Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, also known asDemocratic Federative Yugoslavia (DF Yugoslavia orDFY), was a provisional state established duringWorld War II on 29 November 1943 through the Second Session of theAnti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ). TheNational Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia (NKOJ) was its original executive body. Throughout its existence it was governed by MarshalJosip Broz Tito as prime minister.
It was recognized by theAllies at theTehran Conference, along with the AVNOJ as itsdeliberative body. TheYugoslav government-in-exile of KingPeter II in London, partly due to pressure from theUnited Kingdom,[3] recognized the AVNOJ government with theTreaty of Vis, signed on 16 June 1944 between the prime minister of the government-in-exile,Ivan Šubašić, and Tito.[3] With the Treaty of Vis, the government-in-exile and the NKOJ agreed to merge into aprovisional government as soon as possible. The form of the new government was agreed upon in a secondTito–Šubašić agreement signed on 1 November 1944 in the recently liberated Yugoslav capital ofBelgrade. This Yugoslavia became one of the founding members of theUnited Nations upon the signing of theUN Charter in October 1945.
The state was formed to unite the Yugoslav resistance movement to theoccupation of Yugoslavia by theAxis powers. The agreement left the issue of whether the state would be a monarchy or a republic intentionally undecided until after the war had ended so the position of head of state was vacant. After the merger of the governments, the state was reformed as aone-partyFederal People's Republic of Yugoslavia with Josip Broz Tito asprime minister and Ivan Šubašić asminister of foreign affairs.
The Second Session of the AVNOJ, held inJajce in November 1943, opened with a declaration that read in part:
The AVNOJ then issued six decrees and the Presidium of the AVNOJ, which continued its functions when it was not in session, followed with four decisions. Together these comprised the constitution of the new state taking shape in Yugoslavia. On 30 November the Presidium gave Tito the rank of Marshal of Yugoslavia and appointed him president of the government (or acting prime minister) andMinister of National Defence. Three vice presidents and thirteen other ministers were appointed to the NKOJ.[4]
The name "Democratic Federative Yugoslavia" was officially adopted on 17 February 1944. On the same day they adopted the five-torchemblem of Yugoslavia.[5]
After the deposition of King Peter II, theFederal People's Republic of Yugoslavia was proclaimed on 29 November 1945.
Its legislature, after November 1944, was the Provisional Assembly.[6] The Tito-Šubašić agreement of 1944 declared that the state was a pluralistdemocracy that guaranteed: democratic liberties; personal freedom;freedom of speech,assembly, andreligion; and afree press.[7] However, by January 1945 Tito had shifted the emphasis of his government away from emphasis on pluralist democracy, claiming that though he accepted democracy, he claimed there was no "need" for multiple parties, as he claimed that multiple parties were unnecessarily divisive in the midst of Yugoslavia's war effort and that thePeople's Front represented all the Yugoslav people.[7] The People's Front coalition, headed by theCommunist Party of Yugoslavia and its general secretary MarshalJosip Broz Tito, was a major movement within the government. Other political movements that joined the government included the "Napred" movement represented byMilivoje Marković.[6]
Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was ruled by Temporary Government consisting mostly ofUnitary National Liberation Front members and small number of other political parties from former Kingdom of Yugoslavia. President of the Government wasJosip Broz Tito. Communists held 22 minister positions, including Finances, Internal Affairs, Justice, Transport and others.Ivan Šubašić, from Croatian Peasant Party and former ban ofCroatian Banovina, was minister of Foreign Affairs, whileMilan Grol, fromDemocratic Party, was Deputy Prime Minister. Many non-communist government members resigned due to disagreement with the new policy.[8]
Democratic Federal Yugoslavia consisted of sixfederal states and twoautonomous units:[9][10]
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