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Darmiya language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India
Darma
Darmiya
Native toIndia
RegionUttarakhand
Native speakers
1,750 (2006)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3drd
Glottologdarm1243
ELPDarma

Darmiya orDarma is aSino-Tibetan language spoken in theDarma Valley,Dharchula Tehsil,Pithoragarh District of the Indian state ofUttarakhand. It is one of the fifteen tribes, as stated inThe Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Uttar Pradesh Order, 1967 (C.O. 78) in clause (1) of Article 342 of theConstitution of India. Majorly it is called Bhotia; Bhotia is the broad term used in Himalayan region: several communities and languages are considered under this term. This tribal language is the member of west Tibeto-Burman language family in the Himalayan region of Uttarakhand. It is related toRangas,Rongpo,Chaudangsi, andByangsi.[1] Alternate names for this language include Darma, Darma Lwo, Darma-Lwo, Darmani, Saukas, and Shaukas.[1]

Information about the language was first published in Grierson'sLinguistic Survey of India, and it has been studied by Krishnamurti, Cristina Wills, K. Srikumar, Kavita Rastogi, Ashish Kumar Pandey and Vishnu Singh.

Darmiya language has 34 phonemes in which 8 vowels and 28 consonants have occurred, there are five long vowels and three short vowels.

Geographical distribution

[edit]

Darmiya is spoken in the Dhauli valley, fromTawaghat near Dharchula south to Sipoo in the north along Dhauli river. This area is located inDharchula andMunsiyari tehsils,Pithoragarh district,Uttarakhand, India.[1] Darmiya is spoken in Dar, Bongling, Selachal, Nanglin, Baling, Dugtu, Saung, Baun, Philam, Datu, Gwo, Marchha, Dhakar, Sobla, and Sipoo villages.[1]

Phonology

[edit]

The Darmiya language contains the following consonant phonemes:[2]

Consonants
BilabialDentalAlveolarPost-
alveolar
PalatalRetroflexVelar
Nasalmɲɳŋ
Stopvoicelessunaspiratedpt͡st͡ʃʈk
aspiratedt̪ʰt͡ʃʰʈʰ
voicedunaspiratedbɟɖg
aspiratedɖʰ
Fricativesʝx
Approximantlj
Rhoticrɽ

The language contains the following vowels:[2]

Vowels
FrontCentralBack
Closeiu
Close-Mideɘo
Open-midɛɔ
Openɑ

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdeDarma atEthnologue (25th ed., 2022)Closed access icon
  2. ^abRamaswami, N (2014). Moran, Steven; McCloy, Daniel; Wright, Richard (eds.)."Darmiya sound inventory (RA)".phoible.org. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Retrieved2017-02-10.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Willis, Christina Marie (2007).A descriptive grammar of Darma: an endangered Tibeto-Burman language (PhD dissertation). Austin: University of Texas.hdl:2152/15858.
Sino-Tibetan branches
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