66)13.7 (1.69)
East Marmara8 759 25610.0 (1.36)10.4 (1.41)11.1 (1.48)11.8 (1.56)12.2 (1.61)13.2 (1.72)14.2 (1.84)14.6 (1.87)15.0 (1.89)15.2 (1.90)15.3 (1.88)14.8 (1.80)15.0 (1.80)14.5 (1.71)14.8 (1.74)15.2 (1.77)
West Anatolia8 516 0849.8 (1.28)10.2 (1.34)11.0 (1.43)11.4 (1.48)12.1 (1.55)13.0 (1.66)14.1 (1.78)14.7 (1.84)15.1 (1.87)15.5 (1.90)15.8 (1.91)15.4 (1.85)15.4 (1.83)15.2 (1.79)15.4 (1.80)15.8 (1.83)
Mediterranean11 028 17510.9 (1.55)11.1 (1.57)12.3 (1.72)12.8 (1.77)13.3 (1.84)14.3 (1.96)15.4 (2.08)16.3 (2.18)17.0 (2.24)17.5 (2.29)18.0 (2.32)17.6 (2.24)17.8 (2.23)17.3 (2.14)17.8 (2.18)18.3 (2.20)
Central Anatolia4 164 98510.2 (1.43)10.4 (1.45)11.4 (1.57)11.8 (1.62)12.4 (1.68)13.2 (1.80)14.1 (1.89)14.9 (1.99)15.4 (2.05)15.8 (2.09)16.4 (2.14)16.0 (2.06)16.3 (2.07)16.4 (2.06)16.7 (2.08)17.6 (2.16)
West Black Sea4 716 1878.2 (1.27)8.4 (1.28)9.0 (1.36)9.4 (1.42)9.8 (1.47)10.6 (1.57)11.2 (1.63)11.6 (1.67)11.9 (1.69)12.2 (1.73)12.7 (1.77)12.8 (1.76)13.0 (1.77)13.0 (1.74)13.6 (1.79)14.2 (1.84)
East Black Sea2 699 7698.4 (1.30)8.8 (1.34)9.4 (1.40)9.8 (1.46)10.3 (1.52)11.0 (1.61)11.6 (1.69)12.0 (1.73)12.3 (1.77)12.5 (1.78)12.8 (1.81)12.8 (1.77)13.0 (1.78)13.1 (1.77)13.6 (1.81)14.1 (1.86)
Northeast Anatolia2 115 28113.0 (1.68)13.7 (1.75)15.1 (1.93)16.5 (2.11)17.1 (2.19)18.4 (2.36)19.1 (2.45)20.6 (2.64)21.2 (2.72)21.7 (2.79)22.7 (2.90)22.4 (2.85)22.8 (2.90)22.9 (2.90)23.4 (2.97)23.1 (2.91)
Central East Anatolia3 870 15814.0 (1.78)14.3 (1.81)16.0 (2.02)16.9 (2.12)17.8 (2.23)19.3 (2.43)20.0 (2.52)21.1 (2.65)21.2 (2.67)21.9 (2.75)23.0 (2.87)22.6 (2.82)22.5 (2.82)22.9 (2.85)23.6 (2.95)23.9 (3.00)
Southeast Anatolia9 587 99219.1 (2.44)19.3 (2.46)21.5 (2.72)22.7 (2.87)22.5 (2.85)23.9 (3.03)25.5 (3.23)26.6 (3.36)26.7 (3.38)27.8 (3.52)28.7 (3.63)27.6 (3.48)28.0 (3.53)27.7 (3.48)28.2 (3.57)28.3 (3.59)
Death Rate by Region and Year[a]
RegionPopulation (2025)Death Rate (2024)Death Rate (2023)Death Rate (2022)Death Rate (2021)Death Rate (2020)Death Rate (2019)Death Rate (2018)Death Rate (2017)Death Rate (2016)Death Rate (2015)Death Rate (2014)Death Rate (2013)Death Rate (2012)Death Rate (2011)Death Rate (2010)Death Rate (2009)
Turkey86 092 1685.76.25.96.76.15.35.25.35.35.25.14.95.05.15.05.1
İstanbul15 754 0534.54.44.75.44.94.24.24.24.24.14.13.94.04.04.04.2
West Marmara3 868 9678.48.39.09.88.17.77.87.87.77.87.57.17.37.37.37.3
Aegean11 011 2617.37.17.78.27.56.76.66.66.66.46.15.96.26.25.96.0
East Marmara8 759 2566.15.96.47.36.35.65.75.75.75.75.55.45.55.55.55.6
West Anatolia8 516 0845.35.45.56.26.15.05.05.04.94.74.74.54.64.74.64.8
Mediterranean11 028 1755.68.55.76.55.85.04.94.95.04.84.64.54.54.54.54.5
Central Anatolia4 164 9856.56.36.77.87.15.95.96.16.15.95.85.55.55.75.55.7
West Black Sea4 716 1878.18.18.89.98.57.67.67.67.67.47.36.97.07.06.87.0
East Black Sea2 699 7697.87.68.79.68.07.27.07.37.06.96.86.36.56.56.26.4
Northeast Anatolia2 115 2815.14.95.26.15.74.95.05.05.05.04.94.85.05.45.05.1
Central East Anatolia3 870 1584.24.54.35.25.14.14.04.24.24.14.14.14.14.54.44.5
Southeast Anatolia9 587 9923.54.93.54.34.23.53.33.43.73.43.53.43.53.63.73.8

Regional births and deaths

[edit]
Absolute Births and Deaths by Region and Year
Absolute Births by Region and Year[a]
RegionPopulation (2025)Births (2024)Births (2023)Births (2022)Births (2021)Births (2020)Births (2019)Births (2018)Births (2017)Births (2016)Births (2015)Births (2014)Births (2013)Births (2012)Births (2011)Births (2010)Births (2009)Births (2008)Births (2007)Births (2006)Births (2005)Births (2004)Births (2003)Births (2002)Births (2001)Births (2000)Births (1990)Births (1985)Births (1980)
Turkey86 092 168937,559961,5661,040,8601,085,4501,119,7551,191,7091,257,0711,300,2581,316,2041,336,9081,351,0881,297,5051,294,6051,252,8121,261,1691,266,7511,295,5111,289,9921,255,4321,244,0411,222,4841,198,9271,229,5551,323,3411,434,2971,179,795985,9171,106,652
İstanbul15 754 053154,550157,378171,187181,197192,857208,685223,223233,220240,027242,888242,397229,390226,594213,441213,821210,441226,109222,060207,872205,241197,065187,823182,003188,549190,569136,65499,701108,256
West Marmara3 868 96733,06733,87234,90935,10436,55438,19140,59040,93340,49540,39140,13838,80638,51737,05836,28436,40036,41136,64335,65135,15534,31233,15633,73336,98840,73940,68533,83842,280
Aegean11 011 26195,526100,629106,687109,755113,681120,198127,652132,868134,176137,187137,438132,299133,419127,833128,112129,927135,479135,506129,660127,627124,388119,110120,964133,182153,782135,270109,981130,742
East Marmara8 759 25686,39089,35393,61597,746100,069106,173112,197113,462113,585112,635111,115105,761105,20399,704100,386100,928101,84899,48393,12590,14088,12185,01687,24595,562100,85883,09868,20182,368
West Anatolia8 516 08482,30085,59291,10993,96098,268104,723111,434115,079116,456117,694117,405112,593111,279108,026106,921107,734115,491114,063108,092106,790102,15199,888100,871107,714129,668103,70495,250108,698
Mediterranean11 028 175118,218121,634134,792138,397142,755151,165159,781166,815171,561174,874177,272170,686169,985163,817166,123167,506173,576170,512165,986162,685155,983153,491154,160168,391189,480151,932125,978129,129
Central Anatolia4 164 98542,41443,31446,95248,41750,45853,92956,56958,93360,38161,56963,44661,66962,63462,98964,21667,17467,03368,23968,47668,02067,92967,22271,69779,71392,95881,10872,25080,043
West Black Sea4 716 18738,65139,34041,94943,95545,80949,62951,71952,77953,72254,99557,09957,36958,37758,51161,39363,97263,45664,38963,66865,65968,19969,88576,94286,26697,317102,55398,681123,940
East Black Sea2 699 76922,92023,99325,18126,25627,71729,65831,02431,55632,09232,14432,81732,55832,77432,83634,27235,56534,10134,53434,15734,21636,35438,34042,09046,84359,01954,76956,35766,438
Northeast Anatolia2 115 28128,09629,53132,75536,04737,60140,65141,93245,26246,60947,72049,99649,60550,78150,77951,57850,77847,67749,64051,43552,90854,72256,05059,39163,13566,93055,36152,45959,162
Central East Anatolia3 870 15854,49756,01363,11066,51370,10875,81777,90481,13381,29883,68287,02784,96384,01884,34486,05586,81284,72586,34887,95188,72192,23590,52694,643100,609103,52783,72869,48075,411
Southeast Anatolia9 587 992180,930180,917198,614208,103203,878212,890223,029228,218225,802231,129234,938221,806221,024213,474212,008209,514209,605208,575209,359206,879201,025198,420205,816216,389207,810149,333102,931100,185
Absolute Deaths by Region and Year[a]
RegionPopulation (2025)Deaths (2024)Deaths (2023)Deaths (2022)Deaths (2021)Deaths (2020)Deaths (2019)Deaths (2018)Deaths (2017)Deaths (2016)Deaths (2015)Deaths (2014)Deaths (2013)Deaths (2012)Deaths (2011)Deaths (2010)Deaths (2009)Deaths (2008)Deaths (2007)Deaths (2006)Deaths (2005)Deaths (2004)Deaths (2003)Deaths (2002)Deaths (2001)Deaths (2000)Deaths (1990)Deaths (1985)Deaths (1980)
Turkey86 092 168489,361526,416505,465566,745509,147436,624426,785426,857422,964405,528391,091373,041376,520376,162366,471369,703215,562212,731210,146197,520187,086184,330175,434175,137174,315150,292141,324130,062
İstanbul15 754 05371,24870,02073,88884,28876,42163,48662,59463,38962,57260,09358,00954,77054,69653,16552,81253,76150,40350,83050,43649,62141,16138,73234,37838,24238,60038,86232,55132,395
West Marmara3 868 96732,19131,19433,33535,75729,38927,58927,45627,22226,41626,14524,86423,22923,49623,16723,00722,6879,7039,2179,2318,5548,6358,6168,1177,8288,0336,5936,8545,763
Aegean11 011 26180,31078,05383,18887,91979,80771,04768,64468,48067,69964,84461,12657,65160,23459,62356,65857,06831,56831,65732,12529,58230,06529,60028,86527,67528,09323,08822,49717,114
East Marmara8 759 25652,30350,46853,66560,30651,54045,26444,85844,25443,62841,99140,00738,29138,22038,09437,52637,37924,48424,16524,26519,70719,57819,35419,50518,81518,16414,94413,38712,015
West Anatolia8 516 08444,66644,77245,82751,28150,00539,81439,38238,91737,76535,81434,58933,21933,36933,09732,27032,97626,77326,77726,56025,70025,19124,89823,93523,76823,30818,52118,15919,339
Mediterranean11 028 17561,18192,76562,71769,86661,59952,80150,77650,54850,22947,41145,43943,94943,40442,90041,83441,26422,84522,64621,50820,45719,96820,10319,13618,42718,69214,57814,21012,150
Central Anatolia4 164 98526,97126,32327,48731,87128,80524,19823,89024,00923,91423,08622,37921,23821,04921,87321,29921,5829,6289,2658,8758,6088,5318,7298,2847,9377,8516,4086,3505,396
West Black Sea4 716 18738,45438,23140,94846,10739,59635,36634,98434,75634,35933,35532,77231,01131,47631,65130,54131,27912,35111,56211,74211,12210,57510,87210,57510,0469,6739,1909,1608,204
East Black Sea2 699 76921,24020,73323,37525,90921,34419,34518,60619,18618,33917,67217,29215,99616,50416,26615,57416,1585,1974,6254,6144,3124,4644,5674,1814,1473,7773,0083,2101,929
Northeast Anatolia2 115 28111,07610,70711,35813,38112,56810,77910,90010,93011,02011,01310,78710,66711,05211,87010,95511,1543,6753,5733,2983,1983,2963,2763,1002,9853,0812,1763,1462,763
Central East Anatolia3 870 15816,27917,57216,99020,48219,98915,96915,53016,13216,13215,68515,44115,43015,41916,55116,11416,4916,0935,8175,6335,5115,1405,0355,1605,0304,8144,0543,8023,154
Southeast Anatolia9 587 99233,44245,57832,68739,57838,08430,96629,16529,03430,89128,41928,38627,59027,60127,90527,88127,90412,84212,59711,85911,14810,48210,54810,19810,23710,2298,8707,9989,840

Regional natural increase

[edit]
Natural Increase by Region and Year
Natural Increase by Region and Year[a]
RegionPopulation (2025)Natural Increase (2024)Natural Increase (2023)Natural Increase (2022)Natural Increase (2021)Natural Increase (2020)Natural Increase (2019)Natural Increase (2018)Natural Increase (2017)Natural Increase (2016)Natural Increase (2015)Natural Increase (2014)Natural Increase (2013)Natural Increase (2012)Natural Increase (2011)Natural Increase (2010)Natural Increase (2009)
Turkey86 092,168448 198/5.3435 150/5.1535 395/6.3518 705/6.2610 608/7.3755 085/9.1830 286/10.2873 401/10.9893 240/11.3931 380/11.9959 997/12.4924 464/12.1918 085/12.2876 650/11.8894 698/12.2897 048/12.5
İstanbul15 754 05383 302/5.487 358/5.697 299/6.196 909/6.2116 436/7.5145 119/9.4160 629/10.6169 831/11.4177 455/12.0182 795/12.6184 388/12.9174 620/12.5171 898/12.5160 276/11.9161 009/12.3156 680/12.2
West Marmara3 868 967876/0.32 678/0.71 574/0.4−653/−0.27 165/2.010 602/3.013 151/3.713 711/4.014 079/4.214 246/4.215 274/4.615 577/4.815 021/4.613 891/4.313 277/4.213 713/4.4
Aegean11 011 26115 216/1.422 576/2.123 499/2.121 836/2.033 874/3.249 151/4.759 008/5.664 388/6.366 477/6.672 343/7.276 312/7.774 648/7.573 185/7.568 210/7.071 454/7.472 859/7.7
East Marmara8 759 25634 087/3.938 885/4.539 950/4.737 440/4.548 529/5.960 909/7.667 339/8.569 208/8.969 957/9.370 644/9.571 108/9.867 470/9.466 983/9.561 610/9.062 860/9.363 549/9.6
West Anatolia8 516 08437 634/4.540 820/4.845 282/5.542 679/5.248 263/6.064 909/8.072 052/9.176 162/9.778 691/10.281 880/10.882 816/11.179 374/10.977 910/10.874 929/10.574 651/10.874 758/11.0
Mediterranean11 028 17557 037/5.328 869/2.672 075/6.668 531/6.381 156/7.598 364/9.3109 005/10.5116 267/11.4121 332/12.0127 463/12.7131 833/13.4126 737/13.1126 581/13.3120 917/12.8124 289/13.3126 242/13.8
Central Anatolia4 164 98515 443/3.716 991/4.119 465/4.716 546/4.021 653/5.329 731/7.332 679/8.234 924/8.836 467/9.338 483/9.941 067/10.640 431/10.541 585/10.841 116/10.742 917/11.245 592/11.9
West Black Sea4 716 187197/0.11 109/0.31 001/0.2−2 152/−0.56 213/1.314 263/3.016 735/3.618 023/4.019 363/4.321 640/4.824 327/5.426 358/5.926 901/6.026 860/6.030 852/6.832 693/7.2
East Black Sea2 699 7691 680/0.63 260/1.21 806/0.7347/0.26 373/2.310 313/3.812 418/4.612 370/4.713 753/5.314 472/5.615 525/6.016 562/6.516 270/6.516 570/6.618 698/7.419 407/7.7
Northeast Anatolia2 115 28117 020/7.918 824/8.821 397/9.922 666/10.425 033/11.429 872/13.531 032/14.134 332/15.635 589/16.236 707/16.739 209/17.838 938/17.639 729/17.838 909/17.540 623/18.439 624/18.0
Central East Anatolia3 870 15838 218/9.838 441/9.846 120/11.746 031/11.750 119/12.759 848/15.262 374/16.065 001/16.965 166/17.067 997/17.871 586/18.969 533/18.568 599/18.467 793/18.469 941/19.270 321/19.4
Southeast Anatolia9 587 992147 488/15.6135 339/14.4165 927/18.0168 525/18.4165 794/18.3181 924/20.4193 864/22.2199 184/23.2194 911/23.0202 710/24.4206 552/25.2194 216/24.2193 423/24.5185 569/24.1184 127/24.5181 610/24.5

Regional total fertility rate (TFR)

[edit]
Total fertility rate (TFR) by province and year

Figures from Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat):[26]

Turkey total fertility rate by province (2024)[26]
  3–4
  2–3
  1.5 – 2
  1 – 1.5
Total fertility rate by province 1980[26]
  5–6
  4–5
  3–4
  2–3
  1.5 – 2
  1 – 1.5
Total fertility rate by province (2013)[26]
Total fertility rate by province (2014)[26]
Total fertility rate by province (2015)[26]
Total fertility rate by province (2019)[26]
Total fertility rate by province (2020)[26]
Total fertility rate by province (2021)[26]
Total fertility rate by province (2022)[26]
Total fertility rate by province (2023)[26]
Total fertility rate by province (2024)[26]
Total fertility rate development by province 2009–2015[26]
  > 12%
  8 to 12%
  4 to 8%
  0 to 4%
  −4 to 0%
  −8 to −4%
  −12 to −8%
  < −12%
ProvincePopulation (2025)[27]TFR (1980)[28]TFR (1985)TFR (1990)[29]TFR (2000)[30]TFR (2009)TFR (2010)TFR (2011)TFR (2012)TFR (2013)TFR (2014)TFR (2015)TFR (2016)TFR (2017)TFR (2018)TFR (2019)TFR (2020)TFR (2021)TFR (2022)TFR (2023)TFR (2024)
Turkey86 092 1683.412.592.652.532.102.082.052.112.112.192.162.112.082.001.891.771.711.631.511.48
İstanbul15 754 0532.691.962.081.971.771.771.721.801.811.891.881.861.801.731.611.491.391.301.211.20
West Marmara3 868 9671.541.541.571.631.641.691.691.691.701.671.571.501.431.411.351.31
Tekirdağ1 208 4412.641.762.091.831.691.671.721.791.821.881.941.931.941.931.781.651.591.531.461.42
Edirne422 4382.411.801.821.661.431.391.451.511.491.461.541.491.471.441.341.351.311.311.231.22
Kırklareli379 5952.751.841.941.701.381.391.351.451.451.561.561.491.541.491.441.401.301.311.251.21
Balıkesir1 284 5172.421.872.091.951.531.561.581.621.661.721.661.671.671.631.541.491.421.421.361.32
Çanakkale573 9762.531.641.911.681.501.441.531.581.521.571.551.561.581.571.471.401.321.281.301.22
Aegean11 011 2612.811.961.691.661.661.741.731.801.801.761.751.681.581.501.451.411.341.28
İzmir4 504 1852.521.852.001.751.571.541.561.661.641.721.731.691.671.601.491.401.361.321.231.17
Aydın1 172 1072.622.002.132.121.741.711.691.821.791.841.861.831.881.791.681.581.551.491.421.37
Denizli1 060 9752.952.232.322.191.731.661.701.741.761.871.861.811.801.721.621.561.501.481.411.35
Muğla1 099 5472.651.962.041.941.711.701.671.761.731.761.771.741.711.661.551.501.441.351.291.23
Manisa1 477 7562.822.022.242.141.781.771.791.861.891.941.931.911.871.841.751.691.641.621.571.48
Afyonkarahisar751 8083.742.212.512.822.062.012.012.031.982.092.082.011.971.891.841.751.671.621.541.47
Kütahya570 4783.102.172.292.191.551.601.531.551.521.581.591.521.511.431.341.321.211.181.161.24
Uşak374 4053.182.202.232.181.641.671.641.741.761.801.751.691.701.601.511.451.381.391.331.24
East Marmara8 759 2561.771.741.711.801.801.881.901.891.871.841.721.611.561.481.411.36
Bursa3 263 0112.862.052.031.981.781.771.731.851.851.901.921.911.891.871.751.651.571.481.411.37
Eskişehir927 9562.742.031.961.741.401.381.381.461.481.571.561.541.551.501.411.351.351.301.201.12
Bilecik228 9952.872.132.051.981.711.671.631.751.771.781.721.741.701.691.621.501.451.401.391.37
Kocaeli2 161 1713.232.162.312.131.901.871.821.911.912.042.072.052.021.971.861.701.661.581.491.42
Sakarya1 123 6933.292.022.352.231.871.821.781.851.831.911.941.951.951.951.811.691.681.561.531.44
Düzce415 622not a provincenot a provincenot a province2.181.871.831.821.811.871.901.861.901.841.781.721.601.501.491.431.43
Bolu327 1733.342.282.401.931.601.571.641.591.641.661.601.621.571.521.471.361.371.321.241.27
Yalova311 635not a provincenot a provincenot a province1.931.781.641.621.721.691.811.791.891.831.761.661.501.481.401.321.36
West Anatolia8 516 0841.831.801.791.831.851.911.901.871.841.781.661.551.481.431.341.28
Ankara5 910 3202.832.042.071.901.681.661.651.681.711.771.771.741.721.651.541.421.341.291.211.15
Konya2 343 4093.572.702.643.002.142.122.132.182.182.262.212.192.132.081.951.851.811.761.651.59
Karaman262 355not a provincenot a province2.862.772.151.951.982.022.092.052.132.102.071.951.851.781.661.611.511.42
Mediterranean11 028 1753.502.372.432.202.182.142.232.242.322.292.242.182.081.961.841.771.721.571.55
Antalya2 777 6772.982.062.191.931.911.871.841.931.911.961.991.941.841.761.641.551.481.381.311.25
Isparta445 3032.772.112.022.041.761.661.661.721.711.761.731.721.781.641.561.461.431.391.341.28
Burdur277 2263.031.882.102.121.741.731.681.661.681.791.791.741.671.581.501.421.371.371.371.35
Adana2 283 6093.323.033.002.682.182.142.122.212.252.342.332.262.232.132.021.881.831.831.691.64
Mersin1 956 4283.542.552.602.382.032.042.002.122.122.212.172.152.092.031.871.781.721.691.561.52
Hatay1 577 5314.463.363.162.972.572.542.512.632.632.822.752.702.612.512.392.212.152.061.791.86
Kahramanmaraş1 146 2783.963.593.193.542.702.682.662.682.742.742.642.612.552.402.242.122.001.951.721.78
Osmaniye564 123not a provincenot a provincenot a province2.952.552.572.402.512.512.592.502.432.402.272.222.041.931.991.821.83
Central Anatolia4 164 9852.162.082.062.072.062.142.092.051.991.891.801.681.621.571.451.43
Kırıkkale282 830not a provincenot a province2.302.391.771.701.601.591.651.691.721.701.691.601.541.431.391.331.241.24
Aksaray441 136not a provincenot a province2.992.852.422.352.342.302.302.362.312.242.202.142.011.941.871.851.711.65
Niğde374 4924.503.223.212.982.402.282.232.322.252.332.192.202.082.001.931.771.731.691.591.54
Nevşehir320 1503.552.622.342.552.101.981.971.981.952.101.981.941.881.791.681.631.581.521.411.39
Kırşehir242 7773.652.672.282.401.721.691.691.751.781.861.821.791.771.731.661.491.401.381.291.34
Kayseri1 458 9913.732.972.612.622.212.142.162.182.172.252.202.142.041.971.861.721.661.611.471.46
Sivas631 4013.623.292.822.762.072.021.991.991.941.991.981.961.941.781.731.641.561.461.381.35
Yozgat413 2083.662.962.992.842.252.072.042.031.982.082.092.011.991.841.731.641.551.501.391.37
West Black Sea4 716 1871.841.791.741.771.761.771.731.691.671.631.571.471.421.361.281.27
Zonguldak585 2034.022.592.311.931.711.651.581.621.591.601.561.501.491.431.391.311.271.191.141.15
Karabük249 614not a provincenot a provincenot a province1.991.671.601.621.541.591.561.571.461.511.491.421.291.331.221.141.20
Bartın206 663not a provincenot a province2.312.111.681.671.611.501.571.691.591.551.451.481.431.381.251.261.131.12
Kastamonu379 9343.442.472.652.181.701.691.641.691.681.591.631.591.511.541.481.411.391.401.281.32
Çankırı200 5494.072.812.612.271.971.931.911.841.781.871.791.841.761.691.691.671.691.511.431.37
Sinop225 8484.353.393.382.481.911.811.771.841.751.791.731.711.711.621.621.571.471.411.311.30
Samsun1 392 4033.732.712.732.551.871.811.771.831.831.851.821.801.781.751.651.511.431.381.331.33
Tokat614 1413.713.152.933.061.951.921.831.791.821.831.741.701.671.641.611.471.431.401.351.29
Çorum519 5904.052.923.062.661.931.901.861.961.891.971.851.871.801.741.691.581.521.451.331.30
Amasya342 2423.912.382.552.341.801.751.711.751.781.751.801.701.721.661.601.481.461.391.311.22
East Black Sea2 699 7691.861.811.771.781.771.811.781.771.731.691.611.521.461.401.341.30
Trabzon823 3233.252.412.232.101.871.821.781.801.791.841.861.851.821.801.681.561.531.431.391.32
Ordu768 0873.362.562.602.811.941.891.841.861.851.891.831.841.811.731.671.561.441.441.351.32
Giresun455 0744.032.782.582.311.741.741.651.661.641.651.641.571.561.551.491.411.341.321.281.24
Rize346 9473.482.322.332.011.801.761.751.731.801.791.791.801.761.771.661.571.531.411.401.32
Artvin167 5313.362.802.592.241.731.721.671.781.731.781.741.771.731.651.601.581.401.401.291.26
Gümüşhane138 8073.633.482.982.922.091.881.891.841.841.841.731.621.381.341.361.401.371.331.241.30
Northeast Anatolia2 115 2812.912.972.902.902.852.902.792.722.642.452.362.192.111.931.751.68
Erzurum736 8774.423.903.593.512.512.492.502.502.492.602.522.452.412.242.162.021.951.801.681.56
Erzincan239 6253.922.652.122.541.821.821.911.881.901.821.821.891.731.641.651.531.581.391.341.35
Bayburt82 836not a provincenot a province2.973.292.382.312.162.302.132.182.091.961.831.841.711.611.601.421.351.30
Ağrı491 4894.974.425.315.494.224.384.134.114.014.043.843.733.633.293.192.892.742.522.202.16
Kars268 9914.913.843.643.762.903.052.882.922.742.752.642.592.542.352.252.111.981.861.681.60
Iğdır205 071not a provincenot a province3.644.173.063.163.123.103.213.193.052.982.822.702.572.282.222.011.791.69
Ardahan90 392not a provincenot a province3.642.952.352.252.252.212.112.242.172.012.051.911.881.751.821.641.461.45
Central East Anatolia3 870 1583.002.952.852.822.822.872.752.672.652.522.432.232.122.021.811.78
Malatya755 8543.663.122.592.562.082.061.991.991.962.052.011.991.991.901.811.661.641.591.381.44
Elazığ605 6783.922.562.612.522.021.981.981.971.932.041.991.961.961.861.791.721.601.521.431.41
Bingöl282 2995.574.494.573.562.562.552.522.492.492.632.422.442.392.372.272.112.001.821.671.61
Tunceli85 0834.873.912.911.901.561.471.501.531.551.621.691.581.561.641.691.581.491.411.311.26
Van1 112 0135.174.915.536.003.933.843.663.583.643.543.373.203.152.962.852.562.352.292.031.98
Muş389 1275.524.185.364.183.933.943.663.653.593.713.493.373.423.253.172.862.782.542.252.23
Bitlis360 4236.014.955.925.033.803.713.523.493.443.473.403.303.233.072.902.702.652.492.212.15
Hakkâri282 2994.915.697.416.693.353.183.142.993.013.032.762.602.582.432.382.192.072.021.901.74
Southeast Anatolia9 587 9924.614.374.313.593.573.483.533.483.633.523.383.363.233.032.852.872.722.462.44
Gaziantep2 222 4154.433.833.633.833.153.073.043.153.173.283.193.062.942.862.632.482.492.402.112.11
Adıyaman617 8215.553.804.723.662.762.792.772.792.752.902.872.782.792.692.562.372.372.251.941.97
Kilis157 363not a provincenot a provincenot a province3.542.933.012.832.992.963.133.032.872.842.762.572.492.482.362.072.04
Şanlıurfa2 265 8004.163.624.364.834.574.584.464.474.414.574.424.354.334.163.913.733.823.613.283.28
Diyarbakır1.852 3564.424.124.744.513.233.243.193.233.163.303.223.133.132.972.792.552.542.432.232.20
Mardin903 5765.154.295.594.983.463.533.353.463.333.553.463.263.293.163.012.782.802.632.402.32
Batman662 626not a provincenot a province5.795.273.703.643.433.423.343.413.253.113.082.912.722.562.572.392.182.12
Şırnak573 666not a provincenot a province5.837.064.694.514.264.214.194.274.093.513.763.633.403.253.192.962.732.62
Siirt332 3694.674.766.336.054.234.123.963.853.703.893.563.473.333.182.932.892.712.482.232.14

Ethnicity

[edit]
See also:Minorities in Turkey

Modern Turkey was founded byMustafa Kemal Atatürk assecular (Laiklik, Turkish adaptation ofFrenchLaïcité), i.e. without astate religion, or separate ethnic divisions/ identities. The concept of "minorities" has only been accepted by the Republic of Turkey as defined by theTreaty of Lausanne (1923) and thence strictly limited toGreeks,Jews andArmenians, only based on religious affiliation, excluding from the scope of the concept the ethnic identities of these minorities as of others such as the Kurds who make up 15% of the country; others include Assyrians of various Christian denominations, Alevis and all the others.[31][32][33][34] Provisions of the Lausanne Treaty were extended toBulgarians in Turkey by theTurkey-Bulgaria Friendship Treaty (Türkiye ve Bulgaristan Arasındaki Dostluk Antlaşması) of 18 October 1925.[33][35][36][37] According to theMinistry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey), as of 2008, there were 89,000 Turkish citizens belonging to one of the three recognized minorities, two thirds of Armenian descent.[38] On 18 June 2013, the Ankara 13th Circuit Administrative Court unanimously ruled that the Assyrians were included as beneficiaries of the Lausanne Treaty,[39] so that Assyrians were allowed to open the first school teaching in their mother tongue.[40][41]

The wordTurk or Turkish also has a wider meaning in a historical context because, at times, especially in the past, it has been used to refer to all Muslim inhabitants of theOttoman Empire irrespective of their ethnicity.[42]

According to the 2016 edition of the CIA World Factbook, 70–75% of Turkey's population consists of ethnic Turks, with Kurds accounting for 19% and other minorities between 6 and 11%.[5]According toMilliyet, a 2008 report prepared for theNational Security Council of Turkey by academics of threeTurkish universities in eastern Anatolia suggested that there are approximately 55 million ethnicTurks, 9.6 millionKurds, 3 millionZazas, 2.5 millionCircassians, 2 millionBosniaks, 500,000–1.3 millionAlbanians, 1,000,000Georgians, 870,000Arabs, 600,000Pomaks, 80,000Laz, 60,000Armenians, 30,000British, 25,000Assyrians, 20,000Jews, 15,000Greeks, and 500Yazidis living in Turkey.[43]

According to a survey published in 2022 by Konda Research, Turks make up 77% of the population, while 19% self-identify as Kurd. Arabs (Syrian refugees excluded) make up 2%, and other ethnic groups are 2% of the population.[44]

Since the immigration to the big cities in the west of Turkey, interethnic marriage has become more common. A recent study estimates that there are 2,708,000 marriages between Turks and Kurds.[45]

According to a survey done in March 2020 by Area Araştırma, 20.4% of the total population of Turkey claim to be Kurdish (either Kurmanji speaking or Zazaki speaking).

Ethnolinguistic estimates in 2014 byEthnologue andJacques Leclerc:[46][47][48]

PeoplePopulationPercentageLanguageStatus
AnatolianTurks53,402,00070.6%Turkish1 (National)
KurmanjiKurds8,127,00010.7%Kurmanji3 (Wider communication)
Turcophones,Kurds5,881,0007.7%Turkish1 (National)
Zaza1,155,0001.5%Zaza5 (Developing)
Arabs1,133,0001.4%Levantine Arabic
Kabardians,Circassians1,062,0001.4 %Kabardian5 (Developing)
IraqiArabs722,0000.9%Mesopotamian Arabic6a (Vigorous)
Azerbaijani540,0000.7%Azerbaijani5 (Developing)
Romani500,000 (1985)0.7%Romani,Domari
Gagauzes418,0000.5%Balkan Gagauz Turkish7 (Shifting)
Pomaks351,0000.4%Bulgarian5 (Dispersed)
Pontic Greeks321,0000.4%Pontic Greek6a (Vigorous)
Adyghe,Circassians316,0000.4%Adyghe5 (Developing)
AleviKurds184,0000.2%Zazaki
Georgians151,0000,1 %Georgian6b (Threatened)
Bosniaks101,0000.1%Bosnian
Chechens101,0000.1%Chechen
Crimean Tatars100,0000.1%Crimean Tatar5 (Developing)
Lazi93,0000.1%Laz language6b (Threatened)
Karakalpaks74,000Karakalpak
Albanians66,000Tosk Albanian6b (Threatened)
Armenians61,000Armenian6b (Threatened)
Abkhazians44,000Abkhazian6b (Threatened)
Han Chinese38,000Chinese
Ossetians37,000Ossetian
British35,000English
Bulgarians32,000Bulgarian
Jews30,000Turkish,Ladino7 (Shifting)
Tatars26,000Tatar
Assyrians25,000Neo-Aramaic
Pakistanis22,000Urdu
Assyrians15,000Turoyo6b (Threatened)
Turks other (Hemshin,Meskhetian Turks,Gajal)57,000Turkish
Kurds other (Herki and Shikaki)62,000Kurdish
Other180,000
Total75,566,800

Languages

[edit]
Main article:Languages of Turkey
See also:Turkic peoples,Iranic peoples, andMinorities in Turkey

No exact data are available concerning the different ethnic groups in Turkey. The last census data according to language date from 1965 and major changes may have occurred since then. However, it is clear that theTurkish are in the majority, while the largest minority groups areKurds andArabs. Smaller minorities are theArmenians,Greeks and others.

LanguageCensus 1927Census 1935Census 1945Census 1950Census 1955Census 1960Census 1965
Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%
Turkish11,778,81086.4213,899,07386.0216,598,03788.3418,254,85187.1521,622,29289.8525,172,53590.7028,175,57989.76
Kurdish1,184,4468.691,480,2469.161,476,5627.91,680,0438.021,679,2656.981,847,6746.662,219,5997.07
Zazaki174,5260.70150,6440.48
Arabic134,2730.98153,6870.95247,2941.3269,0381.28300,5831.25347,6901.25365,3401.16
Circassian95,9010.7091,9720.5766,6910.475,8370.3677,6110.3263,1370.2358,3390.19
Greek119,8220.88108,7250.6788,6800.4789,4720.4379,6910.3365,1390.2348,0960.15
Armenian64,7450.4857,5990.3647,7280.352,7760.2556,2350.2352,7560.1933,0940.11
Georgian––57,3250.3540,0760.2172,6040.3551,9830.2232,9440.1234,3300.11
Laz––63,2530.3939,3230.2170,4230.3430,5660.1321,7030.0826,0070.08
other251,4911.85227,5441.41185,7830.99207,6180.99166,5370.69151,2420.54280,4030.89
Total13,629.48810016,157,45010018,790,17410020,947,18810024,064,76310027,754,82010031,391,421100
Sources:[49][50][51][52][53][54][55]

A possible list of ethnic groups living in Turkey could be as follows:[56]

  1. Turkic-speaking peoples:Turks,Azerbaijanis,Tatars,Karachays,Uzbeks,Crimean Tatars,Kyrgyzs andUyghurs
  2. Indo-European-speaking peoples:Kurds,Zazas,[57]Bosniaks,Albanians,Pomaks,Ossetians,Armenians,Megleno-Romanians,[48]Hamshenis,Goranis andGreeks
  3. Semitic-speaking peoples:Arabs,Jews andAssyrians
  4. Caucasian-speaking peoples:Circassians,Georgians,Lazs andChechens

Religion

[edit]
Further information:Religion in Turkey
See also:Freedom of religion in Turkey andSecularism in Turkey

Turkey has officially been asecular country since its1924 constitution was amended in 1928. This was later strengthened and entrenched with the wider appliance oflaicism by founder Atatürk during the mid-1930s, as part of theRepublican reforms.

There are no official statistics of people's religious beliefs nor is it asked in the census. According to theUnited States Department of State'sInternational Religious Freedom Report 2008, the Turkish government considers 99 percent of the population isMuslim, the majority of which isHanafi Sunni.[58] A similar figure can be found in the current USCentral Intelligence Agency (CIA)the World Factbook (99.8%).[5] The remaining 0.2% is other - mostly Christians and Jews.[5] However, these are based on the existing religion information written on every citizen's nationalid card, that is automatically passed on from the parents to every newborn, and do not necessarily represent individual choice. Religious records can be changed or even blanked on the request of citizen, by filing ane-government application since May 2020, using a validelectronic signature to sign the electronic application. Any change in religion records additionally results in a new ID card being issued. Any change in religion record also leaves a permanent trail in thecensus record, however, record of change of religion is not accessible except for the citizen in question, next-of-kins of the citizen in question, the citizenship administration and courts.[59]

In 2023, according toIpsos, 83% are Muslim, 12% haveno religion, 2% prefer not to say, 2% are Christian and 2% are other religions.[60] In a similar survey in 2016, Islam comprised 82% of the total population, followed by 7% no religion, 6%Spiritual but not religious, 2%Christian, 1%Buddhist and 1% other.[61]

In 2018, a poll conducted byEurobarometer andKONDA Research and Consultancy and some other research institutes showed that 3% of those interviewed had no religion.[62][63] In 2013, the same institutions showed that around 0.5% of the population had no religion.

Between 8 million[64] and 20 million Turks areAlevis.[58]

In 2006, in a poll conducted bySabancı University, 98.3% of Turks revealed they were Muslim.[65]In 2005, a Eurobarometer poll on Europeans views onethics in science and technology reported 95% of Turkish citizens answered that "they believe there is a God", while about 2% responded "I believe there is some sort of spirit or life force", about 1% that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God, or life force" and about 1% "DK" (that they don't know).[66] Similar figures were found in some other European countries.[66]

There is concern over the future of theGreek Orthodox Patriarchate, which suffers from a lack of trainedclergy due to the closure of theHalki seminary. The state does not recognise the Ecumenical status of thePatriarch of Constantinople.[67]

Muslim and non-Muslim population in Turkey, 1914–2005 (in thousands)[68]
Year191419271945196519902005
Muslims12,94113,29018,51131,13956,86071,997
Greeks1,5491101047683
Armenians1,2047760646750
Jews1288277382927
Others1767138745045
Total15,99713,63018,79031,39157,00572,120
Percentage non-Muslim19.12.51.50.80.30.2

The percentage of non-Muslims in Turkey fell from 19.1% in 1914 to 2.5% percent in 1927.[68] The drop was the result of thelate Ottoman genocides, thepopulation exchange between Greece and Turkey[69] and theemigration of Christians.[70] The 1942Wealth Tax on non-Muslims, the emigration of many of Turkish Jews to Israel after 1948, and the 1955Istanbul pogrom further contributed to the decline of Turkey's non-Muslim population.

Religiosity

[edit]

In 2018, according to a KONDA survey, thereligiosity was the following:[71][72]

  • 51% defined themselves as"a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations" (Religious)
  • 34% defined themselves as"a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations" (Not religious).
  • 10% defined themselves as"a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations" (Fully devout).
  • 2% defined themselves as "someone who does not believe in religious obligations" (Non-believer).
  • 3% defined themselves as "someone with no religious conviction" (Atheist).

Among those aged between 15 and 29 years old:[73]

  • 43% defined themselves as"a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations" (Religious)
  • 45% defined themselves as"a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations" (Not religious).
  • 5% defined themselves as"a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations" (Fully devout).
  • 4% defined themselves as "someone who does not believe in religious obligations" (Non-believer).
  • 4% defined themselves as "someone with no religious conviction" (Atheist).

According to the 2007 KONDA survey:[74]

  • 52.8% defined themselves as"a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations" (Religious)
  • 34.3 % defined themselves as"a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations" (Not religious).
  • 9.7% defined themselves as"a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations" (Fully devout).
  • 2.3% defined themselves as "someone who does not believe in religious obligations" (Non-believer).
  • 0.9% defined themselves as "someone with no religious conviction" (Atheist).

In a 2006Pew Research Center survey, 69% of Turkey's Muslims said that "religion is very important in their lives".[75] Based on the Gallup Poll 2006–08, Turkey was defined asMore religious, in which over 63 percent of people believe religion is important.[76][77]

Around 2007, according to theTurkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation, 62% of women wore the headscarf orhijab in Turkey.[78][79][80]

Headscarf

[edit]

The survey reported that 44.5% of women who lived in metropolitan areas wore the headscarf, increasing to 62.8% in towns and 74.1% in the countryside. There was also an increase in the percentage of women wearing headscarves going from west to east across the country.[81]

Headscarf Usage by Age Group in Turkey (KONDA, 2013)
Age GroupPercentage Wearing Headscarf (%)
18–2743.8%
28–4365.4%
44+76.1%
Headscarf Usage by Education Level in Turkey (KONDA, 2013)
Education LevelPercentage Wearing Headscarf (%)
University graduate11.3%
High school24.5%
Middle school56.1%
Elementary school79.7%
Not completed elementary school90.8%
Headscarf Usage by Region in Turkey (KONDA, 2013)
RegionPercentage Wearing Headscarf (%)
Aegean50.3%
Marmara (includes Istanbul)51.2%
Mediterranean Coast54.8%
Central Anatolia67.4%
Eastern Anatolia70.3%
Eastern Black Sea Coast74.5%
South East (mainly Kurdish areas)84.6%

Migration

[edit]

Immigration

[edit]
Main article:Immigration to Turkey
Registered Syrian refugees under temporary protection status over years

Immigration to Turkey is the process by which peoplemigrate toTurkey to reside in the country. After thedissolution of the Ottoman Empire followingTurkish War of Independence, and The 1923Population exchange between Greece and Turkey,exodus by the large portion ofTurkish (Turkic) andMuslim peoples from theBalkans (Balkan Turks,Albanians,Bosniaks,Pomaks),Caucasus (Abkhazians,Ajarians,Circassians,Chechens,Lezgins),Crimea (Crimean Tatar diaspora), andCrete (Cretan Turks) took refuge in present-day Turkey and moulded the country's fundamental features. Trends of immigration towards Turkey continue to this day, although the motives are more varied and are usually in line with the patterns of globalimmigration movements — Turkey, for example, receives many economic migrants from nearby countries such asArmenia,Moldova,Georgia,Iran, andAzerbaijan, but also fromCentral Asia,Ukraine andRussia.Turkey's migrant crisis during the 2010s saw high numbers of people arriving in Turkey, particularlythose fleeing theSyrian civil war.

In 2022, nearly 100,000 Russian citizens migrated to Turkey, becoming the first in the list of foreigners who moved to Turkey, meaning an increase of more than 218% from 2021.[82]

In order to obtainTurkish citizenship there is a range of legal grounds, which can include: reunification with their family, marriage to a Turkish citizen, for the purchase of real estate worth $400,000 from a Turkish citizen or company.[83] The minimum investment amount was increased in May 2022, previously it was enough to invest $250,000. Also the basis is to work in Turkey, training, business, medical treatment, refugee status. More than 240,000 Syrian citizens acquired Turkish citizenship since 2011.[84]

Population in Turkey by country of citizenship at the end of each years:[16]

Country of Citizenship202520242023202220212020
Total people living in Turkey186 092 168 (100%)85 664 944 (100%)85 372 377 (100%)85 279 553 (100%)84 680 273 (100%)83 614 362 (100%)
Turkey84 572 653 (98.24%)84 184 397 (98.27%)83 801 834 (98.16%)83 455 717 (97.86%)82 888 237 (97.88%)82 280 952 (98.41%)
Total foreign population11 519 515 (1.76%)1 480 547 (1.73%)1 570 543 (1.84%)1 823 836 (2.14%)1 792 036 (2.12%)1 333 410 (1.59%)
Turkmenistan170 411 (0.20%)113 762 (0.13%)110 349 (0.13%)116 447 (0.14%)123 965 (0.15%)91 218 (0.11%)
Iraq147 469 (0.17%)177 988 (0.21%)217 476 (0.25%)275 305 (0.32%)322 015 (0.38%)281 074 (0.34%)
Afghanistan132 707 (0.15%)139 251 (0.16%)164 131 (0.19%)186 160 (0.22%)183 567 (0.22%)158 252 (0.19%)
Germany111 218 (0.13%)115 958 (0.14%)114 293 (0.13%)110 453 (0.13%)102 592 (0.12%)92 284 (0.11%)
Azerbaijan92 830 (0.11%)80 133 (0.09%)70 971 (0.08%)68 884 (0.08%)68 562(0.08%)48 495 (0.06%)
Iran91 672 (0.11%)95 924 (0.11%)101 164 (0.12%)117 026 (0.14%)128 883 (0.15%)68 561 (0.08%)
Russian Federation75 914 (0.09%)85 752 (0.10%)102 585 (0.12%)151 049 (0.18%)66 786 (0.08%)43 679 (0.05%)
Syria75 202 (0.09%)72 367 (0.08%)79 952 (0.09%)99 360 (0.12%)104 554 (0.12%)88 907 (0.11%)
Uzbekistan64 298 (0.07%)59 132 (0.07%)54 594 (0.06%)61 754 (0.07%)71 145 (0.08%)36 510 (0.04%)
Egypt43 271 (0.05%)28 304 (0.03%)28 451 (0.03%)33 040 (0.04%)34 162 (0.04%)25 475 (0.03%)
Kazakhstan42 592 (0.05%)44 445 (0.05%)44 133 (0.05%)45 530 (0.05%)39 454 (0.05%)23 645 (0.03%)
Ukraine35 744 (0.04%)35 446 (0.04%)40 483 (0.05%)50 357 (0.06%)23 377 (0.03%)17 505 (0.02%)
Kyrgyzstan24 815 (0.03%)23 802 (0.03%)22 477 (0.03%)24 485 (0.03%)26 541 (0.03%)18 019 (0.02%)
Palestine24 478 (0.03%)23 569 (0.03%)21 612 (0.03%)26 278 (0.03%)28 027 (0.03%)17 915 (0.02%)
Austria22 374 (0.03%)22 231 (0.03%)22 102 (0.03%)21 311 (0.02%)19 900 (0.02%)18 047 (0.02%)
Indonesia21 488 (0.02%)16 089 (0.02%)12 301 (0.01%)11 280 (0.01%)10 219 (0.01%)5 226 (0.01%)
Pakistan18 660 (0.02%)14 384 (0.02%)13 903 (0.02%)16 505 (0.02%)17 290 (0.02%)7 248 (0.01%)
Bulgaria17 468 (0.02%)17 315 (0.02%)16 899 (0.02%)16 612 (0.02%)15 426 (0.02%)14 195 (0.02%)
Morocco17 268 (0.02%)16 914 (0.02%)16 699 (0.02%)18 482 (0.02%)20 520 (0.02%)12 122 (0.01%)
China15 047 (0.02%)15 107 (0.02%)14 030 (0.02%)16 880 (0.02%)20 486 (0.02%)18 740 (0.02%)
Greece14 560 (0.02%)14 496 (0.02%)14 164 (0.02%)13 583 (0.02%)12 569 (0.01%)12 137 (0.01%)
Yemen14 068 (0.02%)14 748 (0.02%)16 386 (0.02%)19 099 (0.02%)18 094 (0.02%)14 927 (0.02%)
United Kingdom13 386 (0.02%)14 386 (0.02%)15 734 (0.02%)17 193 (0.02%)16 440 (0.02%)13 985 (0.02%)
Jordan11 431 (0.01%)14 343 (0.02%)17 098 (0.02%)22 733 (0.03%)23 656 (0.03%)14 260 (0.02%)
Libya11 527 (0.01%)11 644 (0.01%)15 621 (0.02%)21 677 (0.03%)24 188 (0.03%)18 607 (0.02%)
Somalia7 916 (<0.01%)10 815 (0.01%)14 011 (0.02%)20 906 (0.02%)28 081 (0.03%)17 245 (0.02%)
Georgia9 910 (0.01%)10 725 (0.01%)11 851 (0.01%)14 680 (0.02%)19 276 (0.02%)15 661 (0.02%)
Algeria9 328 (0.01%)9 815 (0.01%)10 145 (0.01%)12 248 (0.01%)10 698 (0.01%)5 914 (0.01%)
Sudan9 574 (0.01%)9 632 (0.01%)10 371 (0.01%)11 613 (0.01%)9 538 (0.01%)3 193 (<0.01%)
India9 271 (0.01%)7 639 (0.01%)6 699 (0.01%)4 669 (0.01%)3 092 (<0.01%)
United States8 840 (0.01%)9 621 (0.01%)10 655 (0.01%)12 793 (0.02%)12 773 (0.02%)9 032 (0.01%)
Netherlands7 573 (<0.01%)7 587 (0.01%)7 786 (0.01%)8 104 (0.01%)7 686 (0.01%)6 550 (0.01%)
Tajikistan5 824 (<0.01%)6 486 (0.01%)6 251 (0.01%)7 153 (0.01%)7 965 (0.01%)3 626 (<0.01%)
Kuwait5 723 (<0.01%)5 912 (0.01%)5 699 (0.01%)6 190 (0.01%)5 498 (0.01%)3 559 (<0.01%)
Nigeria5 613 (<0.01%)7 252 (0.01%)9 196 (0.01%)12 928 (0.02%)12 920 (0.02%)7 120 (0.01%)
Lebanon5 491 (<0.01%)7 340 (0.01%)8 864 (0.01%)12 430 (0.01%)13 242 (0.02%)5 943 (0.01%)
Tunisia4 782 (<0.01%)5 105 (0.01%)5 172 (0.01%)6 075 (0.01%)6 033 (0.01%)2 961 (<0.01%)
Moldova4 754 (<0.01%)5 257 (0.01%)5 842 (0.01%)6 790 (0.01%)7 546 (0.01%)6 295 (0.01%)
France4 268 (<0.01%)4 237 (<0.01%)4 102 (<0.01%)4 526 (0.01%)4 294 (0.01%)3 181 (<0.01%)
Belarus3 828 (<0.01%)4 207 (<0.01%)4 440 (0.01%)5 169 (0.01%)3 873 (<0.01%)
Chad3 099 (<0.01%)2 599 (<0.01%)
Ethiopia2 718 (<0.01%)3 036 (<0.01%)3 724 (<0.01%)6 165 (0.01%)6 633 (0.01%)2 936 (<0.01%)
1: excludingSyrian refugees under temporary protection status and foreigners holding visas or residence permits shorter than 90 days

Net Migration

[edit]
Net Migration Data for Turkey (2016–present)
YearTotal ImmigrationTotal EmigrationTotal Net MigrationTurkish ImmigrationTurkish EmigrationTurkish Net MigrationForeign ImmigrationForeign EmigrationForeign Net Migration
2016380,921177,960202,961107,05269,32637,726273,869108,634165,235
2017466,333253,640212,693101,772113,326-11,554364,561140,314224,247
2018577,457323,918253,539110,567136,740-26,743466,890187,178279,712
2019677,042320,289346,75398,55484,86313,691578,488245,426333,062
2020340,845420,643-79,61898,34977,31020,539242,496342,653-100,157
2021739,364287,651451,713124,269103,61320,656615,095184,038431,057
2022494,052466,91427,13894,409139,531-45,122399,643327,38372,260
2023316,456714,579-398,123101,677291,377-189,700214,779432,202-208,423
2024314,588424,345-109,757103,732151,140-47,408210,856273,205-62,349

[85]

Internal migration

[edit]
Place of origin (rows) versus place of residence (columns) for Turkish citizens in 2014[12]
RegionsİstanbulWest MarmaraAegeanEast MarmaraWest AnatoliaMediterraneanCentral AnatoliaWest Black SeaEast Black SeaNortheast AnatoliaCentral East AnatoliaSoutheast AnatoliaTotal Population
İstanbul2,162,58879,00972,12384,68938,80238,6734,85811,9769,1473,5333,6674,7542,513,819
West Marmara523,7252,378,938187,256135,36444,40927,3765,14010,2384,5135,2737,1108,8613,338,203
Aegean297,14376,5187,047,801210,522134,073166,78516,60622,25210,35414,93620,38828,2248,045,602
East Marmara520,69867,299131,5864,317,877187,04361,78210,71533.37110,7018,0749,77512,2865,371,207
West Anatolia272,83535,919259,387127,7943,721,634192,93449,94229,5458,46810,36013,72720,8504,743,395
Mediterranean470,67353,295250,529111,393228,3987,329,964100,72932,46116,96321,66746,013181,8748,843,959
Central Anatolia1,346,00792,421297,114235,4071,223,857305,3433,466,97170,72916,60420,20432,15336,8187,143,628
West Black Sea2,637,016186,103252,628458,730956,151133,05354,5783,982,18542,93518,87821,75727,7358,771,749
East Black Sea1,918,80596,494152,843529,110241,80170,82319,104198,8692,382,70433,85411,85213,1405,669,399
Northeast Anatolia1,580,876120,086504,588593,882344,929101,60063,02934,65632,7612,009,25339,92120,5765,446,157
Central East Anatolia1,293,15786,315359,161299,390167,451393,10231,61222,06411,07031,7093,438,577133,8626,267,470
Southeast Anatolia1,197,95965,538445,279174,765156,4891,002,77133,87623,66611,68922,036150,0287,738,94111,023,037
Total population14,221,4823,337,9359,960,2957,278,9237,445,0379,824,2063,857,1604,472,0122,557,9092,199,7773,794,9688,227,92177,177,625

See also

[edit]

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Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abcdeAll data taken from Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat). Data is forxxxx-12-31.

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