| Demographics ofCyprus | |
|---|---|
 Population pyramid of Cyprus in 2020 | |
| Population | 1,295,102 (2022 est.) |
| Growth rate | 1.06% (2022 est.) |
| Birth rate | 10.57 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
| Death rate | 6.94 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 79.74 years |
| • male | 76.93 years |
| • female | 82.68 years (2022 est.) |
| Fertility rate | 1.48 children born/woman (2022 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | 8.36 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Net migration rate | 6.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
| Age structure | |
| 0–14 years | 15.69% |
| 65 and over | 12.97% |
| Sex ratio | |
| Total | 0.93 male(s)/female (2022 est.) |
| At birth | 1.05 male(s)/female |
| Under 15 | 1.05 male(s)/female |
| 65 and over | 0.55 male(s)/female |
| Nationality | |
| Nationality | Cypriot |
| Major ethnic | Greek Cypriots 98.8% |
| Minor ethnic | Others 1% (including Turkish, Armenian, Maronite) and unspecified 0.2% |
| Language | |
| Official | Greek, Turkish |
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| The post 1974 censuses refer to the government controlled areas.[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The people ofCyprus are broadly divided into two main ethnic communities,Greek Cypriots andTurkish Cypriots, who share many cultural traits but maintain distinct identities based onethnicity,religion,language, and close ties with Greece and Turkey respectively. Before the dispute started in 1964 the peoples of Cyprus (then 77.1% Greek Cypriots, 18.2% Turkish Cypriots, <5% other communities, primarilyArmenians,Maronites, and otherLebanese)[2][3] were dispersed over the entire island.
TheTurkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974de facto partitioned the island into two political areas: 99.5% of Greek Cypriots now live in the south part of the Republic of Cyprus while 98.7% of Turkish Cypriots live in northern areas. (99.2% of other nationalities live in the Greek Cypriot areas in the center, west, east and south).[4]Greek and Cypriot dialect are predominantly spoken in the east, west, south and centre, where the majority are Greek Cypriots, andTurkish in the north, where the majority are Turkish Cypriots.English is widely used throughout the island, as acommon language.
The total population of Cyprus as of the end of 2006 was slightly over 1 million, comprising 789,300 in the territory controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus[5] and 294,406 in the northern areas of Cyprus. The population of the northern areas of Cyprus has increased following the immigration of 150,000–160,000 Turkish mainlanders, which the UN confirmed to have arrived illegally.[6] On this basis, the Republic of Cyprus government does not include this group in the population statistics of the Republic of Cyprus Statistical Service.[7]
Population by citizenship
Republic of Cyprus government controlled area:
northern areas of Cyprus:[9]
Historical data about main demographic indicators from 1901 to 1990, for the entire island:[12][13][14]
| Year | Total population | Live births1 | Deaths1 | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 238,000 | 7,300 | 4,300 | 3,000 | 30.6 | 18.1 | 12.5 |
| 1902 | 241,000 | 6,700 | 3,500 | 3,200 | 28.0 | 14.6 | 13.4 |
| 1903 | 245,000 | 7,000 | 3,600 | 3,400 | 28.6 | 14.6 | 14.0 |
| 1904 | 249,000 | 7,600 | 3,700 | 3,900 | 30.4 | 14.8 | 15.6 |
| 1905 | 253,000 | 7,500 | 4,500 | 3,000 | 29.6 | 17.7 | 11.9 |
| 1906 | 257,000 | 7,900 | 4,100 | 3,800 | 30.7 | 15.8 | 14.9 |
| 1907 | 260,000 | 8,200 | 4,600 | 3,600 | 31.4 | 17.7 | 13.7 |
| 1908 | 264,000 | 8,700 | 5,200 | 3,500 | 32.9 | 19.7 | 13.2 |
| 1909 | 268,000 | 8,000 | 4,500 | 3,500 | 29.8 | 16.9 | 12.9 |
| 1910 | 271,000 | 8,700 | 4,100 | 4,600 | 32.1 | 15.2 | 16.9 |
| 1911 | 275,000 | 8,700 | 4,500 | 4,200 | 31.6 | 16.2 | 15.4 |
| 1912 | 279,000 | 8,000 | 4,900 | 3,100 | 28.5 | 17.7 | 10.8 |
| 1913 | 283,000 | 8,700 | 5,300 | 3,400 | 30.7 | 18.8 | 11.9 |
| 1914 | 287,000 | 9,500 | 5,100 | 4,400 | 33.1 | 17.6 | 15.5 |
| 1915 | 291,000 | 10,000 | 5,800 | 4,200 | 34.3 | 19.8 | 14.5 |
| 1916 | 294,000 | 5,900 | 5,300 | 600 | 20.0 | 17.9 | 2.1 |
| 1917 | 297,000 | 8,800 | 5,400 | 3,400 | 29.5 | 18.2 | 11.3 |
| 1918 | 301,000 | 9,900 | 6,900 | 3,000 | 32.9 | 22.9 | 10.0 |
| 1919 | 305,000 | 8,900 | 5,200 | 3,700 | 29.2 | 17.2 | 12.0 |
| 1920 | 309,000 | 9,100 | 7,400 | 1,700 | 29.5 | 23.9 | 5.6 |
| 1921 | 312,000 | 8,400 | 6,200 | 2,200 | 26.8 | 20.0 | 6.8 |
| 1922 | 315,000 | 9,000 | 6,200 | 2,800 | 28.6 | 19.6 | 9.0 |
| 1923 | 318,000 | 8,100 | 5,700 | 2,400 | 25.5 | 18.0 | 7.5 |
| 1924 | 322,000 | 8,800 | 5,600 | 3,200 | 27.3 | 17.4 | 9.9 |
| 1925 | 326,000 | 8,300 | 4,700 | 3,600 | 25.6 | 14.4 | 11.2 |
| 1926 | 330,000 | 8,500 | 5,600 | 2,900 | 25.9 | 17.1 | 8.8 |
| 1927 | 333,000 | 8,400 | 5,200 | 3,200 | 25.2 | 15.6 | 9.6 |
| 1928 | 337,000 | 9,700 | 5,100 | 4,600 | 28.9 | 15.2 | 13.7 |
| 1929 | 341,000 | 10,400 | 4,600 | 5,800 | 30.4 | 13.5 | 16.9 |
| 1930 | 345,000 | 11,100 | 5,700 | 5,400 | 32.1 | 16.4 | 15.7 |
| 1931 | 349,000 | 10,500 | 5,900 | 4,600 | 30.2 | 17.0 | 13.2 |
| 1932 | 352,000 | 10,100 | 5,740 | 4,360 | 28.7 | 16.3 | 12.4 |
| 1933 | 356,000 | 9,750 | 4,910 | 4,840 | 27.4 | 13.8 | 13.6 |
| 1934 | 360,000 | 10,852 | 4,757 | 6,095 | 30.1 | 13.2 | 16.9 |
| 1935 | 363,000 | 11,735 | 4,976 | 6,759 | 32.3 | 13.7 | 18.6 |
| 1936 | 367,000 | 12,727 | 4,656 | 8,071 | 34.7 | 12.7 | 22.0 |
| 1937 | 371,000 | 10,954 | 6,334 | 4,620 | 29.5 | 17.1 | 12.5 |
| 1938 | 376,000 | 11,804 | 5,445 | 6,359 | 31.4 | 14.5 | 16.9 |
| 1939 | 393,000 | 12,214 | 5,519 | 6,695 | 31.1 | 14.0 | 17.0 |
| 1940 | 401,000 | 13,254 | 4,678 | 8,576 | 33.1 | 11.7 | 21.4 |
| 1941 | 409,000 | 11,402 | 5,058 | 6,344 | 27.9 | 12.4 | 15.5 |
| 1942 | 412,000 | 9,221 | 6,747 | 2,474 | 22.4 | 16.4 | 6.0 |
| 1943 | 416,000 | 12,405 | 5,155 | 7,250 | 29.8 | 12.4 | 17.4 |
| 1944 | 425,000 | 14,330 | 4,263 | 10,067 | 33.7 | 10.0 | 23.7 |
| 1945 | 435,000 | 13,269 | 4,111 | 9,158 | 30.5 | 9.5 | 21.1 |
| 1946 | 447,000 | 14,482 | 3,793 | 10,689 | 32.4 | 11.0 | 23.9 |
| 1947 | 458,000 | 15,158 | 3,875 | 11,283 | 33.1 | 11.0 | 24.6 |
| 1948 | 477,000 | 15,078 | 5,250 | 9,828 | 31.6 | 11.0 | 20.6 |
| 1949 | 485,000 | 13,234 | 5,290 | 7,944 | 27.3 | 11.0 | 16.4 |
| 1950 | 494,000 | 14,517 | 5,340 | 9,187 | 29.4 | 11.0 | 18.6 |
| 1951 | 502,000 | 14,403 | 5,370 | 9,043 | 28.7 | 10.5 | 18.0 |
| 1952 | 508,000 | 13,358 | 5,380 | 7,968 | 26.3 | 10.5 | 15.7 |
| 1953 | 515,000 | 13,446 | 5,410 | 8,036 | 26.1 | 10.5 | 15.6 |
| 1954 | 523,000 | 13,893 | 5,490 | 8,403 | 26.6 | 10.5 | 16.1 |
| 1955 | 530,000 | 13,747 | 5,570 | 8,177 | 25.9 | 10.5 | 15.4 |
| 1956 | 536,000 | 13,875 | 5,630 | 8,215 | 25.9 | 10.5 | 15.3 |
| 1957 | 546,000 | 14,100 | 5,730 | 8,350 | 25.8 | 10.5 | 15.3 |
| 1958 | 558,000 | 14,320 | 5,860 | 8,480 | 25.7 | 10.5 | 15.2 |
| 1959 | 567,000 | 14,411 | 5,950 | 8,491 | 25.4 | 10.5 | 15.0 |
| 1960 | 573,000 | 14,500 | 6,020 | 8,510 | 25.3 | 10.5 | 14.9 |
| 1961 | 575,000 | 15,059 | 6,206 | 8,853 | 26.2 | 10.8 | 15.4 |
| 1962 | 577,000 | 14,787 | 6,101 | 8,686 | 25.6 | 10.6 | 15.0 |
| 1963 | 582,000 | 14,602 | 6,079 | 8,523 | 25.1 | 10.4 | 14.6 |
| 1964 | 587,000 | 14,224 | 6,206 | 8,018 | 24.2 | 10.6 | 13.7 |
| 1965 | 591,000 | 13,707 | 6,061 | 7,646 | 23.2 | 10.3 | 12.9 |
| 1966 | 595,000 | 13,250 | 5,991 | 7,259 | 22.3 | 10.1 | 12.2 |
| 1967 | 599,000 | 12,788 | 5,971 | 6,817 | 21.3 | 10.0 | 11.4 |
| 1968 | 604,000 | 12,403 | 5,958 | 6,445 | 20.5 | 9.9 | 10.7 |
| 1969 | 609,000 | 12,046 | 5,946 | 6,100 | 19.8 | 9.8 | 10.0 |
| 1970 | 614,000 | 11,801 | 5,998 | 5,803 | 19.2 | 9.8 | 9.4 |
| 1971 | 620,000 | 11,641 | 5,983 | 5,658 | 18.8 | 9.7 | 9.1 |
| 1972 | 627,000 | 11,620 | 6,043 | 5,577 | 18.5 | 9.6 | 8.9 |
| 1973 | 634,000 | 11,600 | 6,047 | 5,553 | 18.3 | 9.5 | 8.8 |
| 1974 | 630,000 | 10,578 | 6,900 | 3,678 | 16.8 | 11.0 | 5.8 |
| 1975 | 610,000 | 9,768 | 4,823 | 4,945 | 16.0 | 7.9 | 8.1 |
| 1976 | 599,000 | 11,194 | 5,148 | 6,046 | 18.7 | 8.6 | 10.1 |
| 1977 | 599,000 | 10,951 | 5,445 | 5,506 | 18.3 | 9.1 | 9.2 |
| 1978 | 601,000 | 11,299 | 5,048 | 6,251 | 18.8 | 8.4 | 10.4 |
| 1979 | 605,000 | 11,920 | 5,083 | 6,837 | 19.7 | 8.4 | 11.3 |
| 1980 | 611,000 | 12,464 | 5,682 | 6,782 | 20.4 | 9.3 | 11.1 |
| 1981 | 618,000 | 12,111 | 5,190 | 6,921 | 19.6 | 8.4 | 11.2 |
| 1982 | 625,000 | 12,985 | 5,307 | 7,678 | 20.8 | 8.5 | 12.3 |
| 1983 | 632,000 | 13,078 | 5,433 | 7,645 | 20.7 | 8.6 | 12.1 |
| 1984 | 640,000 | 13,182 | 5,119 | 8,063 | 20.6 | 8.0 | 12.6 |
| 1985 | 648,000 | 12,622 | 5,502 | 7,120 | 19.5 | 8.5 | 11.0 |
| 1986 | 654,000 | 12,753 | 5,494 | 7,259 | 19.5 | 8.4 | 11.1 |
| 1987 | 660,000 | 12,331 | 5,869 | 6,462 | 18.7 | 8.9 | 9.8 |
| 1988 | 665,000 | 12,753 | 5,845 | 6,908 | 19.2 | 8.8 | 10.4 |
| 1989 | 671,000 | 12,141 | 5,702 | 6,439 | 18.1 | 8.5 | 9.6 |
1 The numbers of births and deaths 1901–1932 are estimates calculated from the birth and death rates.
Historical data about main demographic indicators from 1990 to 2022, for the southern part of the island:[14]
| Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rate | Infant mortality rate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 579,400 | 10,622 | 4,844 | 5,778 | 18.3 | 8.4 | 10.0 | 2.42 | 11.0 |
| 1991 | 594,900 | 10,442 | 5,075 | 5,367 | 17.6 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 2.33 | 11.0 |
| 1992 | 610,600 | 11,372 | 5,220 | 6,152 | 18.6 | 8.5 | 10.1 | 2.49 | 10.0 |
| 1993 | 625,800 | 10,514 | 4,789 | 5,725 | 16.8 | 7.7 | 9.1 | 2.24 | 8.6 |
| 1994 | 639,000 | 10,379 | 4,924 | 5,455 | 16.2 | 7.7 | 8.5 | 2.17 | 8.6 |
| 1995 | 650,700 | 9,869 | 4,935 | 4,934 | 15.2 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 2.03 | 8.5 |
| 1996 | 660,900 | 9,638 | 4,958 | 4,680 | 14.6 | 7.5 | 7.1 | 1.96 | 8.3 |
| 1997 | 670,400 | 9,275 | 5,173 | 4,102 | 13.8 | 7.7 | 6.1 | 1.87 | 8.0 |
| 1998 | 678,900 | 8,879 | 5,432 | 3,447 | 13.1 | 8.0 | 5.1 | 1.76 | 7.0 |
| 1999 | 686,400 | 8,505 | 5,070 | 3,435 | 12.4 | 7.4 | 5.0 | 1.67 | 6.0 |
| 2000 | 693,600 | 8,447 | 5,355 | 3,092 | 12.2 | 7.7 | 4.5 | 1.64 | 5.6 |
| 2001 | 701,300 | 8,167 | 4,827 | 3,340 | 11.6 | 6.9 | 4.8 | 1.57 | 4.9 |
| 2002 | 709,100 | 7,883 | 5,168 | 2,715 | 11.1 | 7.3 | 3.8 | 1.49 | 4.7 |
| 2003 | 717,800 | 8,088 | 5,200 | 2,888 | 11.3 | 7.2 | 4.0 | 1.51 | 4.1 |
| 2004 | 727,500 | 8,309 | 5,225 | 3,084 | 11.4 | 7.2 | 4.2 | 1.52 | 3.5 |
| 2005 | 738,100 | 8,243 | 5,425 | 2,818 | 11.2 | 7.3 | 3.8 | 1.48 | 4.6 |
| 2006 | 750,300 | 8,731 | 5,127 | 3,604 | 11.6 | 6.8 | 4.8 | 1.52 | 3.1 |
| 2007 | 766,400 | 8,575 | 5,380 | 3,195 | 11.2 | 7.0 | 4.2 | 1.44 | 3.1 |
| 2008 | 785,700 | 9,205 | 5,194 | 4,011 | 11.7 | 6.6 | 5.1 | 1.48 | 3.5 |
| 2009 | 807,100 | 9,608 | 5,182 | 4,426 | 11.9 | 6.4 | 5.5 | 1.48 | 3.3 |
| 2010 | 827,700 | 9,801 | 5,103 | 4,698 | 11.8 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 1.44 | 3.2 |
| 2011 | 849,000 | 9,622 | 5,504 | 4,118 | 11.3 | 6.5 | 4.8 | 1.35 | 3.1 |
| 2012 | 863,900 | 10,161 | 5,507 | 4,654 | 11.8 | 6.4 | 5.4 | 1.40 | 3.4 |
| 2013 | 861,900 | 9,341 | 5,150 | 4,191 | 10.8 | 6.0 | 4.9 | 1.31 | 1.6 |
| 2014 | 853,200 | 9,258 | 5,426 | 3,832 | 10.8 | 6.3 | 4.5 | 1.31 | 1.9 |
| 2015 | 843,100 | 9,170 | 5,882 | 3,288 | 10.6 | 6.8 | 3.8 | 1.31 | 2.6 |
| 2016 | 849,800 | 9,455 | 5,472 | 3,983 | 10.9 | 6.3 | 4.6 | 1.36 | 2.7 |
| 2017 | 860,200 | 9,229 | 6,034 | 3,195 | 10.6 | 6.9 | 3.7 | 1.34 | 1.4 |
| 2018 | 870,800 | 9,329 | 5,812 | 3,517 | 10.6 | 6.6 | 4.0 | 1.36 | 2.6 |
| 2019 | 880,600 | 9,548 | 6,267 | 3,281 | 10.7 | 7.0 | 3.7 | 1.40 | 2.8 |
| 2020 | 896,000 | 9,930 | 6,381 | 2.297 | 10.9 | 7.2 | 3.7 | 1.45 | 2.1 |
| 2021 | 904,700 | 10,309 | 7,250 | 3,059 | 11.2 | 7.9 | 3.3 | 1.46 | 2.9 |
| 2022 | 920,700 | 10,187 | 7,307 | 2,880 | 10.9 | 7.8 | 3.1 | 1.44 | 3.3 |
| 2023 | 933,500 | 10,241 | 6,742 | 3,499 | 10.7 | 7.0 | 3.7 | 1.45 | 4.5 |
| 2024 | 979,900 | 9,940 | 6,750 | 3,190 | 10.1 | 6.9 | 3.2 |
| Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
|---|---|---|---|
| January - June 2022 | 4,667 | 3,819 | +848 |
| January - June 2023 | 4,849 | 3,516 | +1,333 |
| Difference |  +182 (+3.90%) |  -303 (−7.93%) | +485 |
| Source:[16][17] | |||
| Period | Life expectancy in Years | Period | Life expectancy in Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1950–1955 | 66.7 | 1985–1990 | 76.1 |
| 1955–1960 | 70.4 | 1990–1995 | 76.9 |
| 1960–1965 | 71.9 | 1995–2000 | 77.7 |
| 1965–1970 | 73.1 | 2000–2005 | 78.3 |
| 1970–1975 | 74.3 | 2005–2010 | 79.0 |
| 1975–1980 | 75.3 | 2010–2015 | 79.9 |
| 1980–1985 | 76.1 | 2015–2020 | 81.23 |
Source:UN World Population Prospects[18]
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 408 780 | 431 627 | 840 407 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 23 061 | 21 954 | 45 015 | 5.36 |
| 5–9 | 21 921 | 20 714 | 42 635 | 5.07 |
| 10–14 | 24 179 | 23 119 | 47 298 | 5.63 |
| 15–19 | 28 683 | 27 135 | 55 818 | 6.64 |
| 20–24 | 33 891 | 32 182 | 66 073 | 7.86 |
| 25–29 | 36 992 | 37 122 | 74 114 | 8.82 |
| 30–34 | 33 149 | 36 685 | 69 834 | 8.31 |
| 35–39 | 27 754 | 34 108 | 61 862 | 7.36 |
| 40–44 | 27 031 | 32 697 | 59 728 | 7.11 |
| 45–49 | 27 059 | 30 181 | 57 240 | 6.81 |
| 50–54 | 27 517 | 28 611 | 56 128 | 6.68 |
| 55–59 | 23 771 | 23 991 | 47 762 | 5.68 |
| 60–64 | 22 057 | 22 977 | 45 034 | 5.36 |
| 65–69 | 17 656 | 18 672 | 36 328 | 4.32 |
| 70–74 | 14 044 | 15 389 | 29 433 | 3.50 |
| 75–79 | 9 647 | 11 411 | 21 058 | 2.51 |
| 80+ | 10 342 | 14 606 | 24 948 | 2.97 |
| unknown | 26 | 73 | 99 | 0.01 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 69 161 | 65 787 | 134 948 | 16.06 |
| 15–64 | 287 904 | 305 689 | 593 593 | 70.63 |
| 65+ | 51 689 | 60 078 | 111 767 | 13.30 |
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 437 650 | 458 357 | 896 007 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 24 397 | 23 215 | 47 612 | 5.31 |
| 5–9 | 25 158 | 23 494 | 48 652 | 5.43 |
| 10–14 | 24 346 | 23 093 | 47 439 | 5.29 |
| 15–19 | 24 300 | 23 883 | 48 183 | 5.38 |
| 20–24 | 30 113 | 31 925 | 62 038 | 6.92 |
| 25–29 | 36 723 | 38 452 | 75 175 | 8.39 |
| 30–34 | 37 166 | 38 393 | 75 559 | 8.43 |
| 35–39 | 33 894 | 36 196 | 70 090 | 7.82 |
| 40–44 | 28 988 | 32 142 | 61 130 | 6.82 |
| 45–49 | 25 801 | 27 736 | 53 537 | 5.98 |
| 50–54 | 26 249 | 27 426 | 53 675 | 5.99 |
| 55–59 | 27 023 | 27 722 | 54 745 | 6.11 |
| 60–64 | 25 117 | 25 751 | 50 868 | 5.68 |
| 65–69 | 21 930 | 22 897 | 44 827 | 5.00 |
| 70–74 | 19 071 | 20 847 | 39 918 | 4.46 |
| 75–79 | 12 852 | 15 139 | 27 991 | 3.12 |
| 80–84 | 8 708 | 11 190 | 19 898 | 2.22 |
| 85–89 | 4 101 | 6 295 | 10 396 | 1.16 |
| 90–94 | 1 327 | 1 964 | 3 291 | 0.37 |
| 95–99 | 327 | 507 | 834 | 0.09 |
| 100+ | 59 | 90 | 149 | 0.02 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 73 901 | 69 802 | 143 703 | 16.04 |
| 15–64 | 295 374 | 309 626 | 605 000 | 67.52 |
| 65+ | 68 375 | 78 929 | 147 304 | 16.44 |
Turkish Cypriots were the majority of the population registered for taxation between 1777 and 1800.[21][22] However, it is likely that theMuslim population never exceeded 35-40 per cent of the total population of Cyprus. Rather, manyOrthodox Christians registered asMuslims in order to reduce taxation from the government.[23]
| census year | Greeks | Turks | Armenians | Maronites | Others | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| 1777 | 37,000 | 44.0% | 47,000 | 56.0% | — | — | — | — | — | — | 84,000 |
| 1790 | 47,500 | 41.5% | 67,000 | 58.5% | — | — | — | — | — | — | 114,500 |
| 1793 | 46,392 | 39.3% | 67,000 | 58.8% | — | — | — | — | 4,608 | 3.9% | 118,000 |
| 1800 | 30,524 | 31.3% | 67,000 | 68.7% | — | — | — | — | — | — | 97,524 |
| census year | Greeks | Turks | Armenians | Maronites | Others | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| 1881[24] | 137,631 | 73.9% | 45,458 | 24.4% | 174 | 0.1% | 830 | 0.4% | 1,738 | 0.9% | 186,173 |
| 1891[24] | 158,585 | 75.8% | 47,926 | 22.9% | 280 | 0.1% | 1,131 | 0.5% | 1,364 | 0.7% | 209,286 |
| 1901[24] | 182,739 | 77.1% | 51,309 | 21.6% | 517 | 0.2% | 1,130 | 0.5% | 1,327 | 0.6% | 237,022 |
| 1911[24] | 214,480 | 78.2% | 56,428 | 20.6% | 558 | 0.2% | 1,073 | — | 1,569 | — | 274,108 |
| 1921[24] | 244,887 | 78.8% | 61,339 | 19.7% | 1,197 | 0.4% | 1,350 | — | 1,942 | — | 310,715 |
| 1931[24] | 276,572 | 79.5% | 64,238 | 18.5% | 3,377 | 1% | 1,704 | — | 2,068 | — | 347,959 |
| 1946 | 361,199 | 80.2% | 80,548 | 17.9% | 3,686 | 0.8% | 2,083 | — | 2,598 | — | 450,114 |
| 1960 | 442,363 | 77.1% | 104,333 | 18.2% | 3,630 | — | 2,752 | — | 20,488 | — | 573,566 |
| 2011[a][25] | 659,115 | 98.8% | 1,128 | 0.2% | 1,831 | 0.3% | 3,656 | 0.5% | 1,460 | 0.2% | 667,398 |
In the census from 1881 to 1960, all Muslims are counted as Turks, only Greek Orthodox are counted as Greeks. There were small populations of Greek-speaking Muslims and Turkish-speaking Greek Orthodox.[26]
In total, between 1955 and 1973, 16,519 Turks and 71,036 Greeks emigrated from the country. Of the emigrated Turkish Cypriots in this period, only 290 went to Turkey.[27] In the 2011 census, 208 people stated their ethnic origin as beingLatin.[25]
In 2020, 39% of children born in Cyprus were to mothers of foreign origin, both from non-EU countries and from other EU member states.[28]
Large-scale demographic changes have been caused since 1964 by the movements of peoples across the island and the later influx of settlers from Turkey to northern Cyprus. According to the 2011 Census there are 170,383 non-citizens living in Cyprus, of whom 106,270 are EU citizens and 64,113 are from third countries. The largest EU groups by nationality are Greeks (29,321), Romanians (23,706) and Bulgarians (18,536). The largest non-EU groups are British (24,046), Filipinos (9,413), Russians (8,164), Sri Lankans (7,269) and Vietnamese (7,028).[29] There are an estimated 20–25,000 undocumented migrants from third countries also living in the Republic, though migrant rights groups dispute these figures.[30] The demographic changes in society have led to some racist incidents,[31][32][33] and the formation of the charityKISA in response.
The demographic character ofnorthern Cyprus changed after theTurkish invasion in 1974 and especially during the last 10–15 years. TRNC census carried out in April 2006 showed that out of a total population of 256,644 in northern Cyprus, 132,635, or 52%, were Turkish Cypriots in the sense that they were born in Cyprus of at least one Cyprus-born parent (for 120,007 of these both parents were Cyprus-born). In addition, 43,062 so called TRNC citizens (17%) had at least one non-Cypriot Turkish-born parent, 2,334 so called TRNC citizens (1%) had parents born in other countries, 70,525 residents (27%) had Turkish citizenship, and 8,088 (3%) were citizens of other countries (mainly UK, Bulgaria, and Iran).[9]
Based on these census data, it is estimated that 113,687 northern Cyprus residents, or 44% of the population, are not Turkish Cypriots properly speaking, but are in fact "Turkish immigrants" or "Turkish settlers" from Anatolia. Alternative sources suggest that the Turkish Cypriots in northern Cyprus are today outnumbered by the Turkish settlers,[34] contrary to the picture presented by the 2006 so called TRNC census.
Settlement in northern Cyprus, especially if accompanied by naturalization, is in violation of article 49 of theGeneva Conventions Protocol of 1977, since the Turkish occupation has been declared illegal by the UN.[35] The UN General Assembly have stated the settlement of Turkish mainlanders, "constitute[s] a form of colonialism and attempt to change illegally the demographic structure of Cyprus".[6] The Republic of Cyprus considers these Turkish immigrants to be "illegal settlers" and does not include them in the population estimates for the entire island published by the Republic of Cyprus Statistical Service.[36]
| Year | Net Migration |
|---|---|
| 1981 | 196 |
| 1982 | -31 |
| 1983 | 518 |
| 1984 | 155 |
| 1985 | 238 |
| 1986 | 175 |
| 1987 | 272 |
| 1988 | 257 |
| 1989 | 4,526 |
| 1990 | 8,707 |
| 1991 | 10,559 |
| 1992 | 9,999 |
| 1993 | 8,000 |
| 1994 | 7,000 |
| 1995 | 6,000 |
| 1996 | 5,300 |
| 1997 | 4,800 |
| Year | Immigration | Emigration | Net migration |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | 8,801 | 4,255 | 4,200 |
| 1999 | 8,524 | 3,978 | 4,200 |
| 2000 | 12,764 | 6,298 | 3,960 |
| 2001 | 17,485 | 9,563 | 4,650 |
| 2002 | 6,940 | 1,474 | 5,466 |
| 2003 | 7,981 | 1,696 | 6,285 |
| 2004 | 9,003 | 1,913 | 7,090 |
| 2005 | 10,320 | 2,192 | 8,128 |
| 2006 | 13,077 | 2,778 | 10,299 |
| 2007 | 19,328 | 4,106 | 15,222 |
| 2008 | 21,060 | 4,474 | 16,586 |
| 2009 | 22,581 | 4,797 | 17,784 |
| 2010 | 20,206 | 4,293 | 15,913 |
| 2011 | 23,037 | 4,895 | 18,142 |
| 2012 | 16,138 | 19,986 | -3,848 |
| 2013 | 13,666 | 20,679 | -7,013 |
| 2014 | 13,003 | 16,020 | -3,017 |
| 2015 | 15,364 | 15,733 | -369 |
| 2016 | 18,590 | 16,445 | 2,145 |
| 2017 | 22,458 | 16,931 | 5,527 |
| 2018 | 25,740 | 17,562 | 8,178 |
| 2019 | 27,553 | 18,598 | 8,955 |
| 2020 | 22,850 | 14,200 | 8,650 |
| 2021 | 25,473 | 13,244 | 12,229 |
| 2022 | 37,558 | 21,118 | 16,440 |
| 2023 | 40,761 | 26,979 | 13,782 |
According to the 2021 census, 74.6% of the population in the area under the control of the Republic of Cyprus were born in Cyprus, with 77.9% holding Cypriot citizenship.[1][2]
| Citizenship | Inhabitants |
|---|---|
  Greece | 43,438 |
 United Kingdom | 18,918 |
 Romania | 20,375 |
 Bulgaria | 16,186 |
 Philippines | 8,104 |
 Russia | 12,250 |
 Nepal | 6,949 |
 Sri Lanka | 6,654 |
 Syria | 13,096 |
 Ukraine | 3,977 |
 India | 8,085 |
 Poland | 2,379 |
 Georgia | 4,764 |
 Germany | 2,167 |
| Non-Cypriot EU citizenship total | 93,540 |
| Non-EU citizenship total | 107,168 |
Note that citizenship and place of birth do not fully correlate. For example, 27,986 people living in areas under the control of the Republic of Cyprus were born in the United Kingdom, but only 18,918 are registered as having British citizenship.
The national identities of citizens in the area under the control of the Republic of Cyprus, according to the 2011 census are:
| Language | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greek (official) | 80.9% | |||
| Other | 4.3% | |||
| English | 4.1% | |||
| Romanian | 2.9% | |||
| Russian | 2.5% | |||
| Bulgarian | 2.2% | |||
| Arabic | 1.2% | |||
| Filipino | 1.1% | |||
| Unspecified | 0.6% | |||
| Turkish (official) | 0.2% | |||
Greek and Turkish are the official languages according to Article 3 of theConstitution of Cyprus.[40] In Northern Cyprus, the official language is Turkish (Article 2 of the 1983Constitution of Northern Cyprus).[41] English is widely spoken on the island.
| Religions | percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Orthodox Christian | 89.1% | |||
| Roman Catholic | 2.9% | |||
| Protestant/Anglican | 2% | |||
| Islam | 1.8% | |||
| Other (includesMaronite,Armenian Church,Hindu) | 1.4% | |||
| Unknown | 1.1% | |||
| Buddhist | 1% | |||
| None/Atheist | 0.6% | |||
The Greek Cypriot community adheres to theAutocephalous Greek OrthodoxChurch of Cyprus and the Turkish Cypriot community adheres toIslam. The religious groups of Armenians, Maronites and Latins (about 9,000 people in total) opted, in accordance with the1960 constitution, to belong to the Greek Cypriot community.[7]
The 2011 census of the government-controlled area notes that 89.1% of the population followsGreek Orthodox Christianity, 2.9% areRoman Catholic, 2% areProtestants, 1.8% areMuslims and 1% areBuddhists;Maronite Catholics,Armenian Orthodox,Jewish,Jehovah’s Witnesses andBaha’is make up the remainder.[42] Cyprus is also the home of 6,000Jewish people who have aSynagogue in Larnaca.
Cyprus has a well-developed system of primary and secondary education. The majority of Cypriots earn their higher education at Greek, British, or American universities, while there are also sizeable emigrant communities in theUnited Kingdom andAustralia. Private colleges and state-supported universities have been developed by both the Turkish and Greek communities.[43]
The following demographic statistics are from theCIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[44]
The data in subsectionsAge structure throughDivorce rate are for the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus government only. The estimates are for 2007 from the Republic of CyprusStatistical Abstract 2007 (pp. 63–88)[36] unless indicated otherwise.
Number of marriages:
Marriage rates:
Mean age at marriage:
"The information presented here concerns only part of Cyprus, due to an absence of reliable information concerning the island as a whole".[46]
This article incorporatespublic domain material fromThe World Factbook (2025 ed.).CIA. (Archived 2006 edition.)
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