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In classicallogic, propositions are typically unambiguously considered as being true or false. For instance, the propositionone is both equal and not equal to itself is regarded as simply false, being contrary to theLaw of Noncontradiction; while the propositionone is equal to one is regarded as simply true, by theLaw of Identity. However, some mathematicians, computer scientists, and philosophers have been attracted to the idea that a proposition might bemore or less true, rather than wholly true or wholly false. ConsiderMy coffee is hot.
Inmathematics, this idea can be developed in terms offuzzy logic. Incomputer science, it has found application inartificial intelligence. Inphilosophy, the idea has proved particularly appealing in the case ofvagueness. Degrees of truth is an important concept in law.
The term is an older concept thanconditional probability. Instead of determining the objective probability, only a subjective assessment is defined.[1][page needed] Especially for novices in the field, the chance for confusion is high. They are highly likely to confound the concept of probability with the concept of degree of truth.[2][failed verification] To overcome the misconception, it makes sense to see probability theory as the preferred paradigm to handle uncertainty.
Inadjudicative processes, 'substantive truth' is distinct from 'formal legal truth' which comes in four degrees:hearsay,balance of probabilities, proven beyondreasonable doubt andabsolute truth (knowledge reserved untoGod).[3]
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