| Penumbral eclipse | |||||||||
 The Moon's hourly motion shown right to left | |||||||||
| Date | December 20, 2048 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gamma | −1.0624 | ||||||||
| Magnitude | −0.1420 | ||||||||
| Saros cycle | 145 (13 of 71) | ||||||||
| Penumbral | 281 minutes, 36 seconds | ||||||||
| |||||||||
A penumbrallunar eclipse will occur at the Moon’sdescending node of orbit on Sunday, December 20, 2048,[1] with an umbralmagnitude of −0.1420. A lunar eclipse occurs when theMoon moves into theEarth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike asolar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on thenight side of Earth. Occurring only about 13 hours beforeapogee (on December 20, 2048, at 19:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be smaller.[2]
The eclipse will be completely visible overNorth America and much ofSouth America, seen rising overnortheast Asia and the westernPacific Ocean and setting overwest andcentral Africa andEurope.[3]
 |
Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[4]
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Penumbral Magnitude | 0.96321 |
| Umbral Magnitude | −0.14202 |
| Gamma | −1.06244 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 17h55m49.3s |
| Sun Declination | -23°25'43.8" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 16'15.4" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.9" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 05h55m26.5s |
| Moon Declination | +22°28'37.2" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 14'42.6" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°53'59.0" |
| ΔT | 84.4 s |
This eclipse is part of aneclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by afortnight.
| December 5 Ascending node (new moon) | December 20 Descending node (full moon) |
|---|---|
 | |
| Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 133 | Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 145 |
This eclipse is a member of asemester series. An eclipse in a semester series of lunar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternatingnodes of the Moon's orbit.[5]
The penumbral lunar eclipses onMay 17, 2049 andNovember 9, 2049 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Lunar eclipse series sets from 2046 to 2049 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descending node | Ascending node | |||||||
| Saros | Date Viewing | Type Chart | Gamma | Saros | Date Viewing | Type Chart | Gamma | |
| 115 | 2046 Jan 22 | Partial | 0.9885 | 120 | 2046 Jul 18 | Partial | −0.8691 | |
| 125 | 2047 Jan 12 | Total | 0.3317 | 130 | 2047 Jul 07 | Total | −0.0636 | |
| 135 | 2048 Jan 01 | Total | −0.3745 | 140 | 2048 Jun 26 | Partial | 0.6796 | |
| 145 | 2048 Dec 20 | Penumbral | −1.0624 | 150 | 2049 Jun 15 | Penumbral | 1.4068 | |
TheMetonic cycle repeats nearly exactly every 19 years and represents aSaros cycle plus one lunar year. Because it occurs on the same calendar date, the Earth's shadow will be in nearly the same location relative to the background stars.
| Ascending node | Descending node |
|---|---|
|
|
 |  |
This eclipse is a part ofSaros series 145, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a penumbral lunar eclipse on August 11, 1832. It contains partial eclipses from February 24, 2157 through June 3, 2319; total eclipses from June 14, 2337 through November 13, 2589; and a second set of partial eclipses from November 25, 2607 through June 21, 2950. The series ends at member 71 as a penumbral eclipse on September 16, 3094.
The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 34 at 104 minutes, 21 seconds on August 7, 2427. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’sdescending node of orbit.[6]
| Greatest | First | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The greatest eclipse of the series will occur on2427 Aug 07, lasting 104 minutes, 21 seconds.[7] | Penumbral | Partial | Total | Central |
| 1832 Aug 11 | 2157 Feb 24 | 2337 Jun 14 | 2373 Jul 05 | |
| Last | ||||
| Central | Total | Partial | Penumbral | |
| 2499 Sep 19 | 2589 Nov 13 | 2950 Jun 21 | 3094 Sep 16 | |
Eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is oneexeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
| Series members 1–21 occur between 1832 and 2200: | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | |||
| 1832 Aug 11 | 1850 Aug 22 | 1868 Sep 02 | |||
| 4 | 5 | 6 | |||
| 1886 Sep 13 | 1904 Sep 24 | 1922 Oct 06 | |||
 |  |  |  | ||
| 7 | 8 | 9 | |||
| 1940 Oct 16 | 1958 Oct 27 | 1976 Nov 06 | |||
 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 10 | 11 | 12 | |||
| 1994 Nov 18 | 2012 Nov 28 | 2030 Dec 09 | |||
 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 13 | 14 | 15 | |||
| 2048 Dec 20 | 2066 Dec 31 | 2085 Jan 10 | |||
| | ||||
| 16 | 17 | 18 | |||
| 2103 Jan 23 | 2121 Feb 02 | 2139 Feb 13 | |||
| 19 | 20 | 21 | |||
| 2157 Feb 24 | 2175 Mar 07 | 2193 Mar 17 | |||
This eclipse is a part of atritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with theanomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1808 Nov 03 (Saros 123) | 1819 Oct 03 (Saros 124) | 1830 Sep 02 (Saros 125) | 1841 Aug 02 (Saros 126) | 1852 Jul 01 (Saros 127) | |||||
| 1863 Jun 01 (Saros 128) | 1874 May 01 (Saros 129) | 1885 Mar 30 (Saros 130) | 1896 Feb 28 (Saros 131) | 1907 Jan 29 (Saros 132) | |||||
 |  | ||||||||
| 1917 Dec 28 (Saros 133) | 1928 Nov 27 (Saros 134) | 1939 Oct 28 (Saros 135) | 1950 Sep 26 (Saros 136) | 1961 Aug 26 (Saros 137) | |||||
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1972 Jul 26 (Saros 138) | 1983 Jun 25 (Saros 139) | 1994 May 25 (Saros 140) | 2005 Apr 24 (Saros 141) | 2016 Mar 23 (Saros 142) | |||||
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2027 Feb 20 (Saros 143) | 2038 Jan 21 (Saros 144) | 2048 Dec 20 (Saros 145) | 2059 Nov 19 (Saros 146) | 2070 Oct 19 (Saros 147) | |||||
 |  |  |  | | |  |  |  |  |
| 2081 Sep 18 (Saros 148) | 2092 Aug 17 (Saros 149) | 2103 Jul 19 (Saros 150) | 2114 Jun 18 (Saros 151) | 2125 May 17 (Saros 152) | |||||
| 2136 Apr 16 (Saros 153) | 2169 Jan 13 (Saros 156) | ||||||||
| 2190 Nov 12 (Saros 158) | |||||||||
This eclipse is a part of the long periodinex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with theanomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1817 May 30 (Saros 137) | 1846 May 11 (Saros 138) | 1875 Apr 20 (Saros 139) | |||
| 1904 Mar 31 (Saros 140) | 1933 Mar 12 (Saros 141) | 1962 Feb 19 (Saros 142) | |||
 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1991 Jan 30 (Saros 143) | 2020 Jan 10 (Saros 144) | 2048 Dec 20 (Saros 145) | |||
 |  |  |  | | |
| 2077 Nov 29 (Saros 146) | 2106 Nov 11 (Saros 147) | 2135 Oct 22 (Saros 148) | |||
| 2164 Sep 30 (Saros 149) | 2193 Sep 11 (Saros 150) | ||||
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (ahalf saros).[8] This lunar eclipse is related to two total solar eclipses ofSolar Saros 152.
| December 15, 2039 | December 26, 2057 |
|---|---|
 |  |
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