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Demographics of Greece

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Demographics ofGreece
Population pyramid ofGreece in 2023
Population	10,409,500 (2025 est.)^[1]
Density	78.70/km² (203.8/sq mi) (2024 est.)
Growth rate	-0.47% (2025 est.)
Birth rate	6.6 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate	11 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Life expectancy	81.9 years (2024 est.)
• male	79.4 years
• female	84.6 years
Fertility rate	1.19 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Infant mortality rate	3.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Net migration rate	1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years	13.9%
15–64 years	62.6%
65 and over	23.6% (2024 est.)
Sex ratio
Total	0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
At birth	1.07 male(s)/female
Under 15	1.06 male(s)/female
15–64 years	1 male(s)/female
65 and over	0.8 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality	Greek
Language
Official	Greek
Spoken	Languages of Greece

TheDemographics of Greece refer to thedemography of the population that inhabits the country. The population ofGreece was estimated by Eurostat to be 10,409,500 in 2025. The latest census in Greece was conducted in 2021.^[2]

Historical overview

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Greece was inhabited as early as thePaleolithic period. TheGreek language ultimately dominated the peninsula and Greece's mosaic of small city-states became culturally similar. The population estimates on the Greeks during the 4th century BC, is approximately 3.5 million on the Greek peninsula and 4 to 6.5 million in the rest of the entireMediterranean Basin,^[3] including all colonies such as those inMagna Graecia,Asia Minor and the shores of theBlack Sea.

During the history of theByzantine Empire, the Greek peninsula was occasionally invaded by the foreign peoples likeGoths,Avars,Slavs,Normans,Franks and otherRomance-speaking peoples who had betrayed theCrusades. The only group, however, that planned to establish permanent settlements in the region were the Slavs. They settled in isolated valleys of thePeloponnese andThessaly, establishing segregated communities that were referred by the Byzantines asSclaveni. Traces of Slavic culture in Greece are very rare and by the 9th century, the Sclaveni in Greece were largely assimilated. However, some Slavic communities managed to survive in ruralMacedonia. At the same time a largeSephardi Jewish emigrant community from theIberian Peninsula established itself inThessaloniki, while there were population movements ofArvanites and "Vlachs" (Aromanians andMegleno-Romanians), who established communities in several parts of the Greek peninsula. The Byzantine Empire ultimately fell toOttoman Turks in the 15th century and as a result Ottoman colonies were established in theBalkans, notably in Macedonia, the Peloponnese andCrete. Many Greeks either fled to other European nations or to geographically isolated areas (i.e. mountains and heavily forested territories) to escape foreign rule. For those reasons, the population decreased in the plains, while increasing on the mountains. Thepopulation transfers withBulgaria andTurkey that took place in the early 20th century, added in total some two million Greeks to the demography of theGreek Kingdom.^[4]

During the next decades, the population of Greece continued to increase, except during a large part of 1940s due to World War II and subsequent events. After 1940s the population of Greece continued to grow, though on a decreased pace after 1960s, due to a gradual decrease in fertility and emigration to various countries, such asWest Germany, Australia, United Kingdom and many others. The birth rate decreased significantly in 1980s, while in 1987 the Greek population surpassed 10 million. At this time Greece had started to see a positive migration rate, due to the return of Greek Civil War refugees and international immigration. During the 1990s the population increased by close to 1 million, as the collapse of the communist governments in Eastern Europe and the economic downturn resulted in a significant influx of Eastern European immigrants to Greece, especially from the Balkans, including many diaspora Greeks returning home. In the 2000s the population continued to increase reaching 11 million, thanks to an increased birth rate, a stable influx of migrants from other countries and the return of Greeks from United States, Germany, Australia and other countries. In the 2010s, in the wake of theGreek financial crisis, the population started to decrease and birthrates plummeted, while death rates increased due to an aging population. Many Greeks emigrated abroad, while more recently the population decrease has been largely stabilized due to foreign immigration.

Recent Demographics

Population

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Main article:Demographic history of Greece

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
−1500	1,500,000	—
−400	20,000,000	+0.24%
600	10,000,000	−0.07%
1600	700,000	−0.27%
1800	2,500,000	+0.64%
1928	6,204,684	+0.71%
1940	7,344,860	+1.42%
1951	7,632,801	+0.35%
1961	8,398,050	+0.96%
1971	8,831,036	+0.50%
1981	9,729,350	+0.97%
1991	10,258,364	+0.53%
2001	10,934,097	+0.64%
2011	10,816,286	−0.11%
2021	10,482,487	−0.31%
Source:Hellenic Statistical Authority

By region

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Greece is divided into nine geographicregions. The population of each region according to the 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001,2011 and2021 censuses is represented in the table below, comparing the change in population over a 50-year period. The latest population estimates by theHellenic Statistical Authority are also included.

^[6]^[7]^[8]

Region	Population (1971)	Population (1981)	Population (1991)	Population (2001)	Population (2011)	Population (2021)	Population (2024)^[9]
Aegean Islands	417,813	428,030	456,555	508,807	508,246	522,763	528,253
Central Greece	3,532,248	4,125,463	4,366,900	4,591,568	4,586,626	4,514,663	4,476,345
Crete	456,642	501.909	536,433	601,131	623,065	624,408	622,491
Epirus	310,334	323.871	327,176	353,822	336,856	319,991	321,108
Ionian Islands	184,443	182.327	189,338	212,984	207,855	204,532	200,642
Macedonia	1,890,684	2,116,361	2,225,690	2,424,765	2,402,771	2,266,206	2,239,929
Peloponnese	986,912	1,014,485	1,045,020	1,155,019	1,046,897	995,410	985,134
Thessaly	659,913	695,724	729,268	753,888	732,762	688,255	678,747
Thrace	329,582	341,180	340,755	362,038	371,208	346,259	348,071
Total	8,768,372	9,729,350	10,223,392	10,964,020	10,816,286	10,482,487	10,400,720

Increase / Decrease = change since previous census

Fertility rate

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Thetotal fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources:Our World In Data andGapminder Foundation.^[10]

Years	1850	1851	1852	1853	1854	1855	1856	1857	1858	1859	1860^[10]
Total fertility rate in Greece	6.03	5.81	5.59	5.36	5.14	4.92	4.7	4.47	4.25	4.03	3.81

Years	1861	1862	1863	1864	1865	1866	1867	1868	1869	1870^[10]
Total fertility rate in Greece	3.95	3.87	3.78	3.94	3.73	4.03	3.83	3.85	3.86	3.77

Years	1871	1872	1873	1874	1875	1876	1877	1878	1879	1880^[10]
Total fertility rate in Greece	3.81	3.83	3.7	3.91	3.78	3.97	3.82	3.64	3.32	3.27

Years	1881	1882	1883	1884	1885	1886	1887	1888	1889	1890^[10]
Total fertility rate in Greece	3.28	3.38	3.35	3.83	3.82	4.01	4.19	4.38	4.57	4.73

Years	1891	1892	1893	1894	1895	1896	1897	1898	1899	1900^[10]
Total fertility rate in Greece	4.8	4.88	4.95	5.03	5.1	5.18	5.25	5.32	5.4	5.47

Years	1901	1902	1903	1904	1905	1906	1907	1908	1909	1910^[10]
Total fertility rate in Greece	5.35	5.22	5.1	4.97	4.85	4.72	4.6	4.47	4.35	4.22

Years	1911	1912	1913	1914	1915	1916	1917	1918	1919	1920^[10]
Total fertility rate in Greece	4.09	3.97	3.84	3.72	3.59	3.47	3.34	3.22	3.09	2.97

Life expectancy

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Life expectancy in Greece since 1960 by gender

Period	Life expectancy in Years	Period	Life expectancy in Years
1950–1955	65.8	1985–1990	75.6
1955–1960	67.2	1990–1995	77.4
1960–1965	69.3	1995–2000	78.1
1965–1970	70.1	2000–2005	79.1
1970–1975	71.8	2005–2010	80.0
1975–1980	72.8	2010–2015	80.6
1980–1985	74.5	2015–2020	81.2

Source:UN World Population Prospects^[11]

Age structure

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Being part of the phenomenon of theaging of Europe, the Greek population shows a rapid increase of the percentage of the elderly people. Greece's population census of 1961 found that 10.9% of the total population was above the age of 65, while the percentage of this group age increased to 19.0% in 2011. In contrast, the percentage of the population of the ages 0–14 had a total decrease of 10.2% between 1961 and 2011.

Age group	1971		1981		1991		2001		2011		2021
Age group	Population	%	Population	%	Population	%	Population	%	Population	%	Population	%
0–14	2,223,904	25.4	2,307,297	23.7	1,974,867	19.2	1,664,085	15.2	1,576,500	14.4	1,510,736	14.1
15–64	5,587,352	63.7	6,192,751	63.6	6,880,681	67.1	7,468,395	68.1	7,122,830	66.6	6,760,040	63.3
65+	957,116	10.9	1,239,541	12.7	1,404,352	13.7	1,831,540	16.7	2,108,807	19.0	2,407,856	22.6
Total	8,768,372		9,739,589		10,259,900		10,964,020		10,816,286		10,678,632

Vital statistics

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Vital statistics from 1833

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Source:Hellenic Statistical Authority^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20] Territorial changes of Greece occurred in 1881 (the addition ofThessaly), 1913 (the addition ofMacedonia,Epirus, and theAegean islands) and in 1923-1925 (Population exchange between Greece and Turkey)

Notable events in Greek demography:

1881 –Convention of Constantinople
1913 –Treaty of Athens
1923 –Treaty of Lausanne
1946–1949 –Refugees of the Greek Civil War
1967–1974 –Greek junta
2010–today –Greek economic crisis

	Average population ^{[fn 1]}	Live births ^[21]	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)	Crude migration change (per 1000)	Total Fertility Rates^{[fn 2]}^[10]^[22]^[23]
1833	753,000	28,300	20,900	7,400	37.6	27.8	9.8
1834	765,000	28,800	21,300	7,500	37.7	27.8	9.9	5.93
1835	777,000	29,300	21,700	7,600	37.7	27.9	9.8	5.71
1836	789,000	29,800	22,000	7,800	37.8	27.9	9.9	5.36
1837	801,000	30,300	22,400	7,900	37.8	28.0	9.8	5.16
1838	813,000	30,800	22,800	8,000	37.9	28.0	9.8	4.96
1839	825,000	31,400	23,200	8,200	38.1	28.1	10.0	4.88
1840	838,000	32,000	23,600	8,400	38.2	28.2	10.0	4.09
1841	858,000	32,700	24,100	8,600	38.1	28.1	10.0	12.97
1842	878,000	33,500	24,600	8,900	38.1	28.0	10.1	12.79
1843	899,000	34,300	25,100	9,200	38.1	27.9	10.2	13.51
1844	920,000	35,100	25,600	9,500	38.2	27.8	10.4	13.52
1845	941,000	36,000	26,100	9,900	38.2	27.7	10.5	12.04
1846	963,000	36,800	26,700	10,100	38.2	27.7	10.5	12.39
1847	985,000	37,700	27,200	10,500	38.3	27.6	10.7	11.70
1848	1,008,000	38,600	27,800	10,800	38.3	27.6	10.7	11.84
1849	1,021,000	39,100	28,200	10,900	38.3	27.6	10.7	2.66
1850	1,031,000	36,200	25,400	10,800	35.1	24.6	10.5	-0.78	6.03
1851	1,046,000	36,700	25,900	10,800	35.1	24.8	10.3	3.56	5.81
1852	1,061,000	37,300	26,300	11,000	35.2	24.8	10.4	3.99	5.59
1853	1,076,000	37,800	26,800	11,000	35.1	24.9	10.2	3.74	5.36
1854	1,092,000	38,400	27,300	11,100	35.2	25.0	10.2	4.61	5.14
1855	1,108,000	39,000	27,800	11,200	35.2	25.1	10.1	4.55	4.92
1856	1,124,000	39,500	28,200	11,300	35.1	25.1	10.0	4.48	4.70
1857	1,140,000	40,100	28,700	11,400	35.2	25.2	10.0	4.42	4.47
1858	1,156,000	40,700	29,200	11,500	35.2	25.3	9.9	4.44	4.25
1859	1,173,000	41,300	29,700	11,600	35.2	25.3	9.9	4.64	4.03
1860	1,190,000	41,900	30,200	11,700	35.2	25.4	9.8	4.49	3.71
1861	1,264,000	44,200	31,800	12,400	35.0	25.2	9.8	50.20	3.95
1862	1,286,000	45,000	32,300	12,700	35.0	25.1	9.9	7.29	3.87
1863	1,308,000	45,900	32,800	13,100	35.1	25.1	10.0	6.86	3.78
1864	1,330,000	46,700	33,200	13,500	35.1	25.0	10.1	6.4	3.94
1865	1,353,000	47,600	33,700	13,900	35.2	24.9	10.3	6.8	3.73
1866	1,376,000	48,400	34,200	14,200	35.2	24.9	10.3	6.5	4.03
1867	1,400,000	49,300	34,800	14,500	35.2	24.9	10.4	6.8	3.83
1868	1,424,000	50,200	35,300	14,900	35.2	24.8	10.4	6.4	3.85
1869	1,448,000	51,100	35,900	15,200	35.3	24.8	10.5	6.3	3.86
1870	1,457,000	50,200	33,600	16,600	34.5	23.1	11.4	-0.5	3.77
1871	1,474,000	50,900	34,200	16,700	34.5	23.2	11.3	2.3	3.81
1872	1,491,000	51,700	34,800	16,900	34.7	23.3	11.4	2.7	3.83
1873	1,508,000	52,400	35,200	17,200	34.8	23.3	11.5	2.6	3.70
1874	1,526,000	53,100	35,800	17,300	34.8	23.5	11.3	2.0	3.91
1875	1,544,000	53,800	36,400	17,400	34.8	23.6	11.3	2.0	3.78
1876	1,563,000	54,600	36,900	17,700	34.9	23.6	11.3	1.9	3.97
1877	1,582,000	55,400	37,400	18,000	35.0	23.6	11.4	2.4	3.82
1878	1,602,000	56,200	38,000	18,200	35.1	23.7	11.4	2.4	3.64
1879	1,622,000	57,000	38,600	18,400	35.1	23.8	11.3	2.6	3.32
1880	1,643,000	57,900	39,100	18,800	35.3	23.8	11.4	28.2	3.27
1881	1,709,000	60,300	41,000	19,300	35.3	24.0	11.3	3.0	3.28
1882	1,734,000	61,300	41,700	19,600	35.4	24.1	11.3	3.7	3.38
1883	1,760,000	62,200	42,400	19,800	35.4	24.1	11.3	3.5	3.35
1884	1,786,000	63,000	43,000	20,000	35.3	24.1	11.2	3.5	3.83
1885	1,812,000	63,800	43,500	20,300	35.2	24.0	11.2	3.6	3.82
1886	1,839,000	64,700	44,000	20,700	35.2	23.9	11.3	3.5	4.01
1887	1,867,000	65,700	44,700	21,000	35.2	23.9	11.3	3.5	4.19
1888	1,895,000	66,700	45,300	21,400	35.2	23.9	11.3	3.5	4.38
1889	1,924,000	67,700	45,900	21,800	35.2	23.9	11.3	3.6	4.57
1890	1,953,000	68,700	46,600	22,100	35.2	23.9	11.3	3.7	4.73
1891	1,991,000	70,000	47,400	22,600	35.2	23.8	11.4	8.1	4.80
1892	2,030,000	71,300	48,200	23,100	35.1	23.8	11.4	7.6	4.88
1893	2,070,000	72,600	49,000	23,600	35.1	23.7	11.4	8.2	4.95
1894	2,110,000	73,900	49,800	24,100	35.0	23.6	11.4	7.8	5.03
1895	2,151,000	75,300	50,500	24,800	35.0	23.5	11.5	7.9	5.10
1896	2,193,000	76,700	51,200	25,500	35.0	23.4	11.6	7.6	5.18
1897	2,236,000	78,200	52,000	26,200	35.0	23.3	11.7	7.6	5.25
1898	2,280,000	79,700	52,800	26,900	34.9	23.2	11.7	7.6	5.32
1899	2,324,000	81,200	53,600	27,600	34.9	23.1	11.9	7.1	5.40
1900	2,433,000	84,900	58,200	26,700	34.9	23.9	11.0	34.6	5.47
1901	2,455,000	85,600	58,900	26,700	34.9	24.0	10.9	-1.9	5.35
1902	2,478,000	86,400	59,400	27,000	34.9	24.0	10.9	-1.6	5.22
1903	2,501,000	87,300	60,200	27,100	34.9	24.1	10.8	-1.7	5.10
1904	2,525,000	88,000	60,800	27,200	34.8	24.1	10.7	-1.3	4.97
1905	2,549,000	88,700	61,300	27,400	34.8	24.0	10.8	-1.3	4.85
1906	2,573,000	89,300	61,700	27,600	34.7	24.0	10.7	-1.4	4.72
1907	2,598,000	90,100	62,300	27,800	34.7	24.0	10.7	-1.1	4.60
1908	2,623,000	90,900	63,000	27,900	34.7	24.0	10.6	-1.1	4.47
1909	2,648,000	91,700	63,500	28,200	34.6	24.0	10.6	-1.2	4.35
1910	2,674,000	92,500	64,100	28,400	34.6	24.0	10.6	-0.9	4.22
1911	2,728,000	94,300	65,400	28,900	34.5	24.0	10.5	9.3	4.09
1912	2,761,000	95,200	66,200	29,000	34.5	24.0	10.5	1.5	3.97
1913	4,718,000	167,500	114,300	53,200	35.5	24.2	11.3	509.11	3.84
1914	4,755,000	167,000	116,000	51,000	35.1	24.4	10.7	-3.0	3.72
1915	4,792,000	166,500	118,300	48,200	34.7	24.7	10.0	-2.4	3.59
1916	4,830,000	165,900	120,700	45,200	34.3	25.0	9.3	-1.5	3.47
1917	4,869,000	165,200	123,000	42,200	33.9	25.3	8.6	-0.7	3.34
1918	4,908,000	164,600	148,500	16,100	33.5	30.3	3.3	4.7	3.22
1919	4,948,000	165,300	126,900	38,400	33.4	25.6	7.8	0.3	3.09
1920	4,989,000	166,000	125,500	40,500	33.3	25.1	8.1	0.1	2.97
1921	5,030,000	162,800	117,400	45,400	32.4	23.3	9.0	-0.9	2.84
1922	5,090,000	163,500	120,900	42,600	32.1	23.8	8.4	3.4	2.88
1923	5,150,000	164,900	124,600	40,300	32.0	24.2	7.8	3.9	2.55
1924	5,210,000	165,800	126,500	39,300	31.8	24.3	7.5	4.0	2.61
1925	5,958,000	156,367	88,633	67,734	26.2	14.9	11.4	121.82	3.52
1926	6,042,000	181,278	84,136	97,142	30.0	13.9	16.1	−2.0	4.02
1927	6,127,000	176,527	100,020	76,507	28.8	16.3	12.5	1.0	3.86
1928	6,210,000	189,250	105,665	83,585	30.5	17.0	13.5	−1.3	4.09
1929	6,286,000	181,870	115,561	66,309	28.9	18.4	10.5	2.4	3.87
1930	6,367,000	199,565	103,811	95,754	31.3	16.3	15.0	0.1	4.19
1931	6,463,000	199,243	114,369	84,874	30.8	17.7	13.1	−0.6	3.83
1932	6,544,000	185,523	117,593	67,930	28.4	18.0	10.4	2.0	3.8
1933	6,625,000	189,583	111,447	78,136	28.6	16.8	11.8	3.6	3.84
1934	6,727,000	208,929	100,651	108,278	31.1	15.0	16.1	0.3	4.16
1935	6,837,000	192,511	101,416	91,095	28.2	14.8	13.3	1.2	3.77
1936	6,936,000	193,343	105,005	88,338	27.9	15.1	12.7	0.7	3.68
1937	7,029,000	183,878	105,674	78,204	26.2	15.0	11.1	2.1	3.51
1938	7,122,000	184,509	93,766	90,743	25.9	13.2	12.7	1.3	3.47
1939	7,222,000	178,852	100,459	78,393	24.8	13.9	10.9	2.5	3.32
1940	7,319,000	179,500	93,830	85,670	24.5	12.8	11.7	−4.7	3.29
1941	7,370,000	134,760	125,710	9,050	18.3	17.1	1.2	−3.9	3.19
1942	7,350,000	132,640	191,030	−58,390	18.0	26.0	−7.9	−1.6	3.08
1943	7,280,000	122,170	111,320	10,850	16.8	15.3	1.5	1.2	2.98
1944	7,300,000	145,530	110,810	34,720	19.9	15.2	4.8	−3.4	2.88
1945	7,310,000	183,470	85,540	97,930	25.1	11.7	13.4	3.0	2.78
1946	7,430,000	209,360	73,500	135,860	28.2	9.9	18.3	−6.2	2.68
1947	7,520,000	206,400	70,340	136,060	27.4	9.4	18.1	−20.8	2.58
1948	7,500,000	210,000	96,000	114,000	28.0	12.8	15.2	−17.8	2.48
1949	7,480,000	139,108	59,450	79,658	18.6	7.9	10.6	−0.7	2.37
1950	7,554,000	151,314	53,755	97,559	20.0	7.1	12.9	−0.7	2.47
1951	7,646,000	155,422	57,508	97,914	20.3	7.5	12.8	−1.4	2.47
1952	7,733,000	149,637	53,377	96,260	19.4	6.9	12.4	−1.5	2.48
1953	7,817,000	143,765	56,680	87,085	18.4	7.3	11.1	−1.4	2.49
1954	7,893,000	151,892	55,625	96,267	19.2	7.0	12.2	−3.0	2.48
1955	7,966,000	154,263	54,781	99,482	19.4	6.9	12.5	−4.3	2.47
1956	8,031,000	158,203	59,460	96,727	19.4	7.4	12.0	−3.9	2.44
1957	8,096,000	155,940	61,664	93,528	19.2	7.6	11.6	−2.1	2.42
1958	8,173,000	155,359	58,160	97,199	19.0	7.1	11.9	−1.5	2.38
1959	8,258,000	160,199	60,852	99,347	19.4	7.4	12.0	−2.8	2.36
1960	8,304,698	157,239	60,563	96,676	18.9	7.3	11.6	−3.9	2.33
1961	8,363,490	150,716	63,955	86,761	17.9	7.6	10.3	−4.3	2.32
1962	8,433,124	152,158	66,554	85,604	18.0	7.9	10.1	−6.3	2.32
1963	8,463,290	148,249	66,813	81,436	17.5	7.9	9.6	−6.1	2.34
1964	8,495,610	153,109	69,429	83,680	18.0	8.1	9.8	−5.0	2.37
1965	8,525,408	151,448	67,269	84,179	17.7	7.8	9.8	−2.4	2.41
1966	8,575,653	154,613	67,912	86,701	17.9	7.9	10.1	−1.7	2.46
1967	8,651,739	162,839	71,975	90,864	18.7	8.3	10.5	−4.2	2.51
1968	8,716,502	160,338	73,309	87,029	18.3	8.4	10.0	−6.3	2.54
1969	8,765,894	154,077	71,825	82,252	17.6	8.2	9.4	−7.1	2.56
1970	8,780,549	144,928	74,009	70,919	16.5	8.4	8.1	−3.8	2.57
1971	8,805,194	141,126	73,819	67,307	16.0	8.4	7.6	−1.0	2.57
1972	8,857,439	140,891	76,859	64,032	15.9	8.6	7.2	−2.7	2.55
1973	8,920,359	137,526	77,648	59,878	15.4	8.7	6.7	−3.0	2.54
1974	8,937,982	144,069	76,303	67,766	16.1	8.5	7.6	1.9	2.52
1975	8,986,203	142,273	80,077	62,196	15.7	8.9	6.9	6.4	2.33
1976	9,106,985	146,566	81,818	64,748	16.0	8.9	7.1	4.0	2.35
1977	9,269,459	143,739	83,750	59,989	15.4	9.0	6.5	7.1	2.28
1978	9,347,618	146,588	81,615	64,973	15.5	8.7	6.9	7.9	2.29
1979	9,512,347	147,965	82,338	65,627	15.5	8.6	6.9	4.5	2.26
1980	9,584,298	148,134	87,282	60,852	15.4	9.1	6.3	2.6	2.23
1981	9,700,893	140,953	86,261	54,692	14.5	8.9	5.6	0.7	2.10
1982	9,757,944	137,275	86,345	50,930	14.0	8.8	5.2	0.6	2.03
1983	9,821,279	132,608	90,586	42,022	13.5	9.2	4.3	0.7	1.94
1984	9,872,195	125,724	88,397	37,327	12.7	8.9	3.8	0	1.82
1985	9,919,539	116,481	92,886	23,595	11.7	9.4	2.4	0.9	1.68
1986	9,949,185	112,810	91,469	20,781	11.3	9.2	2.1	1.3	1.60
1987	9,985,374	106,392	95,232	10,667	10.6	9.5	1.1	2.5	1.50
1988	10,015,957	107,505	93,031	14,637	10.7	9.3	1.4	3.9	1.50
1989	10,058,127	101,657	92,717	8,432	10.0	9.2	0.9	6.1	1.40
1990	10,120,984	102,229	94,152	8,077	10.1	9.3	0.8	8.6	1.39
1991	10,272,768	102,620	95,498	7,122	10.0	9.3	0.7	10.3	1.37
1992	10,367,276	104,081	98,231	5,850	10.0	9.5	0.6	8.7	1.36
1993	10,431,200	101,799	97,419	4,380	9.7	9.3	0.4	7.9	1.32
1994	10,489,958	103,763	97,807	5,956	9.8	9.3	0.6	7.2	1.33
1995	10,536,004	101,495	100,158	1,337	9.5	9.4	0.1	7.0	1.28
1996	10,588,378	100,718	100,740	−22	9.4	9.4	−0.0	6.3	1.26
1997	10,629,378	102,038	99,738	2,300	9.5	9.3	0.2	5.2	1.27
1998	10,693,340	100,894	102,668	−1,774	9.3	9.5	−0.2	4.6	1.24
1999	10,747,879	100,643	103,304	−2,661	9.2	9.5	−0.3	3.5	1.23
2000	10,775,693	103,274	105,219	−1,952	9.5	9.6	−0.1	−7.4	1.25
2001	10,836,578	102,282	102,559	−277	9.4	9.4	0.0	4.8	1.25
2002	10,888,357	103,569	103,915	−346	9.5	9.5	0.0	2.5	1.28
2003	10,915,874	104,420	105,529	−1,109	9.6	9.7	−0.1	2.4	1.29
2004	10,940,437	105,655	104,942	713	9.6	9.6	0.1	2.6	1.31
2005	10,969,984	107,545	105,091	2,454	9.8	9.6	0.2	3.0	1.34
2006	11,004,784	112,042	105,476	6,566	10.2	9.6	0.6	2.2	1.40
2007	11,036,789	111,926	109,895	2,031	10.1	9.9	0.2	2.1	1.41
2008	11,060,985	118,302	107,979	10,323	10.7	9.7	0.9	2.2	1.50
2009	11,094,768	117,933	108,316	9,617	10.6	9.8	0.9	1.3	1.50
2010	11,119,102	114,766	109,084	5,682	10.3	9.8	0.5	−0.1	1.48
2011	11,123,400	106,428	111,099	−4,671	9.6	10.0	−0.4	−2.9	1.40
2012	11,086,459	100,371	116,668	−16,297	9.1	10.6	−1.5	−6.0	1.34
2013	11,003,687	94,134	111,794	−17,660	8.6	10.2	−1.6	−5.4	1.29
2014	10,926,859	92,149	113,740	−21,591	8.5	10.4	−2.0	4.3	1.30
2015	10,858,498	91,847	121,183	−29,336	8.5	11.2	−2.7	−4.2	1.33
2016	10,783,729	92,898	118,788	−25,890	8.6	11.0	−2.4	1.0	1.38
2017	10,768,290	88,553	124,495	−35,942	8.2	11.6	−3.3	0.8	1.35
2018	10,741,244	86,440	120,291	−33,851	8.1	11.2	−3.2	1.8	1.35
2019	10,726,598	83,756	124,954	−41,198	7.8	11.7	−3.8	3.1	1.32
2020	10,718,565	84,764	131,025	−46,261	7.9	12.3	−4.3	−0.7	1.37
2021	10,664,972	85,346	143,904	−58,558	8.2	13.8	−5.6	−1.4	1.38
2022	10,590,317	76,095	140,792	−64,697	7.2	13.2	−6.0	−10.7	1.33
2023	10,523,492	71,455	128,101	−56,646	6.9	12.4	−5.5	2.5	1.26(e)
2024	10,491,922	68,467	126,916	−58,449	6.6	12.2	−5.6	2.6	1.24(e)

Current vital statistics

[edit]


Period	Live births	Deaths	Natural increase
January–October 2024	57,834	106,736	−48,902
January–October 2025	55,644	102,837	−47,193
Difference	−2,190 (−3.79%)	−3,899 (−3.65%)	+1,709
Source:^[24]

Viewsource data.

Total fertility rates by region

[edit]

2023^[25]
Regions	TFR
South Aegean	1.58
Crete	1.57
North Aegean	1.46
Peloponnisos	1.38
Western Greece	1.34
Thessaly	1.33
Ionian Islands	1.31
Eastern Macedonia and Thrace	1.29
Central Greece	1.24
Western Macedonia	1.23
Epirus	1.18
Central Macedonia	1.18
Attica	1.18

Structure of the population

[edit]

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 09.V.2011):^[26]

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
Total	5 303 223	5 513 063	10 816 286	100
0–4	274 788	262 455	537 243	4.97
5–9	262 432	250 164	512 596	4.74
10–14	265 787	253 642	519 429	4.80
15–19	286 386	266 890	553 276	5.12
20–24	325 127	301 970	627 097	5.80
25–29	371 617	352 154	723 771	6.69
30–34	417 861	404 614	822 475	7.60
35–39	409 681	403 148	812 829	7.51
40–44	414 026	418 640	832 666	7.70
45–49	367 086	381 343	748 429	6.92
50–54	355 552	375 934	731 486	6.76
55–59	321 466	338 902	660 368	6.11
60–64	301 589	324 180	625 769	5.79
65–69	241 832	266 444	508 276	4.70
70–74	246 264	295 901	542 165	5.01
75–79	209 983	265 094	475 077	4.39
80–84	146 455	205 918	352 373	3.26
85–89	60 933	98 908	159 841	1.48
90–94	18 760	34 685	53 445	0.49
95–99	4 948	10 239	15 187	0.14
100+	650	1 838	2 488	0.02
Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	803 007	766 261	1 569 268	14.51
15–64	3 570 391	3 567 775	7 138 166	65.99
65+	929 825	1 179 027	2 108 852	19.50

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2021) (Data refer to usual resident population.):^[26]

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
Total	5 196 048	5 482 584	10 678 632	100
0–4	232 962	221 004	453 966	4.25
5–9	256 724	242 916	499 640	4.68
10–14	286 211	270 919	557 130	5.22
15–19	286 473	261 827	548 300	5.13
20–24	295 675	267 375	563 050	5.27
25–29	289 021	268 852	557 873	5.22
30–34	292 391	293 623	586 014	5.49
35–39	351 172	348 759	699 931	6.55
40–44	397 038	400 046	797 084	7.46
45–49	388 226	404 647	792 873	7.42
50–54	388 838	418 213	807 051	7.56
55–59	340 585	379 684	720 269	6.74
60–64	320 930	366 665	687 595	6.44
65–69	288 274	327 034	615 308	5.76
70–74	261 202	309 037	570 239	5.34
75–79	200 470	246 135	446 605	4.18
80–84	161 684	227 332	389 016	3.64
85–89	98 597	148 795	247 392	2.32
90–94	41 160	58 052	99 212	0.93
95–99	12 188	14 445	26 633	0.25
100–104	4 334	4 190	8 524	0.08
105–109	1 370	2 047	3 417	0.03
110+	523	987	1 510	0.01
Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	775 897	734 839	1 510 736	14.15
15–64	3 350 349	3 409 691	6 760 040	63.30
65+	1 069 802	1 338 054	2 407 856	22.55

Other demographic statistics

[edit]

Demographic statistics according to theCIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.^[23]

Population: 10,413,982 (Jan 2023 est.); 10,718,565 (Jan 2020 est.); 10,761,523 (July 2018 est.); 10,768,477 (July 2017 est.); 10,768,193 (Jan 2017 est.)

Age structure: 0–14 years: 14.53% (male 794,918/female 745,909); 15–24 years: 10.34% (male 577,134/female 519,819); 25–54 years: 39.6% (male 2,080,443/female 2,119,995); 55–64 years: 13.1% (male 656,404/female 732,936); 65 years and over: 22.43% (male 1,057,317/female 1,322,176) (2020 est.)

0–14 years: 13.83% (male 767,245/female 722,313)

15–24 years: 9.67% (male 532,179/female 509,487)

25–54 years: 42.45% (male 2,275,984/female 2,295,082)

55–64 years: 13.13% (male 692,420/female 721,641)

65 years and over: 20.91% (male 986,816/female 1,265,310) (2017 est.)

0–14 years: 14.2% (male 787,143/female 741,356)

15–64 years: 66.2% (male 3,555,447/female 3,567,383)

65 years and over: 19.6% (male 923,177/female 1,185,630) (2011 est.)

Median age: total: 45.3 years. Country comparison to the world: 9th; male: 43.7 years; female: 46.8 years (2020 est.)

total: 44.5 years

male: 43.5 years

female: 45.6 years (2017 est.)

total: 42.5 years

male: 41.4 years

female: 43.6 years (2011 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth: 29.9 years (2017 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.39 children born/woman (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 225th

Population growth rate: −0.34% (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 221st

Birth rate: 7.72 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 222nd; 8.4 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Death rate: 12.05 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 14th

Net migration rate: 0.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 62nd

Life expectancy at birth: total population: 81.28 years. Country comparison to the world: 41st; male: 78.73 years; female: 84 years (2021 est.)

Infant mortality rate: total: 3.61 deaths/1,000 live births. Country comparison to the world: 204th; male: 4 deaths/1,000 live births; female: 3.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)

Ethnic groups

population: Greek 91.6%, Albanian 4.4%, other 4% (2011)Note: data represent citizenship, since Greece does not collect data on ethnicity

Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 56.1; youth dependency ratio: 21.3; elderly dependency ratio: 34.8; potential support ratio: 2.9 (2020 est.)

Religions

Greek Orthodox (official) 81–90%, Muslim 2%, other 3%, none 4–15%, unspecified 1% (2015 est.)

Urbanization: urban population: 79.7% of total population (2020); rate of urbanization: 0.22% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15–24: total: 39.9%. Country comparison to the world: 11th; male: 36.4%; female: 43.9% (2018 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 20 years; male: 20 years; female: 20 years (2018)

Immigration

[edit]

Main article:Immigration to Greece

Foreign citizens in Greece in 1998 by country of citizenship.

Greece has received a large number of immigrants since the early 1990s. The majority of them come from the neighbouring countries. As of 2011, the number of foreigners in an enumerated total of 10,815,197 people was 911,299.

Foreign-born by country (Eurostat):^[27] The Top-15 per year are displayed for consistency.

Country	2010	2014	2020n-aEU [28]	2020 EU^[29]	2021^[30]
Albania	384,600	337,719	346,918	—	374,926
Bulgaria	45,700	40,914	—^{[note 1]}	72,777	35,444
Pakistan	20,100	18,040	19,167	—	35,309
Romania	32,400	27,191	—^{[note 1]}	44,600	28,250
Georgia	62,600	45,061	23,050	—	26,083
Bangladesh	14,200	8,362	included into others	—	17,189
Ukraine	13,300	10,662	18,056	—	16,408
Afghanistan			included into others	—	15,457
United Kingdom	5,200	10,736	—^{[note 1]}	14,752	13,517
Russia	55,700	42,959	14,772	—	13,415
Egypt	10,200	9,813	11,652	—	12,453
India			13,259	—	12,385
Cyprus	10,200	10,881	—^{[note 1]}	13,850	12,362
Syria	7,500	8,306	included into others	—	10,785
Philippines			10,696	—	10,585
Poland	10,800	16,635	—^{[note 1]}	13,560	included into others
Germany	29,300	25,722	—^{[note 1]}	10,336	included into others
China			19,814	—	included into others
Turkey	9,500	12,469	included into others	—	included into others
others	117,100	102,006	65,429^{[note 1]}	736,470^{[note 2]}	127,287
Total	828,400	727,477	524,813^{[note 1]}	906,345	761,855

Nationality of Greece over time
Nationality	1951		1961		1971		1981		1991		2001		2011		2021^[31]		2021 census^[30]
Nationality	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Greeks	7,602,230	99.60%	8,333,817	99.35%	8,675,804	98.94%	9,568,017	98.24%	10,092,624	98.37%	10,166,927	92.73%	9,903,268	91.57%	9,777,439	91.34%	9,716,889	92.70%
Foreigners	30,571	0.40%	54,736	0.65%	92,568	1.06%	171,424	1.76%	167,276	1.63%	797,093	7.27%	911,929	8.43%	921,485	8.61%	761,855	7.27%
EU-27	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	199,101	1.84%	168,550	1.57%	116,669	1.11%
Non-EU															752,900	7.1%	641,921	6.12%
Total	7,632,801		8,388,553		8,768,372		9,739,441		10,259,900		10,964,020		10,815,197		10,698,837		10,482,487

Net Migration

[edit]

Net Migration of Greece (1991–2023)
Year	Immigration	Emigration	Net Migration
1991	151,978	64,628	87,350
1992	110,334	52,389	57,945
1993	107,462	52,929	54,533
1994	86,959	46,813	40,146
1995	98,989	47,967	51,022
1996	95,585	54,628	40,957
1997	113,477	51,794	61,683
1998	116,411	60,119	56,292
1999	84,695	54,175	30,520
2000	109,251	46,993	62,258
2001	98,471	45,909	52,562
2002	67,220	39,378	27,842
2003	63,141	37,433	25,708
2004	66,871	38,041	28,830
2005	70,933	38,583	32,350
2006	63,094	38,368	24,726
2007	63,298	40,400	22,898
2008	66,529	43,044	23,485
2009	58,613	43,686	14,927
2010	60,462	62,041	-1,579
2011	60,089	92,404	-32,315
2012	58,200	124,694	-66,494
2013	57,946	117,094	-59,148
2014	59,013	106,804	-47,791
2015	64,446	109,351	-44,905
2016	116,867	106,535	10,332
2017	112,247	103,327	8,920
2018	119,489	103,049	16,440
2019	129,459	95,020	34,439
2020	84,221	77,837	6,384
2021	57,120	79,596	-22,476
2022	96,662	80,307	16,355
2023	118,816	76,158	42,658

^[32]

Illegal immigration

[edit]

Greece has received manyillegal immigrants beginning in the 1990s and continuing during the 2000s and 2010s. Migrants make use of the many islands in theAegean Sea, directly west of Turkey. A spokesman for theEuropean Union's border control agency said that the Greek–Albanian border is "one of Europe's worst-affected external land borders." Migrants across theEvros region bordering Turkey face land-mines. Principal illegal immigrants include Albanians, Pakistanis, Kurds, Afghans, Iraqis and Somalis.^[33]^[34]

Ethnic groups, languages and religion

[edit]

Main articles:Minorities in Greece,Languages of Greece, andReligion in Greece

The population ofnorthern Greece has primarily been ethnically, religiously and linguistically diverse.^[35]TheMuslim minority of Greece is the only explicitly recognizedminority in Greece by the government. The officials define it as a group of Greek Muslims numbering 98,000 people, consisting ofTurks (50%),Pomaks (35%) andRomani (15%). No other minorities are officially acknowledged by the government.^[36]^[37]^[38] There is no official information for the size of the ethnic, linguistic and religiousminorities because asking the population questions pertaining to the topic have been abolished since 1951.^[39]^[40]

Map showing the distribution of major Modern Greek dialect areas

Note: Greek is the dominant language throughout Greece; inclusion in a non-Greek language zone does not necessarily imply that the relevant minority language is still spoken there, or that its speakers consider themselves an ethnic minority.

Religion in Greece for the period 2006–2015 according to Swiss Metadatabse of Religious Affiliation in Europe^[41]

Eastern Orthodoxy and other Christian (87.6%)
Unaffiliated (6.10%)
Islam (5.30%)
others (0.80%)

Minorities in Greece according toMinority Rights Group International in 2015:^[42]

Roma: 265,000
Vlachs (Aromanians andMegleno-Romanians): 200,000
Ethnic Macedonians: 100,000–200,000
Arvanites: 95,000
Turks: 90,000
Pomaks: 35,000–40,000
Jews: 5,000

The official language of Greece isGreek, spoken by almost all as a second language at least. Additionally, there are a number oflinguistic minority groups that are bilingual in a variety of non-Greek languages, and parts of these groups identify ethnically asGreeks.

**Estimated historical population and census figures**¹:
Language (and religion)	census 1879^[43]^[44]		estimate 1913^[45]		census 1928^[46]^[36]^[47]		census 1940^[46]^[47]^[48]		census 1951^[46]^[49]
Language (and religion)	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Greek					5,759,523	92.8	6,902,339	92.5	7,297,878	95.6
Turkish (altogether)					191,254	3.1	229,075	3.8	179,895	2.4
Turkish (andOrthodox Christian)					103,642	1.7
Turkish (andMuslim)					86,506	1.4
Slavic³			300,000–500,000	6.3–10.6	81,984²	1.3	86,086	1.2	41,017	0.5
Bulgarian (andMuslim)					16,775	0.3
Pomak							18,086	0.2	18,671	0.2
"Koutsovlach"					19,703	0.3	53,997	0.7	39,855	0.5
Albanian							49,632	0.7	22,736⁴	0.3
Albanian/Arvanitika	225,000
Albanian (andMuslim)					18,598	0.3
Armenian					33,634	0.5	26,827	0.4	8,990	0.1
Roma					4,998	0.1	8,141	0.1	7,429	0.1
Russian					3,295	0.1	8,126	0.1	3,815	0.1
French							4,518	0.1	2,101	0.0
Romanian							2,901	0.0	2,082	0.0
English					2,098	0.0	3,529	0.0	1,456	0.0
Spanish					63,200	1.0	53,125	0.7	1,339	0.0
German							3,401	0.0	1,301	0.0
Italian					3,199	0.1	4,426	0.1	894	0.0
Hebrew orYiddish							34	0.0	853	0.0
Others					6,248	0.1	5,694	0.1	2,489	0.1
Total	1,679,775		4,734,990		6,204,684		7,344,860		7,632,801
Notes: ¹ Census figures are considered "unreliable".^[50] ²The 1928 census figure (81,984) of the Slavic speakers does not reflect their actual strength due to either an official policy or reluctance of the concerned, and perhaps represents a number of speakers, who are lacking Greek national consciousness, while contemporary Greek reports estimate at least 200,000Bulgarian-speaking inhabitants in the country.^[51] ³ The Slavic figure in the 1928, 1940 and 1951 census is referred to as a MacedonianBulgarian dialect orMacedonian Slavic.^[46]^[47] ⁴ The Albanian figure (22,746) in the 1951 census is considered "certainly too small" and a research in the 1970s indicated a figure of at least 30,000 inAttica andBoiotia alone.^[52]

Languages spoken in Greece:

Language	Classification	Speaking population	Spoken by	Ethnic population	Region	Notes
Greek classification
Cappadocian^[53]	IE, Greek,Attic	2,800 (2015 M. Janse)	Cappadocians		Mandra,Neo Agioneri andXirochori	More distinct from standard Greek thanPontic Greek
Cretan		600,000	Cretans		Crete
Greek^[53]	IE, Greek,Attic	10,700,000 (2012 European Commission )	national		scattered	Lexical similarity: 84%–93% with Greek in Cyprus
Greek, Ancient^[53]	IE, Greek,Attic	no knownL1 speakers			scattered	religious language
Pontic^[53]^[54]	IE, Greek,Attic	200,000 (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) – 400,000 (2009 Z. Diakonikolaou)	Pontians		Macedonia andEpirus(Kilkis,Pella, andSerres;Thessaloniki,Drama andImathia)	Greek and Pontic speakers reportedly do not understand each other and Pontians do not speak standard Greek
Romano-Greek^[53]	mixed Greek–Romani	30 (2000)	Romani		Thessaly,Central Greece	Structured on Greek with heavy Romani lexicon
Sarakatsani	IE, Greek,Doric	80,000	Sarakatsani		Central Greece,Thessaly,Epirus
Tsakonian^[53]^[55]	IE, Greek,Doric	200 (2007 Salminen)–1,500 (2010 M. Kisilier)	Tsakonians		Agios Andreas,Leonidio,Prastos,Kastanitsa, Pramatefti, Sapounakeika, Sitena, andTyros	Not inherently intelligible with modern Greek. Lexical similarity with standard Greek: 70% or less.
Other languages
Albanian,Arvanitika^[53]^[52]	IE,Albanian,Tosk	50,000 (1993 Lunden, 2007 Salminen)	Arvanites	150,000	southernEuboea,Salamis,Boeotia,Attica,Peloponnese,Western Greece and theIonian Islands,Thessaly andCentral Greece,Thrace	Heavily influenced by Greek. Christian
Albanian,Tosk^[53]	IE,Albanian,Tosk	10,000 (2002)	Tosk Albanians		Epirus andWestern Macedonia(CentralFlorina, intoKastoria,Lechovo)	Cham Tosk
Arabic^[56]	Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South	28,000	Arabs
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic^[56]	Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern	2,000	Assyrians
Armenian, Western^[53]	IE, Armenian	20,000 (2007)	Armenians		scattered,Attica,Thessaly andCentral Greece
Aromanian^[57]^[53]	IE,Italic,Romance,Eastern	50,000 (1999 Salminen) – 200,000 (1995 Greek Monitor of Human and Minority Rights)	Aromanians	700,000 (Trâ Armânami Association of French Aromanians)	Pindus Mountains, aroundTrikala,Epirus,Thessaly,Macedonia	Christian
Bulgarian^[58]^[52]	IE,Balto-Slavic,Slavic,South,Eastern	56,200 (2014), 10–40,000 (Trudgill)	Pomaks,Bulgarians		Macedonia and Thrace	Pomak, Muslim
English^[54]	IE,Germanic,West	8,000
German^[53]	IE,Germanic,West	L1 users: 10,800 (2011 census),L2 users: 541,000 (2012 European Commission)				L1 users based on nationality
Greeksign language^[53]	Sign language	5,000 (2014 EUD) – 62,500 (2014 IMB)	national		scattered
Judeo-Italian^[58]	IE,Italic,Romance,Italo-Western,Italo-Dalmatian	50 (2007 Salminen)	Jews		Peloponnese,Western Greece and theIonian Islands
Kurdish, Northern^[54]	IE, Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish	22,500	Kurds
Ladino^[54]	IE, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian	2,000	Jews
Megleno-Romanian^[58]^[56]	IE,Italic,Romance,Eastern	3,000 (2002) – 12,000 (1995)	Megleno-Romanians		Moglena
Romani, Balkan^[53]	IE, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Romani	40,000 (1996 B. Igla)	Romani		Attica;Macedonia,Peloponnese,Western Greece and theIonian Islands,Epirus	Christian, Muslim
Romani, Vlax	IE, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Romani	1,000	Romani		Attica,Thessaly,Central Greece,Epirus,Western Macedonia	Christian
Russian^[54]	IE,Balto-Slavic,Slavic,East		Russians
Serbian^[54]	IE,Balto-Slavic,Slavic,South,Western		Serbs
Slavic^[54]^[52]^[53]	IE,Balto-Slavic,Slavic,South,Eastern	60–90,000 (Trudgill), 250,000 (2007 Boskov)	Slavic-speakers of Greek Macedonia		Macedonia (mainlyFlorina,Pella andThessaloniki;Kastoria,Kozani,Kilkis,Imathia,Serres),Epirus (Ioannina)	Christian
Turkish^[53]	Turkic, Southern	40,000 (L1: 9,700,L2: 30,300, 2014)	Turks,Karamanlides,Pomaks		Macedonia and Thrace,Aegean	Muslim, Christian
Turkish, Balkan Gagauz^[56]	Turkic, Southern		Gagauzes
Urum^[54]	Turkic		Urums

Religious population in Greece at the 1951 Census^[49]
Total	7,632,801
Orthodox	7,472,559 (97.9%)
Muslim	112,665 (1.4%)
Catholic	28,430 (0.4%)
Protestant and other Christian	12,677 (0.2%)
Jewish	6,325 (0.1%)

According to theGreek constitution,Eastern Orthodox Christianity is recognized as the "prevailing religion" in Greece. During the centuries that Greece was part of theOttoman Empire, besides its spiritual mandate, theOrthodox Church, based inConstantinople (present-dayIstanbul), also functioned as an official representative of the Christian population of the empire. The Church is often credited with the preservation of theGreek language, values, and national identity during Ottoman times. The Church was also an important rallying point in the war for independence against the Ottoman Empire, although the official Church in Constantinople initially condemned the breakout of the armed struggle in fear of retaliation from the Ottoman side. TheChurch of Greece was established shortly after the formation of a Greek national state. Its authority to this day extends only to the areas included in the independent Greek state before theBalkan Wars of 1912–1913. There is aMuslim minority concentrated inThrace and officially protected by theTreaty of Lausanne (1923). BesidesPomaks (Muslim Bulgarian^[59] speakers) andRoma, it consists mainly of ethnicTurks, who speakTurkish and receive instruction in Turkish at special government-funded schools. There are also a number ofJews in Greece, most of whom live inThessaloniki. There are also some Greeks who adhere to areconstruction of the ancient Greek religion.^[60] A place of worship has been recognized as such by court.^[61]

Education

[edit]

Main article:Education in Greece

Greek education is free and compulsory for children between the ages of 5 and 15. English study is compulsory from first grade through high school. University education, including books, is also free, contingent upon the student's ability to meet stiff entrance requirements. A high percentage of the student population seeks higher education. More than 100,000 students are registered atGreek universities, and 15% of the population currently holds a university degree. Admission in a university is determined by state-administered exams, the candidate's grade-point average from high school, and his/her priority choices of major. About one in four candidates gains admission to Greek universities.

Greek law does not currently offer official recognition to the graduates of private universities that operate in the country, except for those that offer a degree valid in anotherEuropean Union country, which is automatically recognized by reciprocity. As a result, a large and growing number of students are pursuing higher education abroad. TheGreek Government decides through an evaluation procedure whether to recognize degrees from specific foreign universities as qualification for public sector hiring. Other students attend private, post-secondary educational institutions in Greece that are not recognized by the Greek Government. At the moment extensive public talk is made for the reform of theConstitution to recognize private higher education in Greece as equal with public and to place common regulations for both.

The number of Greek students studying at European institutions is increasing along with EU support for educational exchange. In addition, nearly 5,000 Greeks are studying in the United States, about half of whom are in graduate school. Greek per capita student representation in the US (one every 2,200) is among the highest in Europe.

Notes

[edit]

^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^hThe source doesn't include immigrants from the European Union, European Free Trade Association nations or the United Kingdom
^Of which 21,243 people are from the remaining EU countries and 1,630 are from the EFTA countries

^January 1, 2001 onwards
^In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases.

References

[edit]

^"Στοιχεία Υπολογιζόμενου Πληθυσμού (1.1.2024) και Μεταναστευτικών Ροών της Χώρας (2024) – ELSTAT".www.statistics.gr.
^"Απογραφή Πληθυσμού – οι προκλήσεις από το 2021 και μετά" [Population Census – the challenges from 2021 onward] (in Greek).Hellenic Statistical Authority.
^Mogens Herman Hansen,The Shotgun Method: The Demography of the Ancient Greek City-State Culture,University of Missouri Press, 2006.Book review
^Ethnic Changes in the Byzantine Empire in the Seventh Century
^Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation based average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). As average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not end of the year.
^"Statistics – ELSTAT".www.statistics.gr. Retrieved25 February 2023.
^"Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός (προσωρινά στοιχεία) – ELSTAT".www.statistics.gr. Retrieved25 February 2023.
^"Census of Population and Housing 2021".www.census2021.cystat.gov.cy. Retrieved23 April 2023.
^https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/62ddcee4-f594-e35e-38eb-b2b633966c06^{[bare URL]}
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱRoser, Max (2014),"Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries",Our World in Data,Gapminder Foundation
^"World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Retrieved15 July 2017.
^"Statistics - ELSTAT".www.statistics.gr.
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^"ypes.gr".
^B.R. Mitchell. European historical statistics, 1750–1975.
^Demographic Yearbook 1948(PDF). United Nations in collaboration with the Department of Social Affairs. 1949.Archived(PDF) from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved6 February 2017.{{cite book}}:|work= ignored (help)
^"Population and Social Conditions: Demography". Hellenic Statistical Authority. Retrieved6 January 2017.
^"Population growth (annual %) – Greece | Data".data.worldbank.org. Retrieved18 March 2023.
^Historical Statistics of Greece: 1833–1959 (Bank of Greece / NSSG)
^"Main Page ELSTAT – ELSTAT".www.statistics.gr.
^1932–1940 and 1955–2017:"Statistics – ELSTAT – 01. Births – Absolute numbers and rates (1932–2017)".www.statistics.gr. Retrieved20 July 2019. Web page contains link to data in XLS spreadsheet format.
^Chrysopoulos, Philip."Greek Women Have Fewer Children than EU Average".GreekReporter.com.
^^a ^b"Europe: Greece".The World Factbook.Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved28 November 2019.
^"Statistics of Registry Deeds PSMIPOL".
^"Total fertility rate by NUTS 2 region".ec.europa.eu. Retrieved12 April 2025.
^^a ^b"UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".unstats.un.org. Retrieved10 May 2023.
^International Migration Outlook 2016. Paris, France:OECD Publishing. 19 September 2016. p. 371.doi:10.1787/1999124x.ISBN 9789264258440.ISSN 1999-124X. Archived fromthe original on 2 March 2018. Retrieved6 February 2017.
^ΣΤΑΤΙΣΤΙΚΑ_ΑΔ_20200131
^"Population on 1 January by age group, sex and citizenship".European Commission. Retrieved18 December 2023.
^^a ^b"2021 Population Census. Resident population by sex and citizenship"(XLSX).statistics.gr (in Greek and English). 2021. Retrieved8 June 2025.
^"File:Tab04 Non-national population by group of citizenship, 1 January 2021 rev.png".ec.europa.eu. Retrieved25 February 2023.
^"Migration".Greece in Numbers. Retrieved21 July 2025.
^"Destabilization Through Illegal Immigration in Greece". Research Institute for European and American Analysis. 2010. Archived fromthe original on 21 July 2011.
^Kitsantonis, Niki (4 October 2007)."Greece struggles to curb influx of illegal immigrants".The New York Times. Retrieved6 February 2017.
^"Greece: People: Ethnic groups".Britannica online. Retrieved6 February 2017.
^^a ^b"Greek Helsinki Monitor". Retrieved14 August 2015.
^Μουσουλμανικη Μειονοτητα Θρακησ [Muslim Minority of Thrace] (in Greek). Athens, Greece: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Hellenic Resources Network. June 1999. Retrieved6 January 2016.
Στοιχεια Απο Την Προσφατη Απογραφη Του Πληθυσμου [Figures from the recent Population Census] (in Greek). Water Info. 2001. Archived fromthe original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved6 January 2016.
^"Macedonia Fights for Its Name".Newsweek. 25 March 2008. Retrieved30 January 2019.'Greece is one of the rare countries of the EU that does not recognize the phrase 'minority rights.' They still have a concept of a pure nation—one state, one nation, one religion, one culture, everything Greek. And they do not want to recognize that in Greece there is a big Turkish minority, a big Albanian minority and one small Macedonian minority.'
^Shendruk, Amanda (8 July 2021)."Are you even trying to stop racism if you don't collect data on race?".Quartz. Retrieved4 July 2022.
^Fassmann, Heinz; Reeger, Ursula; Sievers, Wiebke (2009).Statistics and Reality: Concepts and Measurements of Migration in Europe. Amsterdam University Press. p. 237.ISBN 978-90-8964-052-9. Retrieved27 March 2016.
^"SMRE".www.smre-data.ch.
^"MRG Directory: Greece".Greece Overview. MRG. 19 June 2015. Retrieved14 August 2015.
^Zervas, Theodore G. (8 December 2016).Formal and informal education during the rise of Greek nationalism: learning to be Greek. Springer. p. 52.ISBN 9781137484147.An 1879 Greek census found that, in the Peloponnese, Central Greece, Euboea and the island of Andros, there were nearly 225,000 Albanian/ Arvanitic speakers
^Martin, Frederick (1924).The statesman's year-book statistical and historical annual of the states of the civilised world for the year 1882. Oxford University. p. 288.Greece, at the last census, taken June 1879, had a total population of 1,679,775
^Peter Trudgill & Daniel Schreier, "Greece and Cyprus", in:Sociolinguistics (HSK 3.3), 2nd ed., Berlin & New York: de Gruyter, p. 1881–1889, esp.p. 1885
^^a ^b ^c ^dAngelopoulos, Ath."Population Distribution of Greece Today According to Language, National Consciousness, and Religion".Balkan Studies.43. Thessaloniki:126–131.ISSN 2241-1674.
^^a ^b ^cMavrogordatos, George Th. (2003).Οι εθνικές μειονότητες [The National Minorities].Ιστορία Της Ελλάδας Του 20Ού Αιώνα, Επιμ. Χ. Χατζηιωσήφ, Τόμος Β2. Αθήνα: Βιβλιόραμα, 2003 (in Greek). academia.edu. Retrieved7 February 2017.
^Shea, John (1997).Macedonia and Greece: The Struggle to Define a New Balkan Nation. McFarland. p. 129.ISBN 978-0-7864-0228-1. Retrieved7 February 2017.
^^a ^bClogg, Richard (2002)."Introduction".Minorities in Greece: Aspects of a Plural Society. C. Hurst & Co. p. xi.ISBN 978-1-85065-705-7. Retrieved7 February 2017.
^Clogg, Richard (January 2002).Minorities in Greece: aspects of a plural society. Hurst & Co. p. 112.ISBN 9781850657064.Census figures are unreliable, and Greece has long since ceased to include linguistic minorities in its census
^Mavrogordatos, George (January 1983).Stillborn republic: social coalitions and party strategies in Greece, 1922–1936. University of California Press. p. 247.ISBN 9780520043589.In any event, those of the 1928 Census for the Slavo-Macedonian-speaking population as a whole clearly do not reflect its actual strength, as a result of either official policy, or reluctance on the part of those concerned, or both. Contemporary Greek reports estimate as many as 200,000 "Bulgarian"-speaking inhabitants in Macedonia, of whom no more than 80,000–90,000 are considered to be lacking a Greek national consciousness – a number equivalent to that of the census, perhaps not accidentally. (49. See the reports of P. Demetriades to the Association for the Dissemination of Greek Letters, 13 August 1927 and 23 December 1927, VA File 373. Given the confidential nature and policy orientation of these reports, they should be rated as more reliable than public statements. On the actual number of Slavomacedonians, see also Christidès, pp. 64–65.)
^^a ^b ^c ^dTrudgill, Peter; Schreier, Daniel (2006)."Greece and Cyprus". In Ulrich Ammon; Norbert Dittmar; Klaus J. Mattheier; Peter Trudgill (eds.).Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Walter de Gruyter. pp. 1881–1889, esp. p. 1883.ISBN 978-3-11-018418-1. Retrieved7 February 2017.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^oSimons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2018)."Ethnologue: Languages of the World" (Twenty-first ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^hLewis, M. Paul, ed. (2009)."Ethnologue: Languages of the World" (Sixteenth ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
^Lewis, M. Paul; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2016)."Ethnologue: Languages of the World".Ethnologue (Nineteenth ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
^^a ^b ^c ^dGrimes, Barbara F., ed. (2000)."Ethnologue: Languages of the World".www.ethnologue.com (Fourteenth ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
^Gordon, Raymond G. Jr., ed. (2005)."Ethnologue: Languages of the World" (Fifteenth ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
^^a ^b ^cSimons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2017)."Ethnologue: Languages of the World".Ethnologue (Twentieth ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
^Gordon, Raymond G. Jr, ed. (2005)."Bulgarian".Ethnologue: Languages of the World (15th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Archived fromthe original on 16 January 2009. Retrieved3 January 2017.
^Brabant, Malcolm (21 January 2007)."Ancient Greek gods' new believers".BBC News. Retrieved7 February 2017.
^Smith, Helena (4 May 2006)."Greek gods prepare for comeback".The Guardian. London.Archived from the original on 30 August 2013. Retrieved24 August 2008.

External links

[edit]

General Secretariat of National Statistical Service of Greece(in Greek and English)
The World Factbook

Greece topics

History

Prehistory(pre-1100 BC)	Neolithic Age Bronze Age Pelasgians Cycladic civilization Minoan civilization Helladic period Mycenaean period Bronze Age collapse
Antiquity(1100 BC-330 AD)	Greek Dark Ages Iron Age migrations Archaic period Greco-Persian Wars Classical period Delian andPeloponnesian League Peloponnesian War League of Corinth Wars of Alexander the Great Hellenistic period Wars of the Diadochi Roman–Greek wars Roman era Foundation of Constantinople
Middle Ages(330–1453)	Byzantine period Persecution of paganism Migration period Plague of Justinian Arab–Byzantine wars Iconoclasm Macedonian Renaissance East–West Schism Fourth Crusade Frankokratia Empire of Nicaea,Despotate of Epirus andDespotate of the Morea Fall of Constantinople
Early modern andModern era(post-1453)	Stato da Màr (Venetian Ionian islands,Kingdom of Candia) Ottoman Greece Modern Greek Enlightenment Septinsular Republic War of Independence First Republic Kingdom Balkan Wars World War I National Schism Greco-Turkish War History of Greece (1923–1940) Second Republic 4th of August Regime World War II Civil war Military junta Democratization Third Republic
By topic	Ancient regions andtribes Byzantine andOttoman Greeks Christianization Colonization Coups d'état Demographic (Modern) Economic Geographical name changes Greek countries and regions Greek Muslims Renaissance scholars Hellenic languages andProto-Greek Inventions and discoveries Language question Military Monarchy (Kings androyal family) Phanariotes Polis Population exchange of 1923

Geography

Overview	Borders Cities (capital andco-capital) Extreme points Place names
Regions	Central Greece (Aetolia-Acarnania (Aetolia,Acarnania),Attica,Boeotia,Euboea,Evrytania,Phocis,Phthiotis,Saronic Islands) Crete (Chania,Heraklion,Rethymno,Lasithi) Cyclades (Andros,Delos,Kea,Kythnos,Milos,Mykonos,Naxos,Paros,Santorini,Syros,Tinos) Dodecanese (Agathonisi,Astypalaia,Chalki,Kalymnos,Karpathos,Kasos,Kos,Leipsoi,Leros,Nisyros,Patmos,Rhodes,Symi,Tilos,Kastellorizo) Epirus (Arta,Ioannina,Preveza,Thesprotia) Ionian Islands (Corfu,Ithaca,Kefalonia,Kythira,Lefkada,Paxi,Zakynthos) Macedonia (Chalkidiki,Drama,Florina,Grevena,Imathia,Kastoria,Kavala,Kilkis,Kozani,Pella,Pieria,Serres,Thasos,Thessaloniki) North Aegean islands (Chios,Ikaria,Lemnos,Lesbos,Samos) Peloponnese (Arcadia,Argolis,Corinthia,Laconia,Messenia,Achaea,Elis) Thessaly (Karditsa,Larissa,Magnesia,Trikala,Sporades) Thrace (Evros,Rhodope,Xanthi)
Terrain	Canyons and gorges Caves Geology Islands (Aegean,Ionian,Crete) Mountains (Olympus,Pindus,Rhodopes) Peninsulas Plains Volcanoes
Water	Coasts Lakes Rivers Mediterranean Sea Aegean Sea (Sea of Crete,Icarian Sea,Myrtoan Sea,Thracian Sea) Ionian Sea Libyan Sea
Environment	Climate Natural disasters (earthquakes) Ecoregions Environmental issues Forests Mammals andbirds National Parks Protected areas

Politics

Constitution	Constitutions 1822 1827 1844 1864 1911 1975 Constitutional amendments (1986,2001,2008,2019) Constitutional crisis 1843 1862 1910 1917 1965 1985 Supreme Special Court
Executive	Cabinet Government (Government Gazette) President (Presidential Mansion) Prime Minister (Maximos Mansion)
Legislature	Conference of Presidents Hellenic Parliament (Speaker) Parliamentary Committees Presidium
Elections	Nationality law Parataxis Parliamentary constituencies Pasokification Political parties
Judicial system	Council of State Court of Audit Supreme Court
Security	Police Capital punishment Corruption Crime (Greek mafia) Life imprisonment Terrorism Coast Guard
Foreign relations	Aegean dispute Cyprus dispute Council of Europe European Union Macedonia naming dispute (Language naming dispute) NATO Passport Treaties United Nations
Military	Air Force Alliances Army Conscription Military ranks Navy Evzones (Presidential Guard) National Guard Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
Social issues	Abortion Cannabis Education (universities) Healthcare (hospitals,obesity,smoking) Human rights Human rights abuses LGBT rights Prostitution Political scandals Racism
Ideologies	Conservatism (Monarchism) Fascism (Metaxism) Liberalism (Republicanism,Venizelism) Nationalism (Hellenocentrism,Megali Idea,Enosis) New Social Movements (Environmentalism,Feminism,Pacifism) Socialism (Laocracy,Trotskyism) Anarchism
Administrative divisions	Municipalities and communities Administrative regions Regional units Decentralized administrations

Economy

Society

Demographics	Diaspora Greeks (names of Greece andthe Greeks) Immigration Minorities (Muslim minority,Jews,Arvanites,Aromanians (Aromanian question),Megleno-Romanians,Slavophones,Roma) Women Life expectancy
Culture	Anastenaria Caryatid Clean Monday Concept of kingship Dress (Chiton,Chlamys,Exomis,Fustanella,Himation,Mariner's cap,Peplos,Perizoma,Tsarouchi,Vraka) Eastern Party Festivals Folklore Greek East and Latin West Greektown Hellenization Hospitality Carols (Christmas,New Year's,Theophany's) Mangas Mountza Naming customs Paideia Philhellenism andHellenophobia Plate smashing Philosophy Public holidays (Independence Day,Ohi Day) Rouketopolemos Souliotic songs Theophany Tsiknopempti Units of measurement Worry beads
Art	Architecture (Castles) Cretan andHeptanese school Modern art (19th century) Theatre (Ancient) Religious art
Cuisine	Breads (Daktyla,Kritsini,Lagana,Paximadi,Tsoureki) Desserts (Diples,Halva,Koulourakia,Kourabiedes,Loukoumades,Melomakarona,Pasteli,Spoon sweets,Vasilopita) List of dishes Drinks (Mastika,Metaxa,Ouzo,Rakomelo,Sideritis,Tentura,Tsipouro,Tsikoudia,Frappé coffee) Cheeses (Anthotyros,Feta,Graviera,Kasseri,Kefalotyri,Ladotyri,Manouri,Metsovone,Mizithra) Filo (Amygdalopita,Bougatsa,Galaktoboureko,Karydopita,Spanakopita,Tiropita) Greek salad (Dakos) Meze Pasta (Gogges,Flomaria,Hilopites) Restaurants (Kafenio,Ouzeri,Taverna) Sauces (Skordalia,Taramosalata,Tirokafteri,Tzatziki) Souvlaki Varieties (Heptanesean,Cretan,Epirote,Macedonian) Wine (Agiorgitiko,Aidini,Assyrtiko,Athiri,Kotsifali,Lesbian,Limnio,Mavrodafni,Mandilaria,Malagousia,Malvasia,Moschofilero,Retsina,Robola,Savatiano,Vilana,Xinomavro)
Languages	Greek alphabet (History,Orthography,Diacritics,Braille,Cyrillization,Romanization (Greeklish) andnumerals Greek language (Demotic,Katharevousa) anddialects (Cappadocian,Cretan,Cypriot,Greco-Australian,Maniot,Pontic,Tsakonian,Yevanic) Greek Sign Language History (Mycenaean Greek,Ancient Greek,Koine Greek,Medieval Greek,Modern Greek) Literature (Ancient,Medieval,Modern) Minority languages (Albanian language (Arvanitika),Aromanian,Balkan Romani,Bulgarian,Ladino,Macedonian,Megleno-Romanian,Turkish) Proverbs Words for love
Media	Cinema Internet Newspapers Television Media freedom Corruption
Music	Church music Dances (Ai Georgis,Angaliastos,Antikristos,Ballos,Dionysiakos,Fisounis,Gaitanaki,Geranos,Hasapiko,Ikariotikos,Kalamatianos,Kangeli,Kastorianos,Kerkiraikos,Koftos,Pidikhtos,Leventikos,Maniatikos,Metsovitikos,Ntames,Palamakia,Partalos,Pentozali,Proskinitos,Pyrrhichios,Rougatsiarikos,Sirtaki,Sousta,Syrtos,Trata,Tsakonikos,Tsamikos,Zeibekiko,Zervos) Éntekhno Folk music (Cretan,Epirote,Heptanesian,Macedonian,Nisiotika,Peloponnesian,Pontic,Thessalian,Thracian) Hip Hop Ionian School Laïko (Skyladiko) Musical instruments (Askomandoura,Aulos,Bouzouki,Byzantine lyra (Cretan,Macedonian,Politiki,Pontic),Crotala,Floghera,Gaida,Harp,Laouto,Lyre,Organo,Pan flute,Phorminx,Psaltery,Salpinx,Santouri,Souravli,Tambouras,Tambourine,Trigono,Tsampouna,Tympano,Zilia) Rebetiko Rock (Punk)
Religion and lore	Ancient religion (Origins,Modern Revival) Aerico Atheism Buddhism Catholicism Drosoulites Eastern Orthodox Church (Timeline:Antiquity,Early Middle Ages,Late Middle Ages,Early Modern Era,19th century,Early 20th century,Late 20th century,Contemporary) Fairy tales Gello Greek Orthodox Church (Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople,Church of Greece,Flag) Greek Old Calendarists Hinduism Hypertimos Islam Judaism (History) Kallikantzaros Lamia Mormo Mount Athos Mythology (Primordial deities,Titans,Twelve Olympians,Heracles,Odysseus,Jason,Oedipus,Perseus,Daedalus,Orpheus,Theseus,Bellerephon,Satyr,Centaur) Nymph Protestantism Psychai Sikhism Thymiaterion Name days Vrykolakas Wayside shrine
Sport	Ancient Olympics Baseball Basketball Cricket Football Hockey Ice hockey Modern Olympics (1896,1906,2004) Rugby league
Symbols	Anthem Coat of arms Flag andnational colours Flags Motto Orders and decorations World Heritage Sites

v t e Demographics of Europe
Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom England Northern Ireland Scotland Wales Vatican City
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria
Dependencies and other entities	Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard
Other entities	European Union

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Greece&oldid=1323637349"

Category:

Demographics of Greece

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Census	Population	Change
1971	8,768,372	–
1981	9,739,589	11.1%
1991	10,259,900	5.3%
2001	10,964,020	6.9%
2011	10,816,286	−0.88%
2021	10,482,487	−3.1%

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Historical overview

Population

By region

Fertility rate

Life expectancy

Age structure

Vital statistics

Vital statistics from 1833

Current vital statistics

Total fertility rates by region

Structure of the population

Other demographic statistics

Immigration

Net Migration

Illegal immigration

Ethnic groups, languages and religion

Education

See also

Notes

References

External links