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| DPP v Morgan | |
|---|---|
 Wolverhampton, where the defendants were drinking prior to thegang rape of Morgan's wife. | |
| Court | House of Lords |
| Full case name | DPP v Morgan, DPP v McDonald, DPP v McLarty, DPP v Parker |
| Citations |
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| Transcript | BAILII |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting | |
| Keywords | |
| Rape, mistaken belief | |
Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) v Morgan [1975] UKHL 3 was a decision of theHouse of Lords which decided that an honest belief by a man that a woman with whom he was engaged with sexual intercourse was consenting was a defence torape, irrespective of whether that belief was based onreasonable grounds. This case was superseded by theSexual Offences Act 2003 which came into force on 1 May 2004.
William Anthony Morgan was a 37-year-old non-commissioned officer in theRAF. On the night of 15 August 1973 he was drinking in Wolverhampton with three junior colleagues. He invited the three of them to his house, ostensibly in order to havesexual intercourse with his wife, Daphne. The friends later claimed that Morgan told them that his wife was "kinky", and would feign protest (Morgan himself denied this). At the time the wife was sleeping separately from her husband, and was sleeping with her 11-year-old son in his bed when the defendants came into the house. The four men forcibly overcame the wife's resistance, dragged her from her son's bed, and each one had forcible intercourse without her consent whilst the others held her. She initially screamed for her son and his older brother to call the police, but in her evidence, she said the men clamped her nose and mouth with their hands to choke her until she submitted. After the attack, Morgan himself had sexual intercourse with his wife. She then went directly to Cosford hospital where she reported to staff that she had been raped.[1]
The men were charged with rape, and Morgan was charged withaiding and abetting the others to commit rape. He was not charged with rape because at the time it was believed thata husband had an absolute defence in law by virtue of being married to the victim.[2][3]
At trial the three men pleaded that they had honestly believed that Mrs Morgan had consented to sexual intercourse.
They were tried atStafford Crown Court at a trial presided over byMr Justice Kenneth Jones.
The trial judge directed the jury that the defendants would not be guilty of rape if they honestly believed that the woman was consenting and that belief in consent was reasonably held. On 24 January 1974 the jury convicted all four and they appealed.
The House of Lords held that an honest but mistaken belief that the victim was consenting would provide a complete defence; the basis for that belief did not need to be objectivelyreasonable so long as the jury were satisfied that the defendant honestly believed it.[4]
While the defendants won their legal argument, their convictions were nonetheless upheld. The judges found that no reasonable jury would have ever acquitted the defendants even had they been correctly directed by the trial judge as to the law, and so applying "the proviso" they upheld the convictions.
Notwithstanding the conviction of the defendants, the decision has attracted widespread criticism. Dolly Alexander has pointed out that in most other areas of English criminal law, mistaken belief must be held on a reasonable basis to found a defence.[5] Thefeminist legal scholar Jennifer Temkin[6] referred to the decision inDPP v Morgan as a "rapist's charter".[7]
In 2004 the law was changed pursuant to theSexual Offences Act 2003 such that belief on the part of the defendant that the victim consented must be "reasonable".[8]
