 | This article needs to beupdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(August 2024) |
| Demographics of Bangladesh | |
|---|---|
 Bangladeshpopulation pyramid in 2020 | |
| Population |  172,954,319 (2023)[1] |
| Growth rate | +1.21% (2023 est.)[2][3] |
| Birth rate | 20.35/1000 (2023)[4] |
| Death rate | 5.01/1000 (2023)[5] |
| Life expectancy | 74.07 years (2025)[6] |
| • male | 73.6 years (2025)[6] |
| • female | 76.9 years (2025)[6] |
| Fertility rate |  2.16 children born/woman (2023)[7] |
| Infant mortality rate | 22.8 deaths/1,000 live births[8] |
| Sex ratio | |
| Total | 0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)[9] |
| At birth | 1.04 male to female (2024 est.)[9] |
| Under 15 | 1.04 male(s)/female (2024 est.)[9] |
| 15–64 years | 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)[9] |
| 65 and over | 0.87 male(s)/female (2024 est.)[9] |
| Nationality | |
| Nationality | Bangladeshi |
| Major ethnic | Bengalis (99%)[10] |
| Minor ethnic | Chakma, Tripuri, Marma, Mundas, Garos (Achiks), Oraons, Santhals, Mro, Meitei people (Manipuri people, Zomi,Bihari ,Khasi |
| Language | |
| Official | Standard Bengali |
| Spoken | Bengali andits dialects |
Bangladesh is theeighth-most populated country in the world with almost 2.2% of theworld's population. As per the final results of the2022 Census of Bangladesh, the country's population is 169,828,911.[11] Bangladesh hasone of the highest population densities in the world and is the only country in the world ranking in the top 10 for both population density and total population.
Bangladesh (previouslyEast Pakistan between 1955 and 1971 andEast Bengal between 1947 and 1955) is largelyethnically homogeneous and its name derives from theBengali ethno-linguistic group which comprises 99% of thepopulation. TheChittagong Hill Tracts,Sylhet,Mymensingh,Barisal andNorth Bengal regions are home to diverse tribal peoples. There are many dialects of Bengali spoken throughout the region. The dialect spoken by those inChittagong and Sylhet are particularly distinctive. About (91.04%) of Bangladeshis are Muslims, followed by Hindus (largest-minority) at (7.95%), Buddhists (0.61%) and Christians (0.30%) and others (0.12%) as per 2022 census.
Bangladesh hasone of the highest population densities in the world. The total fertility rate (TFR) has been reduced by two thirds sinceits independence in 1971. The 2025 the TFR in Bangladesh was surveyed at 2.4 per woman, an increase from the last decade and just above the global average.[12]
The April 2023 total population was 169,532,362, which makes Bangladesh theeighth-most populous country in the world.
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Bangladesh had high rates of population growth in the 1960s and 1970s. Since then however it has seen significant reduction in its totalfertility rate. Over a period of three decades it dropped from almost 7 to 2 in 2005–2018.[13]
The latest decennial census was conducted by theBangladesh Bureau of Statistics in2022.[11]
| Census date | Census population (millions) | Adjusted population (millions) |
|---|---|---|
| 1801 | 14.5 | |
| 1851 | 20.3 | |
| 1901 | 28.928 | |
| 1911 | 31.555 | |
| 1921 | 33.255 | |
| 1931 | 35.602 | |
| 1941 | 41.997 | |
| 1951 | 41.932 | |
| 1961 | 50.840 | |
| 1974 | 71.479 | 76.398 |
| 1981 | 87.120 | 89.912 |
| 1991 | 106.313 | 111.455 |
| 2001 | 124.355 | 130.523 |
| 2011 | 142.319 | 152.518 |
| 2022 | 165.159 | 169.829 |
| Year[13] | Total population (millions) | Population percentage | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aged 0–14 | aged 15–64 | aged 65+ | ||
| 1950 | 37.895 | 41.2% | 54.8% | 3.9% |
| 1955 | 43.444 | 42.4% | 54.1% | 3.5% |
| 1960 | 50.102 | 43.6% | 53.1% | 3.3% |
| 1965 | 57.792 | 44.7% | 52.0% | 3.3% |
| 1970 | 66.881 | 44.7% | 51.8% | 3.4% |
| 1975 | 70.582 | 45.8% | 50.7% | 3.5% |
| 1980 | 80.624 | 45.0% | 51.4% | 3.6% |
| 1985 | 92.284 | 43.9% | 52.5% | 3.6% |
| 1990 | 105.256 | 42.5% | 53.8% | 3.7% |
| 1995 | 117.487 | 40.3% | 55.9% | 3.8% |
| 2000 | 127.658 | 37.0% | 59.2% | 3.9% |
| 2005 | 139.036 | 34.4% | 61.3% | 4.3% |
| 2010 | 147.575 | 32.0% | 63.2% | 4.8% |
| 2015 | 156.256 | 29.3% | 65.6% | 5.1% |
| 2020 | 164.689 | 26.8% | 68.0% | 5.2% |
Population by sex and age group (Census 15.III.2011):
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 72 109 796 | 71 933 901 | 144 043 697 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 7 638 523 | 7 423 447 | 15 061 970 | 10.46 |
| 5–9 | 9 322 514 | 8 850 715 | 18 173 229 | 12.62 |
| 10–14 | 8 614 889 | 8 031 726 | 16 646 615 | 11.56 |
| 15–19 | 6 509 492 | 6 352 398 | 12 861 890 | 8.93 |
| 20–24 | 5 777 370 | 7 522 419 | 13 299 789 | 9.23 |
| 25–29 | 6 225 252 | 7 254 256 | 13 479 508 | 9.36 |
| 30–34 | 5 079 106 | 5 420 659 | 10 499 765 | 7.29 |
| 35–39 | 4 697 349 | 4 859 079 | 9 556 428 | 6.63 |
| 40–44 | 4 280 923 | 3 980 739 | 8 261 662 | 5.74 |
| 45–49 | 3 363 273 | 3 016 800 | 6 380 073 | 4.43 |
| 50–54 | 2 952 596 | 2 599 675 | 5 552 271 | 3.85 |
| 55–59 | 1 923 534 | 1 577 463 | 3 500 997 | 2.43 |
| 60–64 | 2 081 306 | 1 852 708 | 3 934 014 | 2.73 |
| 65–69 | 1 149 569 | 963 921 | 2 113 490 | 1.47 |
| 70–74 | 1 206 398 | 1 025 314 | 2 231 712 | 1.55 |
| 75–79 | 488 338 | 386 389 | 874 727 | 0.61 |
| 80–84 | 443 239 | 436 840 | 880 079 | 0.61 |
| 85–89 | 138 268 | 124 343 | 262 611 | 0.18 |
| 90–94 | 116 916 | 133 273 | 250 189 | 0.17 |
| 95+ | 100 941 | 121 737 | 222 678 | 0.15 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
| 0–14 | 25 575 926 | 24 305 888 | 49 881 814 | 34.63 |
| 15–64 | 42 890 201 | 44 436 196 | 87 326 397 | 60.62 |
| 65+ | 3 643 669 | 3 191 817 | 6 835 486 | 4.75 |
Population census by sex and age group (2022 census):
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 84 077 203 | 85 653 120 | 169 828 909 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 7 940 000 | 7 630 000 | 9.44 | |
| 5–9 | 7 920 000 | 7 400 000 | 9.28 | |
| 10–14 | 8 510 000 | 7 820 000 | 9.89 | |
| 15–19 | 8 060 000 | 8 490 000 | 10.03 | |
| 20–24 | 6 710 000 | 8 270 000 | 9.08 | |
| 25–29 | 6 460 000 | 7 910 000 | 8.71 | |
| 30–34 | 5 650 000 | 6 460 000 | 7.34 | |
| 35–39 | 6 040 000 | 6 680 000 | 7.7 | |
| 40–44 | 5 120 000 | 4 920 000 | 6.08 | |
| 45–49 | 4 130 000 | 4 130 000 | 5.01 | |
| 50–54 | 4 000 000 | 3 780 000 | 4.72 | |
| 55–59 | 2 950 000 | 2 770 000 | 3.48 | |
| 60–64 | 3 010 000 | 2 590 000 | 3.39 | |
| 65–69 | 2 150 000 | 1 770 000 | 2.38 | |
| 70–74 | 1 570 000 | 1 260 000 | 1.71 | |
| 75–79 | 670 000 | 550 000 | 0.74 | |
| 80+ | 820 000 | 920 000 | 1.06 | |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Per cent |
| 0–14 | 24 535 272 | 23 929 621 | 48 464 893 | 28.81 |
| 15–64 | 54 843 936 | 55 713 243 | 110 557 179 | 65.72 |
| 65+ | 4 810 792 | 4 387 136 | 9 197 928 | 5.47 |
| Age range (years) | Sex ratio (males/females) (2015 est.)[17] |
|---|---|
| at birth | 1.04 |
| 0–14 | 1.03 |
| 15–24 | 0.89 |
| 25–54 | 0.90 |
| 55–64 | 1.01 |
| 65 and over | 0.97 |
| total population | 0.95 |
The sprawling mega-city of Dhaka has a huge population, but the majority of the people nonetheless still live in villages in rural areas.
The Population Department of theUnited Nations prepared the following estimates. Population estimates account for under numeration in population censuses.[18]
| Year | Mid-year population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Crude migration rate (per 1000) | Total fertility rate (TFR) | Infant mortality (per 1000 live births) | Life expectancy (in years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 39,729,000 | 1,848,000 | 1,072,000 | 776,000 | 46.5 | 27.0 | 19.5 | 6.30 | 219.2 | 38.18 | |
| 1951 | 40,549,000 | 1,907,000 | 1,066,000 | 842,000 | 47.0 | 26.3 | 20.8 | -0.2 | 6.34 | 213.6 | 38.86 |
| 1952 | 41,427,000 | 1,960,000 | 1,056,000 | 904,000 | 47.3 | 25.5 | 21.8 | -0.1 | 6.35 | 208.1 | 39.69 |
| 1953 | 42,329,000 | 2,016,000 | 1,067,000 | 949,000 | 47.6 | 25.2 | 22.4 | -0.6 | 6.38 | 203.1 | 39.94 |
| 1954 | 43,282,000 | 2,079,000 | 1,047,000 | 1,032,000 | 48.0 | 24.2 | 23.8 | -1.3 | 6.44 | 197.6 | 41.16 |
| 1955 | 44,316,000 | 2,140,000 | 1,044,000 | 1,096,000 | 48.3 | 23.5 | 24.7 | -0.8 | 6.49 | 192.8 | 41.89 |
| 1956 | 45,408,000 | 2,198,000 | 1,048,000 | 1,150,000 | 48.4 | 23.1 | 25.3 | -0.7 | 6.53 | 188.4 | 42.42 |
| 1957 | 46,561,000 | 2,262,000 | 1,037,000 | 1,225,000 | 48.6 | 22.3 | 26.3 | -0.9 | 6.57 | 183.5 | 43.41 |
| 1958 | 47,743,000 | 2,329,000 | 1,043,000 | 1,286,000 | 48.7 | 21.8 | 26.9 | -1.5 | 6.62 | 179.5 | 43.93 |
| 1959 | 49,005,000 | 2,405,000 | 1,045,000 | 1,360,000 | 49.0 | 21.3 | 27.7 | -1.3 | 6.71 | 175.4 | 44.60 |
| 1960 | 50,396,000 | 2,493,000 | 1,070,000 | 1,423,000 | 49.5 | 21.2 | 28.2 | 0.2 | 6.78 | 173.4 | 44.74 |
| 1961 | 51,883,000 | 2,574,000 | 1,064,000 | 1,510,000 | 49.6 | 20.5 | 29.1 | 0.4 | 6.83 | 168.3 | 45.66 |
| 1962 | 53,462,000 | 2,650,000 | 1,055,000 | 1,595,000 | 49.6 | 19.7 | 29.8 | 0.6 | 6.87 | 164.3 | 46.70 |
| 1963 | 55,094,000 | 2,704,000 | 1,084,000 | 1,620,000 | 49.1 | 19.7 | 29.4 | 1.1 | 6.84 | 162.6 | 46.66 |
| 1964 | 56,774,000 | 2,760,000 | 1,068,000 | 1,692,000 | 48.6 | 18.8 | 29.8 | 0.7 | 6.84 | 158.7 | 47.74 |
| 1965 | 58,500,000 | 2,816,000 | 1,130,000 | 1,686,000 | 48.2 | 19.3 | 28.8 | 1.6 | 6.83 | 159.0 | 46.86 |
| 1966 | 60,265,000 | 2,881,000 | 1,088,000 | 1,792,000 | 47.8 | 18.1 | 29.7 | 0.5 | 6.82 | 154.7 | 48.58 |
| 1967 | 62,104,000 | 2,966,000 | 1,107,000 | 1,859,000 | 47.8 | 17.8 | 29.9 | 0.6 | 6.85 | 153.3 | 48.87 |
| 1968 | 63,996,000 | 3,046,000 | 1,130,000 | 1,916,000 | 47.6 | 17.6 | 29.9 | 0.6 | 6.85 | 152.5 | 49.09 |
| 1969 | 65,867,000 | 3,134,000 | 1,159,000 | 1,975,000 | 47.5 | 17.6 | 29.9 | -0.7 | 6.86 | 152.0 | 49.17 |
| 1970 | 67,542,000 | 3,209,000 | 1,509,000 | 1,701,000 | 47.4 | 22.3 | 25.1 | 0.3 | 6.88 | 165.3 | 42.59 |
| 1971 | 68,376,000 | 3,262,000 | 2,811,000 | 451,000 | 47.6 | 41.0 | 6.6 | 5.7 | 6.87 | 199.4 | 26.00 |
| 1972 | 69,347,000 | 3,300,000 | 1,189,000 | 2,112,000 | 47.5 | 17.1 | 30.4 | -16.2 | 6.85 | 151.3 | 49.59 |
| 1973 | 71,145,000 | 3,349,000 | 1,211,000 | 2,137,000 | 47.0 | 17.0 | 30.0 | -4.1 | 6.82 | 151.1 | 49.83 |
| 1974 | 72,948,000 | 3,414,000 | 1,275,000 | 2,139,000 | 46.7 | 17.4 | 29.2 | -3.9 | 6.79 | 153.6 | 49.16 |
| 1975 | 74,700,000 | 3,461,000 | 1,246,000 | 2,215,000 | 46.2 | 16.6 | 29.5 | -5.5 | 6.74 | 149.3 | 50.29 |
| 1976 | 76,380,000 | 3,540,000 | 1,260,000 | 2,280,000 | 46.2 | 16.4 | 29.7 | -7.2 | 6.67 | 147.9 | 50.65 |
| 1977 | 78,138,000 | 3,610,000 | 1,266,000 | 2,344,000 | 46.1 | 16.1 | 29.9 | -6.9 | 6.59 | 146.1 | 51.20 |
| 1978 | 80,008,000 | 3,661,000 | 1,289,000 | 2,372,000 | 45.6 | 16.1 | 29.5 | -5.6 | 6.52 | 143.9 | 51.25 |
| 1979 | 81,908,000 | 3,735,000 | 1,306,000 | 2,429,000 | 45.5 | 15.9 | 29.6 | -5.9 | 6.42 | 141.3 | 51.46 |
| 1980 | 83,930,000 | 3,793,000 | 1,313,000 | 2,479,000 | 45.1 | 15.6 | 29.5 | -4.8 | 6.32 | 138.6 | 51.85 |
| 1981 | 86,155,000 | 3,859,000 | 1,324,000 | 2,535,000 | 44.7 | 15.4 | 29.4 | -2.9 | 6.24 | 135.7 | 52.17 |
| 1982 | 88,555,000 | 3,922,000 | 1,332,000 | 2,590,000 | 44.3 | 15.0 | 29.2 | -1.3 | 6.12 | 132.6 | 52.54 |
| 1983 | 91,045,000 | 3,899,000 | 1,327,000 | 2,572,000 | 42.8 | 14.6 | 28.2 | -0.1 | 5.89 | 129.2 | 53.01 |
| 1984 | 93,534,000 | 3,914,000 | 1,318,000 | 2,596,000 | 41.8 | 14.1 | 27.7 | -0.4 | 5.73 | 125.8 | 53.54 |
| 1985 | 95,959,000 | 3,913,000 | 1,317,000 | 2,597,000 | 40.7 | 13.7 | 27.0 | -1.1 | 5.54 | 122.6 | 53.90 |
| 1986 | 98,272,000 | 3,880,000 | 1,301,000 | 2,579,000 | 39.4 | 13.2 | 26.2 | -2.1 | 5.30 | 118.4 | 54.42 |
| 1987 | 100,490,000 | 3,858,000 | 1,286,000 | 2,572,000 | 38.3 | 12.8 | 25.6 | -3.0 | 5.07 | 114.7 | 54.93 |
| 1988 | 102,689,000 | 3,803,000 | 1,290,000 | 2,513,000 | 37.0 | 12.5 | 24.4 | -2.5 | 4.84 | 110.9 | 55.03 |
| 1989 | 104,894,000 | 3,801,000 | 1,299,000 | 2,501,000 | 36.2 | 12.4 | 23.8 | -2.3 | 4.68 | 106.9 | 55.09 |
| 1990 | 107,148,000 | 3,750,000 | 1,257,000 | 2,492,000 | 35.1 | 12.0 | 23.2 | -1.7 | 4.48 | 103.0 | 55.99 |
| 1991 | 109,243,000 | 3,660,000 | 1,375,000 | 2,285,000 | 33.6 | 12.9 | 20.7 | -1.3 | 4.26 | 103.6 | 54.15 |
| 1992 | 111,272,000 | 3,604,000 | 1,178,000 | 2,426,000 | 32.4 | 11.2 | 21.2 | -3.2 | 4.03 | 95.2 | 57.64 |
| 1993 | 113,419,000 | 3,579,000 | 1,174,000 | 2,404,000 | 31.4 | 10.9 | 20.5 | -1.9 | 3.83 | 91.3 | 57.93 |
| 1994 | 115,615,000 | 3,627,000 | 1,153,000 | 2,474,000 | 31.1 | 10.5 | 20.6 | -2.0 | 3.74 | 87.3 | 58.62 |
| 1995 | 117,793,000 | 3,593,000 | 1,120,000 | 2,472,000 | 30.4 | 10.1 | 20.2 | -2.2 | 3.59 | 83.4 | 59.47 |
| 1996 | 119,877,000 | 3,597,000 | 1,138,000 | 2,458,000 | 30.0 | 9.8 | 20.3 | -2.8 | 3.51 | 79.5 | 59.49 |
| 1997 | 122,039,000 | 3,692,000 | 1,047,000 | 2,646,000 | 30.4 | 9.4 | 21.0 | -3.6 | 3.50 | 75.5 | 61.43 |
| 1998 | 124,350,000 | 3,711,000 | 936,000 | 2,775,000 | 30.2 | 9.0 | 21.1 | -3.4 | 3.43 | 71.8 | 63.92 |
| 1999 | 126,755,000 | 3,723,000 | 846,000 | 2,877,000 | 29.9 | 8.6 | 21.2 | -3.4 | 3.36 | 68.1 | 66.23 |
| 2000 | 129,193,000 | 3,747,000 | 887,000 | 2,860,000 | 29.6 | 8.3 | 21.3 | -2.9 | 3.28 | 64.6 | 65.78 |
| 2001 | 131,670,000 | 3,756,000 | 890,000 | 2,866,000 | 29.2 | 7.9 | 21.2 | -2.5 | 3.20 | 61.3 | 66.14 |
| 2002 | 134,140,000 | 3,758,000 | 886,000 | 2,872,000 | 28.5 | 7.6 | 20.9 | -2.6 | 3.13 | 58.2 | 66.61 |
| 2003 | 136,503,000 | 3,736,000 | 896,000 | 2,841,000 | 27.7 | 7.3 | 20.4 | -3.2 | 3.03 | 55.3 | 66.82 |
| 2004 | 138,790,000 | 3,697,000 | 896,000 | 2,801,000 | 27.0 | 7.1 | 19.9 | -3.3 | 2.94 | 52.6 | 67.19 |
| 2005 | 140,913,000 | 3,603,000 | 908,000 | 2,696,000 | 26.1 | 6.8 | 19.2 | -3.8 | 2.85 | 50.0 | 67.30 |
| 2006 | 142,629,000 | 3,529,000 | 930,000 | 2,600,000 | 25.3 | 6.6 | 18.6 | -6.0 | 2.76 | 47.5 | 67.24 |
| 2007 | 144,136,000 | 3,467,000 | 982,000 | 2,485,000 | 24.5 | 6.5 | 18.0 | -6.6 | 2.67 | 45.4 | 66.71 |
| 2008 | 145,421,000 | 3,379,000 | 979,000 | 2,400,000 | 23.7 | 6.3 | 17.4 | -7.5 | 2.58 | 43.0 | 67.05 |
| 2009 | 146,707,000 | 3,275,000 | 972,000 | 2,302,000 | 22.8 | 6.2 | 16.6 | -6.9 | 2.48 | 41.0 | 67.40 |
| 2010 | 148,391,000 | 3,177,000 | 907,000 | 2,269,000 | 21.9 | 6.0 | 15.8 | -3.8 | 2.38 | 39.0 | 68.64 |
| 2011 | 150,211,000 | 3,093,000 | 919,000 | 2,174,000 | 21.1 | 5.9 | 15.2 | -2.2 | 2.31 | 37.2 | 68.81 |
| 2012 | 152,091,000 | 3,062,000 | 893,000 | 2,169,000 | 20.7 | 5.8 | 14.9 | -1.7 | 2.26 | 35.6 | 69.55 |
| 2013 | 154,030,000 | 3,067,000 | 921,000 | 2,146,000 | 20.6 | 5.8 | 14.8 | -1.2 | 2.25 | 33.9 | 69.57 |
| 2014 | 155,961,000 | 3,049,000 | 919,000 | 2,130,000 | 20.3 | 5.7 | 14.6 | -1.1 | 2.23 | 32.4 | 69.99 |
| 2015 | 157,830,000 | 3,026,000 | 912,000 | 2,114,000 | 20.3 | 5.6 | 14.6 | -1.4 | 2.23 | 30.9 | 70.49 |
| 2016 | 159,785,000 | 3,037,000 | 900,000 | 2,137,000 | 20.2 | 5.6 | 14.7 | -1.0 | 2.23 | 29.4 | 71.09 |
| 2017 | 161,794,000 | 2,994,000 | 881,000 | 2,113,000 | 20.0 | 5.5 | 14.5 | -0.5 | 2.21 | 28.0 | 71.79 |
| 2018 | 163,684,000 | 3,025,000 | 859,000 | 2,166,000 | 20.1 | 5.4 | 14.6 | -1.5 | 2.19 | 26.6 | 72.57 |
| 2019 | 165,516,000 | 3,041,000 | 875,000 | 2,166,000 | 20.1 | 5.4 | 14.8 | -1.9 | 2.18 | 25.2 | 72.81 |
| 2020 | 167,421,000 | 3,023,000 | 974,000 | 2,049,000 | 20.3 | 6.1 | 14.2 | -0.7 | 2.18 | 24.0 | 71.97 |
| 2021 | 169,356,000 | 3,020,000 | 962,000 | 2,057,000 | 20.4 | 6.3 | 14.1 | -0.5 | 2.17 | 22.9 | 72.38 |
| 2022 | 3,486,416 | 853,189 | 2,633,227 | 20.6 | 5.0 | 15.5 | 2.18 | ||||
| 2023 | 3,489,953 | 859,075 | 2,630,878 | 20.4 | 5.0 | 15.3 | 2.16 | ||||
| 2024 | 3,469,124 | 885,972 | 2,583,152 | 20.0 | 5.1 | 14.9 | 2.14 | ||||
| 2025 | 3,441,259 | 899,880 | 2,541,379 | 19.6 | 5.1 | 14.5 | 2.11 |
| Year | Population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Fertility rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National (urban/rural) | ||||||||
| 1981 | 87,119,965[20] | 3,098,000 | 1,038,000 | 2,060,000 | 34.6 (24.8/35.7) | 11.5 (7.2/12.2) | 23.1 (17.6/23.5) | 5.04 (3.20/5.28) |
| 1982 | 92,300,000 | 3,189,000 | 1,107,000 | 2,082,000 | 34.8 (22.9/36.9) | 12.2 (6.9/12.8) | 22.6 (16.0/24.1) | 5.21 (3.01/5.50) |
| 1983 | 94,300,000 | 3,280,000 | 1,163,000 | 2,117,000 | 35.0 (27.1/36.4) | 12.3 (7.5/13.2) | 22.7 (19.6/23.2) | 5.07 (3.45/5.36) |
| 1984 | 96,300,000 | 3,335,000 | 1,182,000 | 2,153,000 | 34.8 (25.0/36.1) | 12.3 (8.5/12.9) | 22.5 (16.5/23.2) | 4.83 (3.10/5.08) |
| 1985 | 98,400,000 | 3,392,000 | 1,183,000 | 2,209,000 | 34.6 (28.0/35.3) | 12.0 (8.3/12.9) | 22.6 (19.7/22.4) | 4.71 (3.52/4.91) |
| 1986 | 100,500,000 | 3,448,000 | 1,183,000 | 2,265,000 | 34.4 (25.9/35.4) | 12.1 (8.1/12.3) | 22.3 (17.8/23.1) | 4.70 (3.26/4.89) |
| 1987 | 102,800,000 | 3,414,000 | 1,173,000 | 2,241,000 | 33.3 (24.8/34.6) | 11.5 (7.6/11.8) | 21.8 (17.2/22.8) | 4.42 (3.05/4.64) |
| 1988 | 105,000,000 | 3,477,000 | 1,179,000 | 2,298,000 | 33.2 (24.9/34.6) | 11.3 (7.5/11.9) | 21.9 (17.4/22.7) | 4.45 (3.08/4.70) |
| 1989 | 107,400,000 | 3,531,000 | 1,196,000 | 2,335,000 | 33.0 (24.4/34.5) | 11.3 (7.3/11.9) | 21.7 (17.1/22.6) | 4.35 (2.90/4.59) |
| 1990 | 109,800,000 | 3,559,000 | 1,106,000 | 2,453,000 | 32.8 (24.6/34.3) | 11.4 (7.8/11.8) | 21.4 (16.8/22.5) | 4.33 (2.90/4.57) |
| 1991 | 106,314,992[20] | 3,561,000 | 1,110,000 | 2,451,000 | 31.6 (23.9/32.9) | 11.2 (7.8/11.5) | 20.4 (16.1/21.4) | 4.24 (2.89/4.51) |
| 1992 | 114,400,000 | 3,455,000 | 1,139,000 | 2,316,000 | 30.8 (23.7/32.2) | 11.0 (7.5/11.3) | 19.8 (16.2/20.9) | 4.18 (2.88/4.33) |
| 1993 | 116,500,000 | 3,350,000 | 1,100,000 | 2,250,000 | 28.8 (21.0/30.0) | 10.0 (7.2/10.4) | 18.8 (13.8/19.6) | 3.84 (2.62/4.00) |
| 1994 | 118,400,000 | 3,289,000 | 1,067,000 | 2,222,000 | 27.0 (20.2/29.1) | 9.3 (7.1/9.3) | 17.7 (13.1/19.8) | 3.58 (2.58/3.79) |
| 1995 | 120,200,000 | 3,228,000 | 1,007,000 | 2,221,000 | 26.5 (19.4/28.5) | 8.7 (6.7/9.0) | 17.8 (12.7/19.5) | 3.45 (2.50/3.78) |
| 1996 | 122,100,000 | 3,143,000 | 989,000 | 2,154,000 | 25.6 (19.0/27.8) | 8.2 (6.5/8.8) | 17.4 (12.5/19.0) | 3.41 (2.48/3.76) |
| 1997 | 123,900,000 | 2,746,000 | 719,000 | 2,027,000 | 21.0 (16.2/24.5) | 5.5 (4.2/6.5) | 15.5 (12.0/18.0) | 3.10 (2.28/3.32) |
| 1998 | 125,700,000 | 2,608,000 | 652,000 | 1,956,000 | 19.9 (14.0/21.0) | 5.1 (3.7/5.4) | 14.8 (10.3/15.6) | 2.98 (2.24/3.00) |
| 1999 | 127,500,000 | 2,542,000 | 649,000 | 1,893,000 | 19.2 (13.8/20.9) | 5.1 (3.5/5.4) | 14.1 (10.3/15.5) | 2.64 (1.76/2.91) |
| 2000 | 129,300,000 | 2,454,000 | 640,000 | 1,814,000 | 19.0 (13.7/20.8) | 4.9 (3.5/5.3) | 14.1 (10.2/15.5) | 2.59 (1.68/2.89) |
| 2001 | 124,355,263[20] | 2,439,000 | 638,000 | 1,801,000 | 18.9 (13.6/20.7) | 4.8 (4.3/5.2) | 14.1 (9.3/15.5) | 2.56 (1.73/2.84) |
| 2002 | 132,900,000 | 2,674,000 | 679,000 | 1,995,000 | 20.1 (16.6/21.0) | 5.1 (3.8/5.4) | 15.0 (12.8/15.6) | 2.55 (1.94/2.69) |
| 2003 | 134,800,000 | 2,814,000 | 783,000 | 2,031,000 | 20.9 (17.9/21.7) | 5.9 (4.7/6.2) | 15.0 (13.2/15.5) | 2.57 (1.91/2.70) |
| 2004 | 136,700,000 | 2,830,000 | 794,000 | 2,036,000 | 20.8 (17.8/21.6) | 5.8 (4.4/6.1) | 15.0 (13.4/15.5) | 2.51 (1.91/2.67) |
| 2005 | 138,600,000 | 2,879,000 | 823,000 | 2,056,000 | 20.7 (17.8/21.7) | 5.8 (4.9/6.1) | 14.9 (12.9/15.6) | 2.46 (1.87/2.65) |
| 2006 | 140,600,000 | 2,901,000 | 789,000 | 2,112,000 | 20.6 (17.5/21.7) | 5.6 (4.4/6.0) | 15.0 (13.1/15.7) | 2.41 (1.81/2.63) |
| 2007 | 142,600,000 | 2,986,000 | 792,000 | 2,194,000 | 20.9 (17.4/22.1) | 6.2 (5.1/6.6) | 14.7 (12.3/15.5) | 2.39 (1.79/2.61) |
| 2008 | 144,700,000 | 3,022,000 | 885,000 | 2,137,000 | 20.5 (17.2/22.4) | 6.0 (5.1/6.5) | 14.5 (12.1/15.9) | 2.30 (1.79/2.60) |
| 2009 | 146,700,000 | 2,832,000 | 842,000 | 1,990,000 | 19.4 (16.8/20.4) | 5.8 (4.7/6.1) | 13.6 (12.1/14.3) | 2.15 (1.65/2.28) |
| 2010 | 148,600,000 | 2,868,494 | 842,095 | 2,026,399 | 19.2 (17.1/20.1) | 5.6 (4.9/5.9) | 13.6 (12.2/14.2) | 2.12 (1.72/2.26) |
| 2011 | 150,600,000 | 2,891,000 | 828,000 | 2,063,000 | 19.2 (17.4/20.2) | 5.5 (4.8/5.8) | 13.7 (12.6/14.4) | 2.11 (1.71/2.25) |
| 2012 | 152,700,000 | 2,933,000 | 826,000 | 2,107,000 | 18.9 (17.1/20.0) | 5.3 (4.6/5.7) | 13.6 (12.5/14.3) | 2.12 (1.84/2.30) |
| 2013 | 154,700,000 | 19.0 (18.2/19.3) | 5.3 (4.6/5.6) | 13.7 (13.6/13.7) | 2.11 (1.84/2.19) | |||
| 2014 | 156,800,000 | 18.9 (17.2/19.4) | 5.2 (4.1/5.6) | 13.7 (13.1/13.8) | 2.11 (1.77/2.22) | |||
| 2015 | 158,900,000 | 18.8 (16.5/20.3) | 5.1 (4.6/5.5) | 13.7 (11.9/14.8) | 2.10 (1.72/2.30) | |||
| 2016 | 160,800,000 | 18.7 (16.1/20.9) | 5.1 (4.2/5.7) | 13.6 (11.9/15.2) | 2.10 (1.68/2.38) | |||
| 2017 | 163,780,000 | 3,009,950 | 829,770 | 2,180,180 | 18.5 (16.1/20.4) | 5.1 (4.2/5.7) | 13.4 (11.9/14.7) | 2.05 (1.68/2.37) |
| 2018 | 164,600,000 | 18.3 (16.1/20.1) | 5.0 (4.4/5.4) | 13.3 (11.7/14.7) | 2.05 (1.68/2.38) | |||
| 2019 | 166,500,000 | 18.1 (15.9/20.0) | 4.9 (4.4/5.4) | 13.2 (11.5/14.6) | 2.04 (1.67/2.37) | |||
| 2020 | 168,220,000 | 3,040,667 | 852,254 | 2,188,413 | 18.1 (15.3/20.4) | 5.1 (4.9/5.2) | 13.0 (10.4/15.2) | 2.04 (1.66/2.37) |
| 2021 | 170,260,000 | 18.8 (16.4/19.5) | 5.7 (4.8/6.0) | 13.1 (11.6/13.5) | 2.05 (1.66/2.18) | |||
| 2022 | 169,828,911[21] | 19.8 (16.6/20.8) | 5.8 (5.1/6.0) | 14.0 (11.5/14.8) | 2.20 (1.71/2.37) | |||
| 2023 | 2.17 | |||||||
| Division | TFR (total fertility rate) | Crude birth rate | Death rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mymensingh | 2.69 | 21.8 | 5.0 |
| Barishal | 2.07 | 17.7 | 5.2 |
| Chittagong | 2.36 | 21.6 | 5.3 |
| Dhaka | 1.71 | 15.8 | 4.5 |
| Rajshahi | 1.99 | 16.8 | 5.4 |
| Rangpur | 2.11 | 18.2 | 5.2 |
| Sylhet | 1.94 | 17.7 | 5.3 |
| Khulna | 1.98 | 17.1 | 5.0 |
| Year(s) | Total fertility rate (TFR) |
|---|---|
| 1993–94 | 3.4 |
| 1996–97 | 3.3 |
| 1999–2000 | 3.3 |
| 2004 | 3.0 |
| 2007 | 2.7 |
| 2011 | 2.3 |
| 2014 | 2.3 |
| 2017–18 | 2.3 |
| 2022 | 2.3 |
| Period | Life expectancy in Years | Period | Life expectancy in Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1950–1955 | 40.7 | 1985–1990 | 57.0 |
| 1955–1960 | 44.2 | 1990–1995 | 60.0 |
| 1960–1965 | 47.2 | 1995–2000 | 63.7 |
| 1965–1970 | 49.3 | 2000–2005 | 66.7 |
| 1970–1975 | 46.3 | 2005–2010 | 69.1 |
| 1975–1980 | 52.2 | 2010–2015 | 71.2 |
| 1980–1985 | 54.3 |
Source:UN World Population Prospects[24]
The vast majority (about 99%) of Bangladeshis are of theBengali ethno-linguistic group. This group also spans the neighbouring Indian province ofWest Bengal.Minority ethnic groups includeMeitei,Tripuri,Marma,Tanchangya,Barua,Khasi,Santhals,Chakma,Rakhine,Garo,Biharis,Oraons, andMundas.
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Biharis areUrdu-speaking, non-Bengalis who emigrated from the state ofBihar and other parts of northern India during the1947 partition. They are concentrated in theDhaka andRangpur areas and number some 300,000.[25][26] In the 1971 independence war many of them sided with Pakistan, as they stood to lose their positions in the upper levels of society.[27] Hundreds of thousands went to Pakistan and those that remained were interned inrefugee camps. Their population declined from about 1 million in 1971 to 600,000 in the late 1980s.[27]Refugees International has called them a "neglected and stateless" people as they are denied citizenship by the governments of Bangladesh and Pakistan.[28] As nearly 40 years has passed, two generations of Biharis have been born in these camps. Biharis were granted Bangladeshi citizenship and voting rights in 2008.[29]
Bangladesh's tribal population was enumerated at 897,828 in the 1981 census.[27] These tribes are concentrated in theChittagong Hill Tracts and aroundMymensingh,Sylhet, andRajshahi. They are of Sino-Tibetan descent and differ markedly in their social customs, religion, language and level of development. They speak Tibeto-Burman languages and most are Buddhist or Hindu.[27] The four largest tribes areChakmas, Marmas, Tipperas,Tanchangya, and Mros. Smaller groups include the Santals in Rajshahi and Dinajpur, and Khasis, Garos, and Khajons in Mymensingh and Sylhet regions.[27]
There are small communities ofMeitei people (aliasManipuri people) in the Sylhet district, which is close to the Meitei homeland across the border inManipur, India.[30][31]
There is a large population ofRohingya refugees fromMyanmar near the border in the southeast. There are 28,000 living in two UN refugee camps inCox's Bazar as well as some 200,000 "unregistered people of concern" living outside of the camps.[32] The refugee crisis originated in the early 1990s when the first wave numbering some 250,000 of the predominantly Muslim ethnic group fled persecution from their home in Rakhaine—Myanmar's westernmost state. Bangladesh seeks to repatriate the refugees back to Myanmar.[33] Since2017, there are approximately 1.1 million Rohingya refugees living in Bangladesh.
Bangladesh has 44 indigenous languages according to Professor Shameem Reza.[40]
According to theEthnologue, there are 36 indigenous living languages, which include 17Sino-Tibetan, 10Indo-European, 7Austro-Asiatic and 2Dravidian languages.[35]
| Islam | Hinduism | Buddhism | Christianity | Other religions/ No religion | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1951[41] | 76.9% | 22.0% | 0.7% | 0.3% | 0.1% |
| 1961[41] | 80.4% | 18.5% | 0.7% | 0.3% | 0.1% |
| 1974[41] | 85.4% | 13.5% | 0.6% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
| 1981[41] | 86.6% | 12.1% | 0.6% | 0.3% | 0.3% |
| 1991[41] | 88.3% | 10.5% | 0.6% | 0.3% | 0.3% |
| 2001[42] | 89.7% | 9.2% | 0.7% | 0.3% | 0.1% |
| 2011[43] | 90.4% | 8.5% | 0.6% | 0.3% | 0.1% |
| 2022[11] | 91.0% | 7.9% | 0.6% | 0.3% | 0.1% |
| Religion | Population |
|---|---|
Muslims ( ) | 150,360,404 |
Hindus ( ) | 13,130,109 |
Buddhists ( ) | 1,007,467 |
Christians ( ) | 495,475 |
| Others | 198,190 |
| Total | 165,158,616 |
Bangladesh has a population of 165,158,616 as per 2022 census.[11]
| Religion | Percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muslims | 91.04% | |||
| Hindus | 7.95% | |||
| Buddhism | 0.61% | |||
| Christians | 0.30% | |||
| Others | 0.12% | |||
According to the United Nations, there were 1,500,921 international migrants in Bangladesh in 2017. Estimation shows that over 1 million Rohingya Muslim refugees live in Bangladesh have arrived during the ongoingRohingya genocide in Myanmar.[47] On 28 September 2018, at the 73rd United Nations General Assembly, Bangladeshi Prime MinisterSheikh Hasina said there are 1.1-1.3 million Rohingya refugees now in Bangladesh.[48][49]
Their most common countries of origin were as follows:
 Myanmar(Rohingya refugees) | 1,300,000 |
 Malaysia | 208,406 |
 China | 166,646 |
 Afghanistan | 156,500 |
 Laos | 90,253 |
 United States | 47,103 |
 Nepal | 39,988 |
 India | 35,250 |
 United Kingdom | 34,266 |
 Bahrain | 30,877 |
 Vietnam | 28,176 |
 Norway | 20,109 |
| Source:United Nations[50] | |
The United Nations has estimated the Bangladesh diaspora as 4,499,919 people with the greatest migration to the following countries:
 Saudi Arabia | 1,377,072 |
 United Arab Emirates | 1,044,505 |
 Kuwait | 381,669 |
| Malaysia | 365,600 |
 Oman | 276,518 |
| Great Britain | 228,353 |
| United States | 279,021 |
 Qatar | 183,386 |
 Italy | 100,743 |
 Singapore | 83,279 |
| Bahrain | 80,457 |
 Canada | 65,698 |
 Australia | 48,888 |
 Maldives | 38,620 |
| Source:United Nations[50] | |
Manipuri language, Manipuri Meiteilon, also called Meitei (Meetei), a Tibeto-Burman language spoken predominantly in Manipur, a northeastern state of India. Smaller speech communities exist in the Indian states of Assam, Mizoram, and Tripura, as well as in Bangladesh and Myanmar (Burma).
Population By Religion (%) Muslim 90.39 Hindu 8.54 Buddhist 0.60 Christian 0.31 Others 0.14
This article incorporatespublic domain material fromThe World Factbook (2025 ed.).CIA. (Archived 2011 edition.) This is also viewable at"Bangladesh 2011". Retrieved16 September 2014. This article incorporatespublic domain material fromU.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets.United States Department of State.| Indo-Aryans | |||||||||||
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| Dravidian | |||||||||||
| Tibeto-Burman | |||||||||||
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