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Dafydd ap Llywelyn

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Prince of Gwynedd from 1240 to 1246

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Dafydd ap Llywelyn
An engraving of Dafydd ap Llywelyn's seal
Prince of Gwynedd
Reign	11 April 1240 – 25 February 1246
Predecessor	Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
Successor	After theTreaty of Woodstock: Owain Goch ap Gruffudd (inAberffraw,Rhosyr,Llŷn, andDunoding) Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (inCemais,Arfon,Arllechwedd, andPenllyn) Dafydd ap Gruffudd (inCymydmaen [cy], in 1252) AfterBryn Derwin (1255): Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (alone, to the principality of Gwynedd)
Contender	Grufudd ap Llywelyn (11 April 1240 – 1 March 1244)
Prince of Wales^[1]
Reign	c. 1244 – 25 February 1246
Successor	Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (in 1258)
Distain	Ednyfed Fychan (11 April 1240 – 25 February 1246)

Born	(1212-04-00)April 1212 Castell Hen Blas,Tegeingl, Wales
Died	25 February 1246(1246-02-25) (aged 33) Abergwyngregyn,Arllechwedd, Wales
Burial	Aberconwy Abbey,Arllechwedd, Wales
Spouse	Isabella de Braose (m. 1229)
Issue	Annes (ill.) Llywelyn (ill.) Dafydd (spurious)
House	Second Dynasty of Gwynedd
Father	Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
Mother	Joan, Lady of Wales

Dafydd ap Llywelyn (c. April 1212 – 25 February 1246) wasKing of Gwynedd from 1240 to 1246.

Birth and descent

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Though birth years of 1208, 1206, and 1215 have been put forward for Dafydd, it has recently been persuasively argued that he was born shortly after Easter 1212^{[citation needed]}. Born at Castell Hen Blas, Coleshill,Bagillt inFlintshire, he was the only son ofLlywelyn ab Iorwerth (Llywelyn the Great) and by his wifeJoan, Lady of Wales (daughter ofKing John). His grandfather was facing trouble inEngland against his Barons when he was born. In his final years, Llywelyn went to great lengths to have Dafydd accepted as his sole heir. ByWelsh law, Dafydd's older half-brotherGruffydd had a claim to be Llywelyn's successor. Llywelyn had Dafydd recognised as his named heir by his uncleKing Henry III in 1220 and also had Dafydd's mother Joan declared legitimate by thePope Honorius III to strengthen Dafydd's claim.

Conflict

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There was considerable support for Gruffydd inGwynedd. Although Dafydd lost one of his most important supporters when hismother died in 1237, he retained the support ofEdnyfed Fychan, theSeneschal of Gwynedd who wielded great political influence. Llywelyn suffered a paralytic stroke in 1237, and Dafydd took an increasing role in government. Dafydd ruled Gwynedd following hisfather's death in 1240.

Although Henry III had accepted his claim to rule Gwynedd, he was not disposed to allow him to retain his father's conquests outside Gwynedd. As the diplomatic situation deteriorated, Dafydd began to explore alliances with others against Henry and is known to have sent ambassadors to the court ofLouis IX of France. In August 1241, however, King Henry III invaded Gwynedd, and after a short campaign, Dafydd was forced to submit. Under the terms of theTreaty of Gwerneigron, he had to give up all his lands outside Gwynedd and also to hand over to the King his half-brother Gruffydd, whom he had imprisoned. Henry thereby gained what could have been a useful weapon against Dafydd, with the possibility of setting Gruffydd up as a rival to Dafydd in Gwynedd, but in March 1244 Gruffydd fell to his death while trying to escape from theTower of London by climbing down a knotted sheet.

Later reign and death

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This freed Dafydd's hands, and he entered into an alliance with other Welsh princes to attack English possessions in Wales. He enjoyed several successes in the north: by March 1245 he had recovered the castle ofMold along with his former possessions in modern-dayFlintshire, and it is possible that the castle ofDyserth also fell to his men in the summer. In August 1245 King Henry again invaded Gwynedd, but his army suffered a defeat in a narrow pass by Dafydd's men. Undaunted, Henry proceeded as far as the river Conwy and began building a newcastle at Deganwy.

Dafydd also began diplomacy withPope Innocent IV, the result of which was a recognition byRome of his right to rule overNorth Wales. After a flurry of diplomatic activity by Henry, the decision was reversed in 1245. Savage fighting continued at Deganwy until Henry, some of whose supplies had been captured by the Welsh, ran short of provisions. A truce was agreed and Henry's army withdrew in the autumn. The truce remained in effect throughout the winter, but the war was effectively ended by the sudden death of Dafydd in the royal home atAbergwyngregyn, in February 1246. He was buried with his father atAberconwy Abbey. The writer ofBrut y Tywysogyon described him astarian Cymru – the shield of Wales. The poetDafydd Benfras composed an elegy in his honour.

Succession

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Since Dafydd's marriage toIsabella de Braose, daughter ofWilliam de Braose, had failed to produce an heir (though some early modern genealogists record him as having sired sons, including Dafydd^{[citation needed]}) the two elder sons of Gruffydd,Llywelyn ap Gruffudd andOwain Goch ap Gruffydd, divided Gwynedd between them and continued the war with King Henry until April 1247, when Llywelyn and Owain met the King at Woodstock and came to terms with him at the cost of the loss of much territory. The pair would continue to rule over Gwynedd jointly until Llywelyn's victory over Owain at theBattle of Bryn Derwin in 1255.

Ancestry

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Ancestors of Dafydd ap Llywelyn^[2]

Gruffudd ap Cynan

Owain Gwynedd

Angharad ferch Owain ab Edwin

Iorwerth Drwyndwn

Llywarch ap Trahaearn

Gwladus ferch Llywarch

Dyddgu ferch Iorwerth

Llywelyn ab Iorwerth

Maredudd ap Bleddyn

Madog ap Maredudd

Haer ferch Cillin

Margred ferch Madog

Dafydd ap Llywelyn

Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou

Henry II of England

Empress Matilda

John, King of England

William X, Duke of Aquitaine

Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine

Aénor de Châtellerault

Joan (ill.)

Clemence

Arms

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Coats of Arms of Dafydd ap Llywelyn
Arms	Details
	Arms of Dafydd, as attested in Matthew Paris'Chronica maiora (Cambridge Corpus Christi College MS 16), recording the death of Dafydd on February 25, 1246:Quarterly Or and Gules, four lions passant counter-changed.^[3]^[4]
	Another set of arms attributed to Dafydd by Matthew:Or, three roundels Vert, on a chief dancetty Vert a lion passant Sable.^[3]^[4]

References

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^Pryce 2005, pp. 479–480
^Bartrum 1976, p. 447, Gruffudd ap Cynan 4, ff.
^^a ^bSiddons 1991, p. 280
^^a ^bSiddons 1993, p. 105

Sources

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Bartrum, P. C., ed. (1976).Welsh Genealogies: AD 300-1400. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.doi:10.20391/40837b6f-1887-4afd-9c6e-9b7e3a122693.ISBN 070830561X. Archived fromthe original on 6 June 2023.
Cussans, Thomas;The Times Kings and Queens of The British Isles,ISBN 0-00-714195-5.
Edwards, J. G. (ed.);Calendar of Ancient Correspondence concerning Wales, (Cardiff, 1935).
Siddons, Michael Powell (1991).The Development of Welsh Heraldry. Vol. 1. Aberystwyth:National Library of Wales.ISBN 090715851X.
—— (1993).The Development of Welsh Heraldry. Vol. 2. Aberystwyth:National Library of Wales.ISBN 090715851X.
Pryce, Huw, ed. (2005).The Acts of Welsh Rulers, 1120–1283. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.ISBN 9780708318973.IA actsofwelshruler0000unse.
Stephenson, David and Craig Owen Jones; "The date and the context of the birth of Dafydd ap Llywelyn",Flintshire Historical Society Journal, 39 (2012).
"Hen Blas;Coleshill Castle (307131)",Coflein, RCAHMW, retrieved1 November 2025

Regnal titles
Dafydd ap Llywelyn Second Dynasty of Gwynedd Born: April 1212 Died: 25 February 1246
Preceded by Llywelyn ab Iorwerth	King of Gwynedd 1240–1246	Succeeded by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and Owain Goch ap Gruffudd

Rulers ofmedieval Wales

Territories/dates^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]	Powys		Dogfeiling	Gwynedd	Dunoding	Ceredigion	Ystrad Tywi	Dyfed	Brycheiniog	Glywysing	Gwent	Ergyng
400–600	Sub-Roman Britain
	Kingdom of Powys Gwrtheyrn CatigernCadell DdyrnllwgRhuddfedel Frych Cyngen GlodryddBrochwel Ysgithrog Cynan Garwyn Selyf ap Cynan Manwgan ap Selyf		Kingdom of Gwynedd				Kingdom of Dyfed Triffyn Farfog Aergol Lawhir Vortiporius		Brycheiniog Anlach mac CormacBrychan	Glywysing Mor Solor Glywys Gwynllŵg Gwynllyw Cadoc	Kingdom of Gwent Ynyr Gwent Caradoc Vreichvras	Ergyng Peibio Clafrog Cynfyn Gwrfoddw Gwrgan Fawr
			Dogfeiling Dogfael ap Cunedda Wledig Elno ap Dogfael Glas ap Elno Elgud ap Glas ap Elno Elaeth ab Elgud Meurig ap Elaeth	House of Gwynedd Cunedda Wledig Einion Yrth ap Cunedda Cadwallon Lawhir Maelgwn Gwynedd Rhun Hir ap Maelgwn Beli ap Rhun Iago ap Beli Cadfan ap Iago Cadwallon ap Cadfan (Canu Cadwallon)Cadafael Cadwaladr	Dunoding Dunod ap Cunedda Eifion ap Dunod Dingad ab Eifion Meurig ad Dingad Eifion ap Meurig Issac ap Eifion ap Meurig Pobien Hen ap Isaac Pobddelw ap Pobien Hen Eifion ap Pobddelw Brochwel ap Eifion Eigion ap Brochwel ab Eifion Ieuanawl ab Eigion Caradog ap Ieuanawl Bleiddud ap Caradog Cuhelyn ap Bleiddud	Kingdom of Ceredigion Ceredig ap CuneddaUsai ap Ceredig Serwyl ab Usai Boddw ap Serwyl Arthfoddw ap Boddw Athrwys ab Arthfoddw Clydog ab Athrwys			Brycheiniog Anlach mac CormacBrychan		Kingdom of Gwent Ynyr Gwent Caradoc Vreichvras
600–613							Cloten Cathen ap Gwlyddein Cadwgan ap Caten Rhain ap Cadwgan			Tewdrig Meurig ap Tewdrig
613–642	Eluadd ap Glast (Eiludd Powys)
642–645	Manwgan ap Selyf Beli ab Eiludd Gwylog ap Beli Elisedd ap Gwylog Brochfael ab Elisedd Cadell ap Brochfael Cyngen ap Cadell
645–682										Athrwys ap Meurig Morgan ab Athrwys Ithel ap Morgan Meurig ab Ithel
682–740			Idwal Iwrch Rhodri Molwynog Caradog ap Meirion Cynan Dindaethwy Hywel ap Caradog
730–745						Seisyllwg Seisyll ap Clydog Arthen ap Seisyll Dyfnwallon ab Arthen Meurig ap Dyfnwallon Gwgon ap Meurig		Dyfed Tewdos (Tewdwr)Maredudd ap Tewdws Rhain ap Maredudd Owain ap Maredudd Triffyn ap Rhain Bleddri (Bledrig)Hyfaidd ap Bleddri Llywarch ap Hyfaidd Rhodri ap Hyfaidd Hywel Dda	Brycheiniog
745–825										Glywysing Rhys ab Ithel Rhodri ab Ithel Meurig ab Ithel Rhys ap Arthfael Hywel ap Rhys Owain ap Hywel	Gwent Brochfael ap Meurig Ffernfael ap Meurig Brochwel ap Meurig Arthfael ap Hywel Ithel ab Athrwys ap Ffernfael	Mercia
825–854			House of Aberffraw Merfyn Frych Rhodri Mawr
854–872	Rhodri Mawr
871–878	Rhodri Mawr					Rhodri Mawr
878–909	Powys Merfyn ap Rhodri Llywelyn ap Merfyn		Gwynedd Anarawd ap Rhodri			House of Dinefwr Cadell ap Rhodri
909–913						Deheubarth Hywel Dda
913–925												Kingdom of England Archenfield
916–930	Idwal Foel									Owain ap Hywel
930–942	Idwal Foel									Glywysing Gruffydd ab Owain Cadwgan ab Owain	Gwent Morgan Hen ab Owain
942–950	Hywel Dda									Glywysing Gruffydd ab Owain Cadwgan ab Owain	Gwent Morgan Hen ab Owain
950–986	Powys Owain ap Hywel Dda		Gwynedd Ieuaf Iago ab Idwal Hywel ap Ieuaf Cadwallon ab Ieuaf			Deheubarth Owain ap Hywel Dda				Morgannwg Morgan Hen ab Owain Hywel ab Owain ap Morgan Hen Rhydderch ab Iestyn Gruffudd ap Rhydderch
988–999	Maredudd ab Owain
999–1022	Powys Llywelyn ap Seisyll		Gwynedd Cynan ap Hywel Aeddan ap Blegywryd			Deheubarth Rhain the Irishman Cadell ab Einion
1018–1023	Llywelyn ap Seisyll
1023–1033	Powys Rhydderch ab Iestyn		Gwynedd Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig			Deheubarth Rhydderch ab Iestyn Gruffudd ap Rhydderch
1033–1039	Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig Gruffudd ap Llywelyn					Deheubarth Rhydderch ab Iestyn Gruffudd ap Rhydderch
1045–1055	Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig Gruffudd ap Llywelyn					Gruffudd ap Rhydderch
1055–1063	Gruffudd ap Llywelyn
1063–1075	House of Mathrafal Bleddyn ap Cynfyn					Deheubarth Maredudd ab Owain ab Edwin Rhys ab Owain Rhys ap Tewdwr				Glywysing Caradog ap Gruffudd	Gwent Cadwgan ap Meurig
1075–1081	Powys Iorwerth ap Bleddyn Cadwgan ap Bleddyn Owain ap Cadwgan Maredudd ap Bleddyn Madog ap Maredudd		Gwynedd Trahaearn ap Caradog							Morgannwg Caradog ap Gruffudd Iestyn ap Gwrgant
1081–1093			Gruffudd ap Cynan Owain Gwynedd Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
1088–1116						Norman occupation
1095–1160						Deheubarth Gruffydd ap Rhys Anarawd ap Gruffydd Cadell ap Gruffydd Maredudd ap Gruffydd Rhys ap Gruffydd Gruffydd ap Rhys II Maelgwn ap Rhys Rhys Gryg			Lordship of Brecknock	Lordship of Glamorgan
1160–1216	Powys Fadog Gruffydd Maelor I Madog ap Gruffydd Maelor Gruffydd II ap Madog Madog II ap Gruffydd Gruffudd Fychan I	Powys Wenwynwyn Owain Cyfeiliog Gwenwynwyn
1216–1241		Principality of Wales Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
1241–1283		Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn	Dafydd ap Llywelyn Owain Goch ap Gruffudd Llywelyn ap Gruffudd Dafydd ap Gruffudd
1283–1287	(English conquest of Wales)
1535–1542	Laws in Wales Acts
^Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional ^Bartrum, Peter Clement (1993).A Welsh Classical Dictionary: People in History and Legend Up to about A.D. 1000. National Library of Wales.ISBN 0907158730. ^biography.wales (Dictionary of Welsh Biography) ^Davies, John (1994).A History of Wales. Penguin Books.ISBN 9780140145816. ^Encyclopaedia of Wales. University of Wales Press. 2008.ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6. ^Lloyd, John Edward (1912).A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest. Longmans, Green, and Co. ^Turvey, Roger (2010).Twenty-One Welsh Princes. Conwy: Gwasg Carreg Gwalch.ISBN 9781845272692.