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Daily Bugle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fictional New York City newspaper
ForThe Adventures of Superpup newspaper, seeDaily Bugle (The Adventures of Superpup). For the web series, seeDaily Bugle (web series).
"The DB" redirects here. For other uses, seeDB.

Daily Bugle
Publication information
PublisherMarvel Comics
First appearance
Created by
In-story information
Type of businessNewspaper
Owner(s)
Employee(s)

TheDaily Bugle (at one timeThe DB!)[2] is a fictionalNew York Citytabloid newspaper appearing as a plot element inAmerican comic books published byMarvel Comics. TheDaily Bugle is a regular fixture in theMarvel Universe, most prominently inSpider-Man comic titles and their derivative media. The newspaper first appeared in theHuman Torch story inMarvel Mystery Comics #18 (April1941). It returned inFantastic Four #2 (January1962), and its offices were first depicted inThe Amazing Spider-Man #1 (March1963).

TheDaily Bugle was first featured on film in the 2002 filmSpider-Man. The fictional newspaper is meant to be apastiche of both the New YorkDaily News and theNew York Post, two popular real-life New York Citytabloids. The outlet appears inSam Raimi'sSpider-Man trilogy (2002–07),Marc Webb'sThe Amazing Spider-Man duology (2012–14) andSony's Spider-Man Universe (2018–24). The agency is reimagined as a sensationalist news website in theMarvel Cinematic Universe (MCU)filmsSpider-Man: Far From Home (2019) andSpider-Man: No Way Home (2021), the SSU filmVenom: Let There Be Carnage (2021), and theweb seriesThe Daily Bugle (2019–22), headlined byJ. K. Simmons andAngourie Rice asJ. Jonah Jameson andBetty Brant. An alternate version of the web series hosted by Nicque Marina was featured in promotional material for the SSU filmMorbius (2022).

Publishing history

[edit]

TheDaily Bugle is featured prominently in many Marvel Comics titles, especially those in whichSpider-Man is the lead character. In1996, a three-issue (black and white) limited series was printed.

Since2006, Marvel has published a monthlyDaily Bugle newspaper reporting on the company's publications and authors. Marvel earlier used the newspaper format to promote Marvel's crossover eventsCivil War andHouse of M—reporting on storyline events as if the comic bookDaily Bugle had come to life. Marvel restored this promotional function for the2007 death ofCaptain America.

Fictional History

[edit]

TheDaily Bugle was founded in 1898 and has been published daily ever since. TheDaily Bugle is printed in tabloid format like its rival theDaily Globe. The editor and publisher of theBugle,J. Jonah Jameson, began his journalistic career as a reporter for theBugle while still in high school. Jameson purchased the then-flounderingBugle with inheritance funds, from his recently deceased father-in-law and turned the paper into a popular success. Other magazines published from time-to-time include the revivedNow magazine and the now-defunctWoman magazine, edited byCarol Danvers.

J. Jonah Jameson, Inc. purchased the Goodman Building on39th Street andSecond Avenue in 1936 and moved its entire editorial and publishing facilities there.[3] Now called the Daily Bugle Building, the office complex is forty-six stories tall, and is capped by theDaily Bugle logo in 30-foot (9.1 m) letters on the roof. There are loading docks in the rear of the building, reached by a back alley. Three floors are devoted to the editorial office of theBugle and two sub-basement levels to the printing presses, while the rest of the floors are rented. (A panel in #105 ofThe Amazing Spider-Man showed theBugle building located near a street sign at the corner ofMadison Avenue and a street in the East Fifties (the second digit was not shown). This suggests that the building may have been relocated at some point.)

The newspaper is noted for its anti-superhero slant, especially concerningSpider-Man, whom the paper constantly smears as a part of its editorial policy. However, the Editor-in-Chief, "Robbie" Robertson, the only subordinate to Jameson who isnot intimidated by him, has worked to moderate it. More positively, the newspaper has also published important exposés of political corruption and organized crime in the city, and also takes a strong stance in favor ofmutant rights, which has led to its being targeted by various criminals and hate groups.

Due to declining circulation, Jameson has conceded to Robertson's objections and has created a special feature section of the paper calledThe Pulse, which focuses on superheroes. In addition, the paper also intermittently ran aglossy magazine calledNow Magazine.

Soon after the team's formation, theNew Avengers decided to strike a deal with Jameson regarding exclusive content in exchange for removing the strong anti-Spider-Man sentiment from the newspaper, to which Jameson agreed. Merely one day later, Jameson broke the spirit (though not the letter) of his agreement withIron Man, using the headline "a wanted murderer (Wolverine),an alleged ex-member of a terrorist organization (Spider-Woman)and a convicted heroin-dealer (Luke Cage)are just some of the new recruits set to bury the once good name of theAvengers," but refraining from attacking Spider-Man. This promptedJessica Jones to sell the first pictures of her newborn baby to one of theBugle's competitors instead.

In the first issue ofRunaways (vol. 2),Victor Mancha states in an exchange about Spider-Man that"The only people who think he's a criminal areFox News and theDaily Bugle. And theBugle is, like, the least respected newspaper in New York City." The paper's major named competitors are theDaily Globe, which implicitly takes a more balanced look at superheroes,Front Line, run by EICBen Urich and Sally Floyd, andThe Alternative. After Peter Parker revealed that he is Spider-Man and theBugle planned to sue him for fraud, the paper itself was put on the defensive with front page accusations from theGlobe (with information secretly supplied byBugle reporterBetty Brant) oflibeling the superhero.

The adventures of the staff of the newspaper beyond Peter Parker have been depicted in two series,Daily Bugle andThe Pulse.

The DB

[edit]

After Jameson suffered a near-fatal heart attack, his wife sold theBugle to rival newspaper manDexter Bennett, who changed the name toThe DB! (either standing for Dexter Bennett orDaily Bugle), and transformed it into ascandal sheet.[2] Since afterBrand New Day no one knows the secret identity of Spider-Man anymore, the animosity between Jameson and Parker isretconned as a simple financial question, with Jameson's heart attack coming right after a monetary request from Peter.

The reputation of theDB! since the mention inRunaways (vol. 2) has plummeted downward because of the new, scandalistic angle Bennett gives it. Several reporters unwilling, or refusing the new course, like Peter himself, are forced to go away, finding a new safe haven in theFront Line, the only magazine willing to accept people that were fired by Bennett, pursuing ascorched earth policy over them.

The villainElectro targeted Dexter Bennett because of a government bailout plan for the financially strapped paper. Spider-Man intervened, and during a battle inside theDB! offices, the entire building was demolished, bringing an end to the newspaper as well.[4]

Front Line

[edit]

Front Line was a newspaper founded and run byBen Urich and Sally Floyd. The organization was formed inCivil War: Front Line #11 asFrontlines.com. The newspaper appeared in the miniseriesWorld War Hulk: Front Line andSiege: Embedded. Originally it was not competitive with theDaily Bugle while Jameson was still in charge, but it became an alternative view toThe DB! once Bennett took control.

Reborn

[edit]

Sometime after theDB!'s destruction, Jameson, now the mayor of New York, cashed in theDB! shares that he acquired from Bennett and gave the money to Robbie Robertson. Jameson asked Robertson to remakeFront Line (which itself was on hard times) into the newDaily Bugle.[5]

Fictional staff members

[edit]

Current

[edit]
  • Betty Brant (reporter), Secretary (formerly)[6]
  • Abner Abernathy[7]
  • Tom Amos (reporter)[8] – Named but yet to be seen
  • Alejandro Arbona (copy editor)[9] – based on an actual person
  • Johanna Audiffred (Jeff Suter's assistant)[9]
  • Connor Austen (reporter)[10] – attended SHIELD press conference
  • Chris Baiocchi (staff writer)[10] – interviewed Tony Stark
  • John Barber (copy editor)[10]
  • Ron Barney (reporter)[11] – Named but yet to be seen.
  • Joe Bazooka (reporter)[12] – Named but yet to be seen.
  • Noel Beckford (reporter)[13]
  • Aaron "Abe"Benerstein (film critic)[14]
  • Mike Berino Bering (reporter)[11] – Named but yet to be seen.
  • Miriam Birchwood (gossip columnist)[15] – AttendedReed andSue Richards' wedding.
  • Phil Bostwich (reporter)[16] – Named but yet to be seen.
  • Tom Brevoort (executive editor)[10] – based on actual person
  • Kenny Brown[17]
  • Blaine Browne (reporter)[18]
  • Isabel "Izzy" Bunsen (science editor)[19]
  • Ed Brubaker (reporter)[9] – based on actual person, co-wrote report of Captain America's assassination with Kat Farrell.
  • Dan Buckley (J. Jonah Jameson's assistant)[10]
  • Marge Butler (Receptionist)[20]
  • Harrison Cahill (chairman of the board)[21]
  • Ken Clarke (reporter)[22]
  • George Clum (theater critic)[23]
  • Ksitigarbha "Miss Kay"Cohn (reporter)[24]
  • Peggy Collins (Intern)[25]
  • Cole Cooper (photographer)[26]
  • Kathryn "Kate" Cushing (city editor)[27]
  • Vickie Danner (Washington DC liaison)[28]
  • Peter David (reporter)[10] – based on actual person
  • Dan Davis (reporter)[29]
  • Albert Jack Dickinson (reporter)[30]
  • Nick Dillman (reporter)[31]
  • Herman Donaldson (fact checker)[32]
  • Kim Drunter (financial reporter)[33]
  • Rich DuFour (reporter)[34]
  • Sam Dunne (national editor)[29]
  • Anthea Dupres (reporter)[35]
  • Edwin E. Edwards (photographer)[24]
  • Ken Ellis (reporter)[36] – dubbed theScarlet Spider... the Scarlet Spider.
  • Christine Everhart[37]
  • Steve Epting (photographer)[38] – Based on the comic book artist[39]
  • Mark Ewing (reporter)[40] – Investigated the alleged conspiracy involving the group Control
  • Samuel Exmore (apprentice editor)[41]
  • Tony Falcone (copy writer)[42]
  • Debby Ferraro[43]
  • Nicholas Finch (reporter)[44]
  • Bob Fisck (political correspondent)[10] – interviewed Valerie Cooper
  • Sid Franken (reporter)[29]
  • Colm Glover (reporter)[45] – Named but yet to be seen
  • Tim Gluohy (reporter)[46] – Named but yet to be seen.
  • Melvin Gooner (reporter)[47]
  • Glory Grant (Administrative Assistant)[48]
  • Justin Gray (reporter)[10] – based on actual person
  • Marc Guggenheim (reporter)[10] – based on actual person
  • Banning Gumpart[49]
  • Toni Harris (apprentice editor)[50]
  • Matt Hicksville (reporter)[8] – Named but yet to be seen
  • David Hine (reporter)[10]
  • Jean-Paul Hoffman[51]
  • Russ Holmes[52]
  • Edward Holt (purchasing officer)[53]
  • Matt Idelson (reporter)[54] – Named but yet to be seen
  • Max Igoe (sports writer)[55]
  • Frank Janson (rewrite editor)[44]
  • Hal Jerkins (typesetter)[56]
  • Bud Johnson (page designer)[14]
  • Charles Jones (member of the board of directors)[21]
  • Richard Jones (Phantom Reporter)[57] – offered a job as a reporter
  • David L. Kanon (photographer)[25]
  • Richard "Dick"Katrobousis (editor)[58]
  • Steve Keene (accountant)[58]
  • Samuel Kingston (syndicated columns editor)[57] – offered Phantom Reporter a job because of his "unique" perspective.
  • Lee "Your Man at the Bugle"Kirby (Entertainment Writer), based on actual persons[10]
  • Richard "Andy"Lessman (reporter)[59]
  • Yusef Lichtenstein (editor)[44]
  • Maggie Lorca (reporter)[60]
  • Nick Lowe (entertainment editor)[10]
  • Judy Lumley (society & fashion editor)[61]
  • Karen Lynch[62]
  • Eileen Lutomski (proofreader)[14]
  • Ann MacIntosh (columnist and classified editor)[63]
  • Jerome Maida (reporter)[10]
  • Midge Marder (editor)[64]
  • Ralfie Markarian (reporter)[65]
  • Michael Marts (reporter)[66] – Named but yet to be seen
  • Tom Marvelli (Art Director)[10]
  • Mike Mayhew (photographer)[10]
  • Maggie McCulloch (chief librarian)[67]
  • Jim Mclaughlin (reporter)[10]
  • Patrick McGrath (Graphic Designer)[10] – Based on a real person
  • Joy Mercado (reporter)[68] – A tough, intelligent, sassy investigative reporter, a friend of Peter Parker who may suspect he is reallySpider-Man.
  • Clifford Meth (reporter)[10] – interviewed Tony Stark and Wasp
  • Dawn Michaels (investigative reporter)[69]
  • Harvey Michaelson (reporter)[70]
  • Kirk Morello (reporter)[10] – interviewedMisty Knight &Colleen Wing
  • Daniel Morton (photographer)[44]
  • Terry Morrow (staff writer)[10]
  • Danny Nasimoff (night editor)[71]
  • Jim Nausedas (Jeff Suter's assistant)[9]
  • Ben O'Malley (freelance writer)[10] – wrote article on Super-Hero imitation
  • Sean O'Reilly (reporter)[72]
  • Marge O'Toole[20]
  • Bill Oakley (reporter)[34]
  • Jan Parsec (reporter)[73] – Named but yet to be seen
  • Trevor Parsons (reporter)[74]
  • Victor Paunchilito (Reporter/Columnist)[75]
  • Victor Pei (assistant photography editor)[76]
  • Suzie Pelkey (receptionist)[34]
  • Ryan Penagos (reporter)[9] – based on actual person, interviewed Tony Stark and David Purdin.
  • Robert Pitney (typesetter)[77]
  • Bill Price (reporter)[78]
  • Gus Qualen (photographer)[79]
  • Joe Quesada (Joe Robertson's assistant)[10] – based on actual person
  • David Rabinowitz (reporter)[80]
  • Ralph Reddin (security guard)[81]
  • Brian Reed (reporter)[10] – based on actual person
  • Carl Reed-Duxfield (reporter)[82]
  • Tony Reeves (photographer)[83]
  • Patrick Reynolds (reporter)[58]
  • Jim Richardson[52]
  • Kim Robinson[33]
  • Bill Rosemann (editor)[9] – based on actual person
  • Fabio Rossi (Advertising Salesman)[84]
  • Mike Sangiocomo (correspondent)[10]
  • Andy Schmidt (political editor)[10] – based on an actual person
  • Cory Sedlmeier (photo editor)[10] – based on actual person
  • Arnold Sibert (entertainment editor and movie critic)[85] – became involved in opposing a plot ofMysterio
  • Joe Sidesaddle (reporter)[86] – Named but yet to be seen
  • Warren Simons (sports editor)[10] – based on actual person
  • Sanjay Sinclair (reporter)[81]
  • Dan Slott (reporter)[10] – based on actual person
  • Charles "Charley"Snow (reporter)[87]
  • John Snow (White House Spokesperson)[10]
  • Jeff Stern (reporter)[58]
  • J. Michael Straczinski (reporter)[10] – based on actual person, worked for the Marvel Comics universe version of Marvel Comics.
  • Jeff Suter (Senior Art Director)[9] – based on actual person
  • Bill Tatters (reporter)[88] – Named but yet to be seen
  • Leila Taylor (reporter)[89]
  • Duke Thomas (reporter)[81]
  • Wendy Thorton (sports columnist)[90]
  • Maury Toeitch (reporter)[91] – Named but yet to be seen
  • Reginald Lance Toomey[24]
  • Dilbert Trilby (obituary writer)[92]
  • Charlie Verreos (reporter)[79]
  • Bill Webb (photographer)[58]
  • David Weiss (copy editor)[92]
  • Sydney Weiss (reporter)[9]
  • Zeb Wells (reporter)[10] – based on actual person
  • Jill Whyte-Blythe (reporter)[24]
  • Sarah Williams (photographer)[58]
  • Spence Williams (Intern)[24]
  • Richard Wormly (editor-in-chief's assistant)[93]
  • Bill Xanthis (rewrite editor)[79]
  • Angela Yin (photographer)[94] – Sister of the criminalDragonfly
  • Callum Broom (photographer)
  • Mickey Zimmer (photographer)[58]
  • Lester (reporter)[95]

Former

[edit]

Reception

[edit]

Accolades

[edit]
  • In 2019,CBR.com ranked theDaily Bugle 2nd in their "Top 10 Fictional Marvel Companies" list.[152]

Impact

[edit]

Other versions

[edit]

Age of Apocalypse

[edit]

In theAge of Apocalypse timeline, theDaily Bugle is a clandestine paper run by humans meant to inform the public about the secrets ofApocalypse, here the tyrannical ruler of North America. ThisDaily Bugle is run by Robbie Robertson, who is killed by aBrood-infectedChristopher Summers, leaving the status of the paper unknown.[154]

Amalgam Comics

[edit]

TheGotham Bugle (an amalgamation of theDaily Bugle andDC Comics' theGotham Gazette) appears in theAmalgam Comics world. Similar to the mainstreamDaily Bugle, employees include J. Jonah White, Jimmy Urich, Tana Moon, Jack Ryder andSpider-Boy. In this world, theGotham Bugle regularly produces cover stories revolving around Spider-Boy's love life.[155]

1602

[edit]

In theMarvel 1602 setting, Jameson is publisher of the first "news-sheet" in the New World; theDaily Trumpet.

House of M

[edit]

In this alternate reality, theDaily Bugle exists mostly as a propaganda machine for the ruling mutant hierarchy. Stories can be and are repressed if they are not favorable enough to mutants. In this reality, a blue-skinned woman named Cerena Taylor is the editor-in-chief. Other staff members include Bugman (theDaily Bugle's paparazzi driver), Jacob Guntherson (the Daily Bugle's photographer), and Triporter (the Daily Bugle's three-eyed reporter).

Ultimate Marvel

[edit]

In theUltimate Marvel universe (Earth-1610), theBugle is much the same as in the 616 version. The main difference is that Peter Parker is not employed as a photographer, but works on the newspaper's website after Jameson sees him assist with a problem. The newspaper plays less of a role inUltimate Spider-Man than it did in the comics portraying the equivalent period of the 616 Spider-Man's career. Peter frequently implies that he does not spend much time there. After the events ofUltimatum, theDaily Bugle, much like the rest of New York, was heavily damaged. Instead of a full rebuild, theBugle was made into an online newspaper and blog.

Ultimate Universe

[edit]

In theUltimate Universe (Earth-6160), theDaily Bugle is owned byWilson Fisk who is loyal to theMaker andhis council.J. Jonah Jameson andBen Parker were depicted as employees of theDaily Bugle until they resigned upon being disgusted at nobody wanting to investigateTony Stark's "attack on New York City", opting to instead start their own journalism company,The Paper.[156]

In other media

[edit]

Television

[edit]

Film

[edit]

Marvel Cinematic Universe

[edit]

A controversial online news outlet calledTheDailyBugle.net appears in media set in theMarvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). First appearing in themid-credits scene of the filmSpider-Man: Far From Home (2019), the outlet makes further appearances in the filmSpider-Man: No Way Home (2021) and theweb seriesThe Daily Bugle (2019–22).

Video games

[edit]

Miscellaneous

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Spider-Man: 15 Things You Didn't Know About the Daily Bugle".Screen Rant. July 24, 2017.
  2. ^abThe Amazing Spider-Man #554 – "Burned!"
  3. ^Sanderson, Peter (2007).The Marvel Comics Guide to New York City. New York City:Pocket Books. pp. 36–39.ISBN 978-1-4165-3141-8.
  4. ^The Amazing Spider-Man #614
  5. ^The Amazing Spider-Man #648
  6. ^Stan Lee (w), Steve Ditko (p), Steve Ditko (i). "Nothing Can Stop... the Sandman" The Amazing Spider-Man, no. 4 (September 1, 1963). Marvel Comics.
  7. ^J. M. DeMatteis (w), Mike Esposito &Herb Trimpe (p), Mike Esposito (i). "Dichotomies" Marvel Team-Up, no. 155 (March 1982). Marvel Comics.
  8. ^abBenny R. Powell (w). Marvel Vision, no. 21 (September 1997). Marvel Comics.
  9. ^abcdefghEd Brubaker (w), Steve Epting (p), unknown (i). "Daily Bugle: Captain America Assassinated" Civil War: Fallen Son Daily Bugle Special, no. 1 (May 2007). Marvel Comics.
  10. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafunknown (w), unknown (p), unknown (i). "Civil War" Daily Bugle Civil War Newspaper Special, no. 1 (September 1, 2006). Marvel Comics.
  11. ^abBenny R. Powell (w). Marvel Vision, no. 14 (February 1, 1997). Marvel Comics.
  12. ^Benny R. Powell (w). Marvel Vision, no. 10 (October 1, 1996). Marvel Comics.
  13. ^Tom DeFalco (w), Tom Lyle (p), Robert Jones (i). "Duel with Devil Dinosaur" Amazing Spider-Man/Devil Dinosaur '98, no. 1 (1998). Marvel Comics.
  14. ^abcZeb Wells (w), Dean Haspiel (p), Dean Haspiel (i). "behind the Mustache" Spider-Man's Tangled Web, no. 20 (January 1, 2003). Marvel Comics.
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  22. ^UK Spider-Man Annual 1982
  23. ^Denny O'Neil (w), Jim Mooney (p), Pablo Marcos (i). "Mesmero's Revenge" The Amazing Spider-Man, no. 207 (August 1, 1980). Marvel Comics.
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  25. ^abPaul Benjamin &Sean McKeever (w), Kano &Vasilis Lolos (p), Kano &Vasilis Lolos (i). "Undone" Spider-Man Family (June 2007). Marvel Comics/Columbia Pictures.
  26. ^Web of Spider-Man #113
  27. ^Web of Spider-Man #5
  28. ^Mike Lackey (w), Andrew Wildman (p), Stephen Baskerville (i). "Jury Rigged" Spider-Man: The Arachnis Project, no. 3 (October 1, 1994). Marvel Comics.
  29. ^abcJoe Casey (w), Pablo Raimondi (p), Walden Wong (i). "Full Court Press" Captain America '99, no. 1 (1999). Marvel Comics.
  30. ^abcBill Rosemann (w), Guy Davis (p), Guy Davis (i). "Deadline" Deadline, no. 1 (June 2002). Marvel Comics.
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  32. ^Marv Wolfman (w), Keith Pollard (p), Jim Mooney (i). "24 Hours Till Doomsday" The Amazing Spider-Man, no. 192 (May 1979). Marvel Comics.
  33. ^abDavid Michelinie (w), Erik Larsen (p), Randy Emberlin (i). "Man of Steal" The Amazing Spider-Man, no. 349 (July 1991). Marvel Comics.
  34. ^abcdAnn Nocenti (w), Keith Pollard (p), Danny Bulanadi (i). "Cavier Killer" Daredevil, no. 242 (May 1987). Marvel Comics.
  35. ^Alan Davis (w), Alan Davis (p), Mark Farmer (i). "Real Heroes" ClanDestine, no. 7 (April 1995). Marvel Comics.
  36. ^Web of Spider-Man #118
  37. ^Iron Man vol. 3 #75
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  39. ^Daily Bugle: Captain America shot and killedArchived October 1, 2009, at the Portuguese Web Archive
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  43. ^Steven Grant (w), Bob McLeod (p), Bob McLeod (i). "Vengeance Part 2" Spider-Man, no. 33 (April 1993). Marvel Comics.
  44. ^abcdFrank Miller (w), David Mazzucchelli (p), David Mazzuchelli (i). "Born Again" Daredevil, no. 230 (May 1986). Marvel Comics.
  45. ^Benny R. Powell (w). Marvel Vision, no. 34 (October 1, 1998). Marvel Comics.
  46. ^Benny R. Powell (w). Marvel Vision, no. 15 (March 1997). Marvel Comics.
  47. ^Todd McFarlane (w), Todd McFarlane (p), Todd McFarlane (i). "Perceptions Part 1" Spider-Man, no. 8 (March 1991). Marvel Comics.
  48. ^Gerry Conway (w), Ross Andru (p), Frank Giacoia (i). "...And One Will Fall" The Amazing Spider-Man, no. 140 (January 1, 1975). Marvel Comics.
  49. ^Brian Michael Bendis (w), David Mack (p), Mark Morales (i). "Wake Up Part 1" Daredevil vol. 2, no. 16 (May 2001). Marvel Comics.
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  51. ^David Koepp &Alvin Sargent (w). Spider-Man (2002 film) (May 2002). Marvel Comics/Columbia Pictures.
  52. ^abPaul Jenkins (w), Ramon F Bachs (p), John Lucas (i). "Embedded Part 6" Civil War: Front Line, no. 6 (November 1, 2006). Marvel Comics.
  53. ^abCarl Potts (w), Dave Ross (p), Russ Heath (i). "Headlines" The Punisher War Journal, no. 15 (February 1, 1990). Marvel Comics.
  54. ^Benny R. Powell (w). Marvel Vision, no. 8 (August 1, 1996). Marvel Comics.
  55. ^Jack Morelli (w), Joyce Chen (p), Andy Lanning (i). "The Night They Killed Big Bear" Peter Parker: Spider-Man/Elektra '98, no. 1 (1998). Marvel Comics.
  56. ^Len Wein (w), Ross Andru (p), Jim Mooney (i). "Green Grows the Goblin" The Amazing Spider-Man, no. 178 (March 1978). Marvel Comics.
  57. ^abThe Twelve #3
  58. ^abcdefgUK Spider-Man Annual (1982)
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