Dedumose II
Dudimose, Tutimaios
Stele CG 20533 of Djedneferre Dedumose II from Gebelein.[1]
Pharaoh
Reign	some time between 1588 BC and 1582 BC (Ryholt)
Predecessor	Dedumose I?
Successor	Djedankhre Montemsaf?
Royal titulary Praenomen Djedneferre Ḏd-nfr-Rˁ Enduring and perfect isRa Nomen Dedumose Dd-msw [A god] has fashioned/given him Turin canon: Uncertain, column 7 line 13
Father	Dedumose I?
Dynasty	16th Dynasty (Ryholt, Baker) or13th Dynasty (von Beckerath, Schneider, Franke)

Djedneferre Dedumose II was a nativeancient Egyptian pharaoh during theSecond Intermediate Period. According to egyptologistsKim Ryholt and Darrell Baker, he was a ruler of theTheban16th Dynasty.^[2][3] Alternatively,Jürgen von Beckerath,Thomas Schneider andDetlef Franke see him as a king of the13th Dynasty.^[4][5][6][7]

Williams and others place Dedumose as the last king of Egypt's 13th Dynasty. Precise dates for Dedumose are unknown, but according to the commonly accepted Egyptian chronology his reign probably ended around 1690 BC.^[8]

Djedneferre Dedumose II is known from a stela originally fromGebelein which is now in theCairo Museum (CG 20533).^[10] On the stela Dedumose claims to have been raised for kingship, which may indicate he is a son ofDedumose I, although the statement may also merely be a form ofpropaganda. The martial tone of the stela probably reflects the constant state of war of the final years of the 16th Dynasty, when theHyksos invaded its territory:^[11]

The good god, beloved ofThebes; The one chosen byHorus, who increases his [army], who has appeared like the lightning of the sun, who is acclaimed to the kingship of both lands; The one who belongs to shouting.

Ludwig Morenz believes that the above excerpt of the stele, in particular "who is acclaimed to the kingship", may confirm the controversial idea ofEduard Meyer that certain pharaohs were elected to office.^[11]

Dedumose is usually linked toTimaios^[12][13] mentioned by the historianJosephus – who was quotingManetho – as a king during whose reign an army of Asiatic foreigners subdued the country without a fight.^[14]

The introductory phrase in Josephus' quotation of Manethoτου Τιμαιος ονομα appears somewhat ungrammatical and following A. von Gutschmid, the Greek wordsτου Τιμαιος ([genitive definite article]Timaios [nominative]) is often combined into the proposed nameΤουτιμαιος (Tutimaios) based on the tenuous argument of von Gutschmid that this sounded likeTutmes i.e.Thutmose. This has influenced the transliteration of the name Dedumose asDudimose in order to reinforce the resemblance but this transliteration is not justified by the hieroglyphic spelling of the name. Nevertheless Dedumose did rule either as a Pharaoh of the 13th dynasty which preceded the Hyksos or as part of the 16th dynasty contemporaneous with the early Hyksos and the actual formTimaios in the manuscript of Josephus still plausibly represents his name. Whiston's translation of Josephus understands the phrase to mean “[There was a king] of ours (του), whose name was Timaios (Τιμαιος ονομα)." A. Bülow-Jacobsen has suggested however that the phrase in Josephus may have been derived via a series of (unattested) scribal errors fromτου πραγματος ("of the matter") and thatονομα ("this is a name", typically left out of translations) is a later gloss whence the original text of Josephus did not contain the name of a Pharaoh at all.^[2][15][16]

There have beenrevisionistic attempts by the historianImmanuel Velikovsky andEgyptologistDavid Rohl to identify Dedumose II as thePharaoh of the Exodus, much earlier than the mainstream candidates.^[17] Rohl, in particular, attempted tochange views on Egyptian history byshortening theThird Intermediate Period of Egypt by almost 300 years. As a by-result the synchronisms with the biblical narrative have changed, making Dedumose the pharaoh ofthe Exodus.^[18] Rohl's theory, however, has failed to find support among most scholars in his field.^[19]

Between the 18th and 19th century,Francis Wilford claimed that Josephus' account is reportedly mentioned on an Indian text concerning an Egyptian tale, in which the Pharaoh's name appears asTamovatsa.^[20]

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