| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
|---|---|
 Ruins of sanctuaries and solar disk at Sarmizegetusa Regia, Romania | |
 Interactive map of Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains | |
| Location | Hunedoara County,Alba County, Romania |
| Includes | Sarmizegetusa,Costești-Cetățuie,Costești-Blidaru,Luncani-Piatra Roșie,Bănița andCăpâlna |
| Criteria | Cultural: ii, iii, iv |
| Reference | 906 |
| Inscription | 1999 (23rdSession) |
Built inmurus dacicus style, the sixDacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains (Romanian:Cetăți dacice din Munții Orăștiei), inRomania, were created in the 1st centuries BC and AD as protection againstRoman conquest, and played an important role during theRoman–Dacian wars.
Their extensive and well-preserved remains present a picture of a vigorous and innovative ancient civilization.[1] Today,treasure-hunters sometimes search the area, as Romania lacks legislation in this domain (seeArchaeological looting in Romania).
The six fortresses —Sarmizegetusa Regia,Costești-Cetățuie,Costești-Blidaru,Piatra Roșie,Bănița, andCăpâlna — that formed the defensive system ofDecebalus were designated as aUNESCOWorld Heritage Site in 1999. All the sites are inHunedoara County, except for Căpâlna, which is inAlba County.
The town of Sarmizegetusa Regia was the capital and major fortress of theDacian kingdom, probably built in the mid first century BCE. It consisted of perimeter walls and fortifications, a sacred precinct, and a settlement area primarily for nobles and supporting servants. It was located at the top of a 1,200 metres (3,900 feet) hill with excellent visibility of the surrounding lands. The sacred precinct was on the east side of the town, with a prominent plaza and circular shrines. There were two settlement areas one on the east side and a larger one on the west. In addition to dwellings they included workshops, storage buildings, and agricultural processing areas. Notable for the time is a distribution system for drinking water that used ceramic pipes.[2]
Piatra Roșie, which meansRed Rock, was a Dacian hill fort two days march to the west from Costești-Cetățuie, at Luncani inBoșorod commune. It was built in two phases. In the first phase a long (102 m) rectangular main citadel was built at the height of land[3] with watch towers on each end and two outlying watch towers. Later the larger area inside the watch towers was enclosed with walls.[4] It appears that the hilltop was flattened in the process in order to produce a usable space.[5]
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