Dedham is frequently rated as containing some of England's most beautiful Lowland landscape, most particularly thewater meadows of theRiver Stour, which passes along the northern boundary of the village forming the boundary betweenEssex andSuffolk. Dedham has a central nuclear settlement around the Church and the junction of Mill Lane and the High Street (part of theB1029). Connected to Dedham are the hamlets ofThe Heath andLamb Corner. The village forms a key part of theDedham Vale.
Early documents record the name as Diddsham, presumably for a family known as Did or Didd.[3] For centuries, the parish of Dedham was in theHundred ofLexden.
In 1582–1587, a schismaticPresbyterian Christian group called theDedham Classis, which included dozens of members opposed to the established church, was active in north-east Essex.[4] This group held clandestine meetings and prayer groups in and aroundColchester and surrounding villages like Dedham, publishing and distributing versions ofWycliffe's Bible and various otherCalvinist texts obtained from London; the Dedham Classis is the best recorded of those active in the sixteenth century.[5]
A group of early dissenters left Dedham to found the township ofDedham in theMassachusetts Bay Colony in 1635. Under the leadership ofJohn Rogers, a preacher banned from his work in England, they established a settlement on the western edge of the colony first established in 1628, now a suburb of the city of Boston. Despite some early setbacks this township eventually proved very successful and a number of prominent US families can trace their ancestry from these early arrivals from East Anglia – see note below onWilliam Tecumseh Sherman.
Dedham is at the heart of 'Constable Country' – the area of England where Constable lived and painted. Constable attended the town's Grammar School (now the 'Old Grammar School' and 'Well House'), and he would walk to school each morning alongside theRiver Stour from his family's home inEast Bergholt. Many of Constable's paintings feature Dedham, including Dedham Mill, which his father owned, and Dedham Parish Church, whose massive Caen stone and flint tower is a focal point of the surrounding Dedham Vale.
Of longer influence in Dedham was the horse painterSir Alfred Munnings, who became President of theRoyal Academy. His house in Dedham,Castle House, now contains a gallery of his work, and his studio.
Granary Barn and Museum, Flatford, Suffolk
Tom Keating, the art restorer and famous art forger, was a Dedham resident until his death in 1984. He is buried in the churchyard of St Mary's Church.[6] Keating's best known painting, a Constable pastiche calledThe Haywain in Reverse, is reportedly on display in the Granary Barn and Museum inFlatford.[7] The sign over the local Sun Inn, depicting Greek sun godHelios in his chariot, was also painted by Keating.[8]
Dedham contains a number of well-preserved buildings:
Dedham Parish Church –St. Mary the Virgin, Dedham;[6] the present building dates from the late 15th century, and was the last medieval 'wool church' to be completed, albeit in a more economical style than was originally intended.The Ascension by John Constable is on permanent display in the church.[9] A viewing platform on top of the tower (open to the public from Easter to Harvest) gives excellent views of the lower part of the Stour valley. The tower is 118 feet (36 m) high to the top of the pinnacles.[10]
Sherman's Hall, a Grade I listed, Georgian-fronted townhouse used as a school until 1873 and now belonging to the National Trust.[11]
TheOld Grammar School, founded byElizabeth I. The present building dates from 1732 and was attended byJohn Constable. It is now private residences.[11]
The Sun Inn, a medieval building that retains its coaching arch.[11]
A Congregational church built in 1739 is now theDedham Art and Craft Centre.[11]
Southfields, Grade I listed, is the most splendid of the many medieval buildings in the village. Formerly a factory used when Dedham was a wealthy wool town it is now a series of cottages.
Castle House, the home ofSir Alfred Munnings and now the Sir Alfred Munnings Art Museum.[12]
Assembly Rooms,[13] The external appearance of the building suggests it is a Victorian building in the classical style, but research carried out as part of two years of refurbishment works completed 1999 has confirmed that the structure is much older, dating from c.1745. Although it was known as the 'Hewitt Memorial Hall' from 1917 to 1997 (in memory of the brother of a local benefactor, William Wilkins Hewitt), it has since reverted to its earlier name.
Architectural historianNikolaus Pevsner wrote in 1954 “There is nothing at Dedham to hurt the eye” and in 1938 the Dedham Vale Society was founded with local architectRaymond Erith as its founding Chairman.[14]
Formerly a rich wool town and market town, Dedham is a flourishing commercial village, with a post office, butcher,Co-op, grocer, delicatessen, cafe, tea rooms, art shop and various other shops.[11] Agriculture is also important with mainly arable land (sugar beet and wheat) but also cattle grazing on the water meadows and some sheep on Grove Hill. There is anindustrial estate near theA12 road, a main route passing the west of the village. A business centre and nursing home have recently opened.
Tennis Club – Dedham has a tennis club with three all-weather courts and a club house[16]
Cricket Club – Dedham's cricket club is on the Duchy Field directly south of the church. It has its own pavilion.[17]
Football Club – Dedham Old Boys Football Club, founded in 1877, plays its home matches on the Recreation Field to the south of the church.
Dedham Junior Football Club is a Charter Standard club
Dedham has an atypically large number of restaurants and hotels for an English village.[18] TheMaison Talbooth which is an historic house provides both accommodation and restaurant services
Dedham Primary School - an Ofsted-rated "Outstanding" primary school located in Parsons Field, 5 minutes walk from the village centre, offering single form entry, from Reception class to Year 6.
Manningtree can easily be accessed by bicycle or by walking along the banks of the River Stour.Manningtree railway station provides regular, fast commuter services to London and Norwich.Colchester can be reached by bus, with the no. 81 looping through the village and serving Langham, Myland and Colchester North Station (mainline station) on its way to Colchester city centre. School buses service all the schools in Colchester and the independent schools inIpswich.
John Bond (1932–2012), footballer and later manager.[19]
William Burkitt (1650–1703), author ofA Poor Man's Help and Young Man's Guide (1694),andExpository Notes on the New Testament (1700–03), which was in print for more than 150 years, was Vicar and Lecturer of Dedham from 1692 to 1703.
Birthplace ofWilliam Haggar (1851–1925), whose pioneering work with film at the start of the twentieth century made him one of Britain's foremost directors.[20]
Matthew Newcomen (c.1610–1669), a co-author ofSmectymnuus (1641), who preached before parliament in 1643, was Vicar and Lecturer of Dedham from 1636 to 1662.
Osborne Reynolds (1842–1912), engineer and physicist, who developed the understanding of electricity, magnetism, and fluid flow (part of the equation for determining the change between 'streamline' and 'turbulent' flow is still called a 'Reynold's Number'), was the son of a headmaster of Dedham Grammar School.
Rear AdmiralErnest Roberts (1878–1933),rugby union international who represented England from 1901 to 1907.
John Rogers (c.1570–1636), sometimes referred to as "Roaring" Rogers, who was the most famous preacher of his age, was Vicar and Lecturer of Dedham from 1605 to 1636.
^Flannery, Julian (2016).Fifty English Steeples: The Finest Medieval Parish Church Towers and Spires in England. London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 420–427.ISBN978-0-500-34314-2.OCLC965636725.
^abcdeJarvis, Joanne (November 2008)."Dedham delight".Essex Life. Archant. pp. 80–81. Retrieved24 January 2009. (Registration required)
