| Deiva Magan | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | A. C. Tirulokchander |
| Screenplay by | A. C. Tirulokchander |
| Based on | Ulka byNihar Ranjan Gupta |
| Produced by | Periyanna |
| Starring | Sivaji Ganesan Jayalalithaa |
| Cinematography | Thambu |
| Edited by | B. Kanthasamy |
| Music by | M. S. Viswanathan |
Production company | Shanthi Films |
Release date |
|
Running time | 188 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Tamil |
Deiva Magan (/ðɛɪvəməɡən/transl. Divine Son) is a 1969 IndianTamil-languagedrama film written and directed byA. C. Tirulokchander. An adaptation of theBengali novelUlka byNihar Ranjan Gupta, it starsSivaji Ganesan in three roles andJayalalithaa, withSundarrajan,M. N. Nambiar,Nagesh,V. Nagayya andPandari Bai in supporting roles. The film is about a scarred man who attempts to reconnect with his estranged family.
Following the 1957 filmUlka,Thayi Karulu (1962),Meri Surat Teri Ankhen (1963) andThayin Karunai (1965),Deiva Magan is the fifth film adaptation of the novel. Its screenplay was written to be largely different from those of the earlier films, most of which were poorly received. The film was produced by Periyanna of Shanthi Films, photographed by Thambu and edited by B. Kanthasamy, and the dialogues were written byAaroor Dass.
Deiva Magan was released on 5 September 1969; it received critical acclaim, primarily for Ganesan's performance, and was a commercial success, running for more than 100 days in theatres. It won theTamil Nadu State Film Awards forThird Best Film andBest Actor (Ganesan), and was the first South Indian film to besubmitted by India in contest for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
Shankar is a successful businessman who has aninferiority complex due to his scarred face. When his wife Parvathi gives birth to a son who is also scarred, Shankar asks the doctor Raju to kill the child to prevent him from experiencing the same pain Shankar has experienced throughout his life. Rather than kill the baby, Raju takes him to anashram, where he is raised by itsBaba and named Kannan. Shankar and Parvathi are oblivious to Kannan's existence.
Kannan receives little affection growing up at the ashram. Meanwhile, his younger brother Vijay is raised with much fondness and pampering. Vijay falls in love with a girl named Nirmala, who rejects him. Vijay's friend Ananth regularly extracts money to construct a hotel, which Vijay manages to get for him. When Baba is dying, he tells Kannan he is not an orphan and to meet Raju to learn more about his past. Nirmala is revealed to be Raju's daughter.
Kannan meets Raju, who is shocked to see his resemblance to Shankar. At first, Raju refuses to tell Kannan about his parents but consents after Kannan guarantees he will only see his parents without revealing his identity. Kannan enthusiastically goes to see his parents at night but Shankar shoots him, thinking he is a thief. Nirmala later reciprocates Vijay's love. Kannan has a chance meeting with Parvathi at a temple, but she does not recognise him.
Parvathi tells Shankar what happened at the temple; Shankar believes it must be his firstborn and meets Raju, who confirms it. Shankar meets Kannan; he offers Kannan a large amount of money so he can live prosperously but does not invite him to live with them. Kannan rejects the money, saying he is content to know his parents. Vijay comes and asks his father for money; Kannan, who is hiding in a cupboard, gestures Shankar to give the rejected money to Vijay.
In the meantime, Ananth wants more money from Vijay, so he kidnaps Vijay and demands a large ransom from Shankar. When Shankar is about to leave with the ransom money, Kannan asks to go instead. Shankar refuses so Kannan knocks him out and goes to the planned meeting disguised as Shankar. Kannan rescues Vijay and kills Ananth but is mortally wounded in the process. Shankar, Parvathi and the police arrive at the scene of the shooting. Kannan dies in the arms of his mother, who accepts him as her son.
TheBengali novelUlka byNihar Ranjan Gupta had been adapted for the screen four times; a 1957 Bengali film by the same name,[3] aKannada filmThayi Karulu (1962),[4] aHindi filmMeri Surat Teri Ankhen (1963), and a Tamil filmThayin Karunai (1965). Despite the poor commercial performances ofUlka,Meri Surat Teri Ankhen andThayin Karunai, directorA. C. Tirulokchander was interested in adapting the novel and wrote a screenplay that was largely different from those of the previous films.[3] The film was produced by Periyanna of Shanthi Films,[5] and the dialogues were written byAaroor Dass. The cinematographer was Thambu, the editor was B. Kanthasamy, and the art director was A. Balu.[6] The film's working title wasUyiroviyam before it was retitledDeiva Magan.[7]
Sivaji Ganesan portrayed three roles; Shankar and his twin sons Kannan and Vijay.[1] This was the second time Ganesan has portrayed three roles in one film; the first occasion wasBale Pandiya (1962).[8] For the characterisation of Kannan, he drew inspiration fromQuasimodo, the protagonist ofVictor Hugo's novelThe Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1831), making Kannan aggressive with "roughness and brute strength", while Vijay's body language was taken from that of filmmakerC. V. Sridhar.[5]
Periyanna initially wanted to make the film to be made in colour but it was filmed in black and white at Ganesan's suggestion.[5] The makeup for the scarred characters portrayed by Ganesan was done by R. Rangasamy and his son Jayanth Kumar.[9] Rangasamy gave Ganesan's characters different looks; Shankar's look is sophisticated while Kannan was given a slightly darker skin tone than Vijay's. The original idea was for Kannan to resemble Quasimodo in the1939 adaptation ofThe Hunchback of Notre Dame but Ganesan insisted the filmmakers reduce the character's unattractiveness after trying out prosthetics. He wanted viewers to sympathise with Kannan for his shortcomings without feeling repulsed by the character.[5] Kannan is asitar player but Ganesan did not know how to play the instrument; he pretended to play it instead.[10]
There were difficulties in filming the scene in which Kannan is hiding in a cupboard and gestures to Shankar to give a cheque to Vijay; the scene required Ganesan to change his look between takes because the camera could not be moved, meaning he had to stand in one spot, mouth his lines, quickly change his attire and makeup to play the second character, stand in the same place and act. To ease the process, he asked Tirulokchander to stand in for him. Kanthasamy told Tirulokchander this seven-minute-long scene needed trimming but after re-watching it several times, Tirulokchander refused because he could not find what to cut and liked the way Ganesan performed as the three characters.[5][7] The final cut of the film was initially 4,700.01 metres (15,420.0 ft); after five cuts by theCensor Board, it was brought down to 4,695.84 metres (15,406.3 ft).[11]
The soundtrack toDeiva Magan was composed byM. S. Viswanathan and the lyrics were written byKannadasan.[12] The song "Deivame Deivame Nandri Solven" is Ganesan's homage to politicianC. N. Annadurai, which is evident when it is played over a scene where Kannan screams "Anna".[5] Kannadasan wrote thepallavi for a song. Tirulokchander and the others liked it, so Kannadasan completed writing the song and had a meeting where they listened to it. When an office boy came to serve them coffee, Kannadasan asked him whether he liked the song. The boy said though the song sounded good, he did not understand the meaning. Immediately, Kannadasan told Viswanathan to compose a different tune so he could write different lyrics. Despite those present objecting, Kannadasan persisted, resulting in the creation of the song "Kettadhum Koduppavane Krishna".[13] The song, like many of Kannadasan's other songs, praises the Hindu godKrishna as "a simple god that responds to a poor man's prayer".[14] The songs "Kaadhal Malar Kootam" and "Kaathalikka Katrukollungal" also became popular.[15][16]
| No. | Title | Singers | Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Anbulla Nanbare" | T. M. Soundararajan | 4:02 |
| 2. | "Deivame Deivame Nandri Solven" | T. M. Soundararajan | 5:23 |
| 3. | "Kangal Pesuthamma" | Sirkazhi Govindarajan | 2:42 |
| 4. | "Kaadhal Malar Kootam" | T. M. Soundararajan | 3:58 |
| 5. | "Kaathalikka Katrukollungal" | T. M. Soundararajan,P. Susheela | 3:16 |
| 6. | "Kettadhum Koduppavane Krishna" | T. M. Soundararajan | 4:00 |
| 7. | "Kettadhum Koduppavane Krishna" (version 2) | T. M. Soundararajan | 3:52 |
| 8. | "Koottathileya Yarthan" | P. Susheela | 3:45 |
| Total length: | 30:58 | ||
Deiva Magan was released on 5 September 1969.[6] Despite being released just four weeks after another Ganesan film,Nirai Kudam, it was a critical and commercial success, running for over 100 days in theatres. The release of Ganesan's filmsThirudan andSivandha Mann in the following months also did not affectDeiva Magan's theatrical run.[5]
According to the Tamil magazineAnanda Vikatan, most films in which one actor portraying multiple roles often have problems like impersonation and identity confusion, but the lack of these problems inDeiva Magan was an achievement for the director. The reviewer praised Ganesan's triple-role performance, mainly that of Vijay, and also appreciatedJayalalithaa's performance but feltPandari Bai was under-used. The reviewer concluded the filmmakers had tried to build a hall with only one pillar and that pillar was Ganesan.[2]The Indian Express's reviewer praised Ganesan's performance as Shankar, along with the performances of Pandari Bai andNagesh, but said the latter had "little to do with the story". The reviewer praised the set designs, Thambu's cinematography, and Viswanathan's music, concluding that Tirulokchander "can relax for having directed a successful commercial melodramatic film".[17] After watching the film, C. V. Sridhar appreciated Ganesan's performance as Vijay, saying only he "could have done it so beautifully".[5]
At theTamil Nadu State Film Awards,Deiva Magan won theThird Best Film award and Ganesan won theBest Actor award.[18] The film was selected asIndia's official entry for theBest Foreign Language Film nomination for the42nd Academy Awards; it was the first South Indian film to be submitted by India in the Best International Feature Film category.[5][19]
Kamal Haasan has acknowledged various films as influences onMichael Madana Kama Rajan (1990), namelyDeiva Magan along withNadodi Mannan (1958) andYaadon Ki Baaraat (1973).[20]
