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Defenders of the Homeland
郷土防衛義勇軍 (Tentara Sukarela) Pembela Tanah Air
Colour used by PETA battalions
Active	3 October 1943 – 15 August 1945
Country	Dutch East Indies andBritish Malaya[1]
Allegiance	Imperial Japanese Army
Type	Infantry
Role	Defending the Japanese-occupiedDutch East Indies andBritish Malaya fromAllied invasion
Size	66 Battalions in Java, 3 Battalions in Bali,c. 20,000 men in Sumatra,c. 2,000 men in Malaya
Nickname	PETA
Colours	Purple, Green, Red, & White
March	"Mars Tentara Pembela"Playⓘ
Engagements	1945 PETA revolt in Blitar

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TheDefenders of the Homeland (Japanese:郷土防衛義勇軍,romanized: Kyōdo Bōei Giyūgun;Indonesian:(Tentara Sukarela) Pembela Tanah Air,PETA) was avolunteer army established on 3 October 1943 in theDutch East Indies (present-dayIndonesia) by theoccupying Japanese. The Japanese intended PETA to assist their forces in opposing a possible invasion by theAllies. By theend of World War II, there were a total of 69 battalions (daidan) inJava,Madura, andBali (around 37,000 men) andSumatra (approximately 20,000 men). On 17 August 1945, the day after theProclamation of Indonesian Independence, the Japanese ordered the PETAdaidan to surrender and hand over their weapons, which most of them did. Indonesia's inaugural President,Sukarno, supported the dissolution rather than turning the organisation into a national army as he feared allegations of collaboration had he allowed a Japanese-created militia to continue to exist.^[2][3][4]

During theIndonesian War of Independence, former PETA officers and troops, such asSuharto andSudirman, formed the core of the fledglingIndonesian National Armed Forces.

By April 1944, a Malayan Defenders of the Homeland Association (Ikatan Pembela Tanah Ayer Malaya),^[1] formally theMalayan Volunteer Army (Japanese:マライ義勇軍,romanized: Marai Giyūgun), was stationed inJohor Bahru inJapanese-occupied Malaya. It was staffed by some 2,000Malays andIndians and modeled on the organization of the Indonesian PETA, intending to create a local pro-Japanese reserve force for the defense ofMalaya andSingapore. It was reinforced by the part-timeMalayan Volunteer Corps (Japanese:マライ義勇隊,romanized: Marai Giyūtai) and recruitment of localHeiho started in January 1945.^[5]

The commander of the Malayan PETA wasIbrahim Yaacob,^[5] who had been the founder and leader of the pro-independenceYoung Malays Union, which the Japanese had shut down over its ties to theCommunist Party of Malaya (CPM) andMalayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army.^[1] In his post-war autobiography, Yaacob claimed to have secretly continued communications with the CPM during the Japanese occupation.

After thesurrender of Japan on 15 August 1945, the Malayan Volunteer Army began marching towardsKuala Lumpur before disbanding in northernJohor.^[5]

• Collaboration with Imperial Japan
• Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
• 1945 PETA revolt in Blitar
• Pembela Tanah Air Museum

• Bachtiar, Harsja W. (1988),Siapa Dia?: Perwira Tinggi Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat (Who is S/He?: Senior Officers of the Indonesian Army), Penerbit Djambatan, Jakarta,ISBN 979-428-100-X
• Sunhaussen, Ulf (1982)The Road to Power: Indonesian Military Politics 1945-1967 Oxford University Press,ISBN 0-19-582521-7
• Ricklefs, M.C. (1981)A History of Modern Indonesia, c. 1300 to the present. MacMillan,ISBN 0-333-24380-3

• Indonesian collaborators with Imperial Japan
• Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
• Malayan collaborators with Imperial Japan
• Pembela Tanah Air

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