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Inelectronics,decoupling is the prevention of undesiredelectrical energy transfer (coupling) between subsystems.
A common example is connecting localizeddecoupling capacitors close to the power leads ofintegrated circuits to suppress coupling via thepower supply connections. These act as a small localized energy reservoir that supply the circuit with current duringtransient, high current demand periods, preventing the voltage on the power supply rail from being pulled down by the momentary current load. Another common example of the use ofdecoupling capacitors is across the emitterbias resistor of transistorcommon emitter amplifiers to prevent the resistor absorbing a portion of theAC output power of the amplifier.
Lossyferrite beads may also be used to isolate or 'island' sections of circuitry. These add a high series impedance (in contrast to the low parallel impedance added by decoupling capacitors) to the power supply rails, preventing high-frequency currents being drawn from elsewhere in the system.
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