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Deirochelys

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Genus of turtles

Deirochelys Temporal range:Miocene -Recent

Chicken turtle(D. reticularia) basking
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Cryptodira
Superfamily:	Testudinoidea
Family:	Emydidae
Subfamily:	Deirochelyinae
Genus:	Deirochelys Agassiz, 1857
Type species
Deirochelys reticularia Latreille, 1801
Species^[1]
Deirochelys reticularia †Deirochelys carri
Synonyms^[2]
DirochelysBaur, 1890 (ex errore) DierochelysLöding, 1922 (ex errore)

Deirochelys is a genus of freshwaterturtle in the familyEmydidae, the pond and marsh turtles. It contains oneextant species, thechicken turtle (Deirochelys reticularia), which is native to thesoutheastern United States. A secondextinct member,Deirochelys carri, is known from a fossil found inAlachua County, Florida.^[3] The genus was first described byLouis Agassiz in 1857,^[4] and its name is derived from theAncient Greek words for "neck" (deirḗ) and "tortoise" (khélūs), referring to the particularly long necks of these turtles.^[5]

Evolution

[edit]

Like other emydids (members of the family Emydidae),Deirochelys'karyotype consists of 2N=50chromosomes.^[6] A 1996 study of various turtles'mitochondrial DNA supported the partition of Emydidae into two subfamilies,Emydinae andDeirochelyinae, withDeirochelys placed within the latter.Deirochelys was reported to be thesister genus to the rest of the subfamily, meaning it shares a common ancestor with the ancestor of all the other genera in Deirochelyinae.^[7] Alternative analysis by Stephens and Wiens found that under certain analysesDeirochelys could instead be described as a sister taxon to Emydinae or indeed to the family Emydidae itself. The authors attributed this confusion tolong-branch attraction and concluded thatDeirochelys did indeed sit within Deirochelyinae.^[8] Spinks et al. (2009) also foundDeirochelys to be a sister to Emydidae undermaximum parsimony.^[9]

It has been proposed thatDeirochelys and the painted turtlesChrysemys are among the mostancient emydids, having diverged from the rest of the emydids more than 24.4 million years ago. The genusDeirochelys itself is thought to have evolved before the end of theClarendonian, over 10.3 million years ago.^[10]

Bickham, et al. 1996

Deirochelys

	Graptemys

	Trachemys

Spinks, et al. 2009

Testudinoidea

Deirochelys

Emydidae

	Deirochelyinae

	Emydinae

Species

[edit]

There are two currently accepted species:

Deirochelys reticularia (chicken turtle)
Deirochelys carri

A possible third species,D. floridana, was described byOliver Perry Hay in 1908 from a fossil specimen. In 1964, C.G. Jackson determined the specimen to instead beD. reticularia, but in 1974 he reassigned it to the genusChrysemys. Jasinski (2018) reasserted that this turtle did indeed represent a separate species ofDeirochelys.^[10]

References

[edit]

^"Deirochelys".Mindat.org. Retrieved2022-05-12.
^Fritz, Uwe; Havaš, Peter (2007)."Checklist of Chelonians of the World"(PDF).Vertebrate Zoology.57 (2):179–180.doi:10.3897/vz.57.e30895. Retrieved2022-05-15.
^Jackson, Dale R. (1978)."Evolution and fossil record of the chicken turtleDeirochelys, with a re-evaluation of the genus".Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany.20. New Orleans, Louisiana: Tulane University: 43. Retrieved2022-05-15.
^Agassiz, Louis (1857).Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. 1. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown and Company.doi:10.5962/bhl.title.12644. Retrieved2022-05-15.
^"Taxonomy chapter for Turtle, eastern chicken (030064)".BOVA booklet. Virginia Fish and Wildlife Information Service. Retrieved2022-04-24.
^Killebrew, Flavius C. (1977)."Mitotic chromosomes of turtles. IV. The Emydidae".Texas Journal of Science.29 (3/4). Texas Academy of Science:245–254. Retrieved2022-04-25.
^Bickham, John W.; Lamb, Trip; Minx, Patrick; Patton, John C. (1996). "Molecular systematics of the genusClemmys and the intergeneric relationships of emydid turtles".Herpetologica.52 (1):89–97.JSTOR 3892960.
^Stephens, Patrick R.; Wiens, John J. (2003)."Ecological diversification and phylogeny of emydid turtles".Biological Journal of the Linnean Society.79 (4):577–610.doi:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00211.x.
^Spinks, Phillip Q.; Thomson, Robert C.; Lovely, Geoff A.; Shaffer, H. Bradley (2009)."Assessing what is needed to resolve a molecular phylogeny: simulations and empirical data from emydid turtles"(PDF).BMC Evolutionary Biology.9 (1): 56.Bibcode:2009BMCEE...9...56S.doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-56.PMC 2660309.PMID 19284630.
^^a ^bJasinski, Stephen E. (2018)."A new slider turtle (Testudines: Emydidae: Deirochelyinae:Trachemys) from the late Hemphillian (late Miocene/early Pliocene) of eastern Tennessee and the evolution of the deirochelyines".PeerJ.6: e4338.doi:10.7717/peerj.4338.PMC 5815335.PMID 29456887.

Emydidae family

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Order:Testudines
Suborder:Cryptodira
Superfamily:Testudinoidea
Family:Emydidae

Genera

Species of theEmydidae family

Northern red-bellied cooter(Pseudemys rubriventris)

Chrysemys

Painted turtle

Clemmys

Spotted turtle

Deirochelys

Chicken turtle

Actinemys

Emys

Emydoidea

Blanding's turtle

Glyptemys

Graptemys

Malaclemys

Diamondback terrapin

Pseudemys

Terrapene

Trachemys

†Wilburemys

†Wilburemys yakimensis

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onturtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. Key: †=extinct.

Testudines

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Clade:Diapsida
Order:Testudines

Genus

Chelonioidea
(Sea turtles)

Cheloniidae	†Allopleuron Caretta †Carolinochelys Chelonia †Eochelone Eretmochelys †Gigantatypus †Glarichelys †Itilochelys Lepidochelys †Mexichelys †Miocaretta Natator †Pacifichelys †Syllomus †Tasbacka
Dermochelyidae	†Arabemys †Corsochelys †Cosmochelys Dermochelys †Eosphargis †Mesodermochelys †Psephophorus
	†Euclastes †Peritresius †Procolpochelys †Protosphargis †Puppigerus

Kinosternoidea

Dermatemydidae	Dermatemys
Kinosternidae	Claudius †Hoplochelys Kinosternon Staurotypus Sternotherus

Testudinoidea

Emydidae	†Acherontemys Chrysemys Clemmys Deirochelys Emys Actinemys Emydoidea Glyptemys Graptemys Malaclemys Pseudemys Terrapene Trachemys †Wilburemys
Geoemydidae	Batagur †Banhxeochelys Cuora Cyclemys Geoclemys Geoemyda Hardella Heosemys Leucocephalon Malayemys Mauremys Melanochelys Morenia Notochelys Orlitia Pangshura Rhinoclemmys Sacalia Siebenrockiella Vijayachelys
Platysternidae	Platysternon
Testudinidae	Aldabrachelys Astrochelys Centrochelys Chelonoidis Chersina Cylindraspis †Cymatholcus †Floridemys Geochelone Gopherus †Hadrianus †Hesperotestudo Homopus Indotestudo Kinixys Malacochersus Manouria †Megalochelys †Oligopherus Psammobates Pyxis †Solitudo Stigmochelys †Stylemys Testudo

Trionychia

Carettochelyidae	†Allaeochelys †Anosteira Carettochelys
Trionychidae	Amyda Apalone †Axestemys Chitra Cyclanorbis Cycloderma †Drazinderetes Dogania †Gilmoremys †Hutchemys †Khunnuchelys Lissemys Nilssonia Palea †Palaeoamyda Pelochelys Pelodiscus Rafetus Trionyx
	†Basilochelys †Sinaspideretes

Chelydridae	Chelydra †Chelydrops †Chelydropsis †Emarginachelys †Macrocephalochelys Macrochelys †Planiplastron †Protochelydra
†Nanhsiungchelyidae	†Anomalochelys †Basilemys †Jiangxichelys
†Protostegidae	†Alienochelys †Archelon †Atlantochelys †Bouliachelys †Calcarichelys †Cratochelone †Desmatochelys †Iserosaurus †Notochelone †Ocepechelon †Pneumatoarthrus †Protostega †Rhinochelys †Santanachelys †Terlinguachelys
	†Adocus †Argillochelys †Bashuchelys †Ctenochelys †Prionochelys †Toxochelys

Pleurodira

†Araripemydidae	†Araripemys
†Bothremydidae	†Araiochelys †Arenila †Azabbaremys †Bothremys †Cearachelys †Chedighaii †Chupacabrachelys †Eotaphrosphys †Foxemys †Galianemys †Ilatardia †Inaechelys †Itapecuruemys †Jainemys †Kinkonychelys †Kurmademys †Labrostochelys †Nigeremys †Phosphatochelys †Polysternon †Puentemys †Rosasia †Rhothonemys †Sankuchemys †Taphrosphys †Ummulisani †Zolhafah
Chelidae	Acanthochelys Chelodina Chelus Elseya Elusor Emydura Hydromedusa †Lomalatachelys Mesoclemmys Myuchelys Phrynops Platemys †Prochelidella Pseudemydura Rheodytes Rhinemys †Yaminuechelys
Pelomedusidae	Pelomedusa Pelusios
Podocnemididae	†Albertwoodemys †Bauruemys †Brontochelys †Caninemys †Carbonemys †Cerrejonemys †Cordichelys Erymnochelys †Lapparentemys †Latentemys Peltocephalus Podocnemis †Stupendemys
†Sahonachelyidae	†Sahonachelys †Sokatra

	†Caribemys †Caririemys †Tacuarembemys

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onTurtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. † = extinct.

See alsoList of Testudines families

Taxon identifiers
Deirochelys	Wikidata:Q14566118 Wikispecies:Deirochelys BOLD:486793 CoL:42KF EoL:18033 GBIF:2443153 iNaturalist:39761 IRMNG:1195173 ITIS:173785 NCBI:158818 Open Tree of Life:848783 Paleobiology Database:96479 WoRMS:1358288

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