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Dali Prefecture 大理州 ·Darl•lit Zox | |
|---|---|
| 大理白族自治州 Darl•lit Baif•cuf zirl•zirl•zox Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture | |
 Location of Dali Prefecture in Yunnan | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Yunnan |
| Admin HQ | Dali |
| Government | |
| • Type | Autonomous prefecture |
| • CCP Secretary | Yang Guozong |
| • Congress Chairman | Zhang Jianping |
| • Governor | Yang Guozong |
| • CPPCC Chairman | Zhu Jianbin |
| Area | |
• Total | 29,459 km2 (11,374 sq mi) |
| Population (2010)[1] | |
• Total | 3,456,000 |
| • Density | 117.3/km2 (303.8/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Total | CN¥ 170 billion US$ 25.1 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 51,302 US$ 7,567 |
| Postal code | 671000 |
| Area code | 0872 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-YN-29 |
| License Plate Prefix | 云L |
| Website | http://www.dali.gov.cn/ |
Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese:大理白族自治州;pinyin:Dàlǐ Báizú Zìzhìzhōu;Bai:Darl•lit Baif•cuf zirl•zirl•zox) is anautonomous prefecture of northwesternYunnan Province, People's Republic of China. betweenlongitudes 98°52′ to 101°03′ east andlatitudes 24°41′ to 26°42′ north, it has asubtropical plateaumonsoon climate with distinct dry and wet seasons. Most areas do not experience extreme heat in summer or severe cold in winter, covering a total area of 29,459 square kilometers. By the end of 2023, the permanent population of the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture was 3.342 million people. As of March 2023,[3] the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture governed one county-level city and 11counties, with 110townships,[4] and the People's Government of the Autonomous Prefecture is based inXiaguan, Dali City.
The Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture has a long history. As far back as theNeolithic Age, the ancestors of ethnic minorities such as theBai people andYi people and thrived here. During theTang andSong dynasties, local governments such as the "Kingdom of Nanzhao" and the "Kingdom of Dali" emerged.[5] In 1956, the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture was established. The capital, Dali City, is the intersection of the Yunnan-Burma Road and the Yunnan-Tibet Road, historically an important transit point for the "Shu-Sindu Road"[6] and the "Tea Horse Road," and now is planned by Yunnan Province as the central city of Western Yunnan, a regionaltransportation hub, and thelogistics center of Western Yunnan.
The Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture boasts more than 130 scenic spots and historical sites, including theBuddhist holy land ofMount Jizu, the famousTaoist mountain ofWeibaoshan, the magnificent stone carvings ofShibaoshan, and the plateau pearl ofErhai Lake. TheCangshan and Erhai are national-level scenic spots, and "Cangshan Nature and the Cultural Relics ofNanzhao" are dual national natural and cultural heritages.
In 2022, the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture achieved a regional gross domestic product (GDP) of 169.96 billion yuan, growing by 2.4% compared to the previous year.[7]
Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture is bordered byChuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture to the east,Pu'er City andLincang to the south,Baoshan, Yunnan andNujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture to the west, andLijiang to the north.
In the twenty-sixth year of the reign of EmperorQin Shi Huang (221 BC), the Dali region was incorporated into the unified feudal state of theQin dynasty.
In the second year of the Yuanfeng (元封) era of theHan dynasty (109 BC), theWestern Han dynasty dispatched tens of thousands of soldiers from Ba and Shu to attack the Laojin (劳浸) and Mimu (靡莫) tribes, "advancing with troops to Dian," (以兵临滇) where the "King of Dian" (滇王）submitted to the Han. The Western Han dynasty established theYizhou Prefecture in the area ruled by the "King of Dian." In the same year, the Han dynasty sent Guo Chang (郭昌) and Wei Guang (卫广) to attack the "Kunming" tribe in the Dali region that had obstructed the Han envoys. In the fourth year of the Yuanfeng era (107 BC) and the sixth year of the Yuanfeng era (105 BC), Guo Chang led troops twice more to attack the "Kunming" tribe, and "a few years later, they also annexed the land of Kunming." Four counties, Ye Yu (叶榆), Yunnan (云南), Xielong (邪龙), and Bisu (比苏), were established in the Dali region, under the jurisdiction ofYizhou Prefecture, and since then, the Dali region was officially incorporated into the territory of the Han dynasty.
During theEastern Han period, the Dali region was under the jurisdiction of Yongchang (永昌郡) Prefecture, with the four counties of Ye Yu, Xilong, Yunnan, and Bisu established during the Western Han period remaining unchanged, and a new county, Bo Nan (nowYongping County), was added.
During theThree Kingdoms period, what is nowYunnan,Guizhou, and the southwestern part ofSichuan were known as Nan Zhong and were part of theShu Kingdom.
In the seventh year of the Tai Kai era of theWestern Jin dynasty (271 AD), the Jin dynasty divided the four prefectures established by theShu Han in Nan Zhong, establishing Ning State (宁州).
During theSouthern dynasties, as the Central Plains were in a situation of feudal division, Yunnan was successively ruled by theSong,Southern Qi,Liang,Northern Wei,Western Wei, andNorthern Zhou dynasties.
In the fifth year of theKai Huang era of theSui dynasty (585 AD), Emperor Wen of Sui,Yang Jian, dispatched Wei Chong as the governor of Nan Ning (南宁州) State, and established Gongzhou (恭州), Xiezhou (协州), and Kunzhou (昆州) in Yunnan.
In the fourth year of the Wu De era of theTang dynasty (621 AD), the Tang sent envoys to the Erhai region to appease the various tribes of the "Kunming" Man. In the seventh year of Wu De (624 AD), the chief commander of the prefecture, Wei Renshou, (韦仁寿) led five hundred soldiers to the Western Erhai River, "by imperial authority, established eight prefectures and seventeen counties, and appointed their leaders as chiefs and governors." From the eighth year ofTianbao (749 AD) to the thirteenth year of Tianbao (754 AD), the "An Lushan rebellion" broke out between the Tang and Nanzhao dynasties. In the following 40 years, Nanzhao continued to expand outward, expanding its territory and establishing a multi-ethnic state that included eastern Guizhou, northern Vietnam, southernXishuangbanna, northern Myanmar, northwestern Tibet's Shenchuan (神川) (nowLijiang), and northeast to Xuzhou (戌州) (nowYibin) in Sichuan.
In the second year of Tianfu of theLater Jin dynasty (937 AD), Duan Siping, the military governor of Tonghai of the Later Jin, joined forces with the thirty-seven eastern regions to march on Dali, overthrew the Dayining Kingdom (大义宁国), and established theDali Kingdom.
In the first year of the Baoyou era of theSouthern Song dynasty (1253 AD),Kublai Khan led the central road army, crossed theDadu River, "traveled through the mountains and valleys for more than 2000 miles," passing through present-dayYanyuan andYongsheng, and directly reached theJinsha River, "crossing by leather bags and rafts," arriving in the territory of Lijiang today. Kublai Khan led his troops to captureJianchuan andHeqing, and pressed on to Dali City from Shangguan. The city was broken, the Prime Minister of Dali, Gao Xiang (高祥), was killed, and the King of Dali, Duan Xingzhi (段兴智), fled to the Dian Lake area. In the second year of Baoyou (1254 AD),Uriangqada continued to march, successively pacifying the five cities, eight prefectures, four counties, and 37 departments of the Bai and Black Man of the Dali Kingdom, and captured the King of Dali, Duan Xingzhi, in Kunze (昆泽) (nowYiliang), and the Dali Kingdom fell.
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
| 1 | Dali City | 大理市 | Dàlǐ Shì | 652,000 | 1,468 | 444 |
| 2 | Xiangyun County | 祥云县 | Xiángyún Xiàn | 456,000 | 2,498 | 183 |
| 3 | Binchuan County | 宾川县 | Bīnchuān Xiàn | 349,000 | 2,627 | 133 |
| 4 | Midu County | 弥渡县 | Mídù Xiàn | 313,000 | 1,571 | 199 |
| 5 | Yongping County | 永平县 | Yǒngpíng Xiàn | 175,000 | 2,884 | 61 |
| 6 | Yunlong County | 云龙县 | Yúnlóng Xiàn | 200,000 | 4,712 | 42 |
| 7 | Eryuan County | 洱源县 | Ěryuán Xiàn | 268,000 | 2,961 | 91 |
| 8 | Jianchuan County | 剑川县 | Jiànchuān Xiàn | 170,000 | 2,318 | 73 |
| 9 | Heqing County | 鹤庆县 | Hèqìng Xiàn | 255,000 | 2,395 | 106 |
| 10 | Yangbi Yi Autonomous County | 漾濞彝族自治县 | Yàngbì Yízú Zìzhìxiàn | 102,000 | 1,957 | 52 |
| 11 | Nanjian Yi Autonomous County | 南涧彝族自治县 | Nánjiàn Yízú Zìzhìxiàn | 212,000 | 1,802 | 118 |
| 12 | Weishan Yi and Hui Autonomous County | 巍山彝族回族自治县 | Wēishān Yízú Huízú Zìzhìxiàn | 304,000 | 2,266 | 134 |
Ethnic groups in Dali, 2000 census
| Ethnicity | Population | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Han | 1,659,730 | 50.35% |
| Bai | 1,081,167 | 32.8% |
| Yi | 426,634 | 12.94% |
| Hui | 66,085 | 2.0% |
| Lisu | 31,972 | 0.97% |
| Miao | 10,967 | 0.33% |
| Naxi | 4,302 | 0.13% |
| Achang | 3,330 | 0.1% |
| Others | 12,365 | 0.38% |
In addition to thenational public holidays observed throughout China, Dali prefecture has local public holidays. Residents get three days off, from the 15th to the 17th day of the third month of theChinese calendar, for theThird Month Fair (三月街), a traditional festival of theBai people. Residents also get two days off, on November 22 and 23, for the Anniversary of the Establishment of the Autonomous Prefecture (自治州成立纪念日).[8]
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