Secular Progressive Alliance | |
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மதச்சார்பற்ற முற்போக்குக் கூட்டணி Secular Progressive Alliance | |
| Abbreviation | SPA |
| Chairman | |
| Founder | M. Karunanidhi |
| Founded | 20 January 2004 |
| Preceded by | DMK-led Alliance |
| Ideology | Big tent Factions: Social democracy[1] Secularism[2] Communism[3] Marxism[4] |
| Political position | Centre-left toleft-wing |
| ECI Status | Not Required |
| Alliance | Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (National) |
| Seats in Rajya Sabha | 12 / 19 |
| Seats in Lok Sabha | 40 / 40 |
| Seats in State Legislative Assemblies | 158 / 234 (Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly) 9 / 33 (Puducherry Legislative Assembly) |
| Number of states and union territories in government | 1 / 31 |
| This article is part of a series on the |
| Politics of Tamil Nadu |
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Secular Progressive Alliance, formerly known asDemocratic Progressive Alliance (DPA), is an alliance ofIndian political parties formed by theDravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK).
The alliance was known as theDemocratic Progressive Alliance 2004–2009[5] and 2014–2016. It became theSecular Progressive Alliance in 2019.
| Duration | Election Year | Allied parties | Seats won |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2004 | 2004 | DMK,INC,PMK,IUML,MDMK,CPI(M),CPI,CJP | 39 / 39 |
| United Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2004-2013 | 2009 | DMK,INC,VCK,IUML | 27 / 39 |
| Democratic Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2013-2016 | 2014 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu[6] | DMK,VCK,IUML,MMK,PT | 0 / 39 |
| United Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2016-2023 | 2019 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu | DMK,VCK,IUML,CPI(M),CPI,MDMK,KMDK,IJK | 38 / 39 |
| Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance | |||
| 2023-Present | 2024 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu | DMK,INC ,VCK,IUML,CPI(M),CPI,MDMK,KMDK,MNM | 39 / 39 |
| Duration | Election Year | Allied parties | Contested by | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Progressive Alliance | ||||
| 2004-2013 | 2009 Indian general election | DMK,INC,VCK,IUML | INC | Won |
| DMK-VCK Alliance | ||||
| 2013-2016 | 2014 Indian general election[7] | DMK,VCK,IUML,MMK,PT | DMK | Lost |
| United Progressive Alliance | ||||
| 2016-2023 | 2019 Indian general election | DMK,VCK,IUML,CPI(M),CPI | INC | Won |
| Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance | ||||
| 2023-Present | 2024 Indian general election | DMK,VCK,IUML,CPI(M),CPI,MNM | INC | Won |
| Duration | Election Year | Allied parties | Seats won |
|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Progressive Alliance | |||
ஜனநாயக முற்போக்குக் கூட்டணி | |||
| 2004-2006 | 2006 | DMK,INC,PMK,IUML,CPI(M),CPI,PBK, Forward Bloc (Vallarasu) | 163 / 234 |
| 2006-2011 | 2011 | DMK,INC,PMK,IUML,VCK,KMK,MMK,PMK | 31 / 234 |
| 2011-2016 | 2016 | DMK,INC,IUML,VCK,MMK,PT,PMK,TPWP, SSP | 98 / 234 |
| Secular Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2017-2021 | 2021 | DMK,INC,IUML,VCK,CPI,CPI(M),MMK,MDMK,PMK,KMDK,AIFB, MVK, ATP | 159 / 234 |
| 2025-present | 2026 | DMK,INC,IUML,VCK,CPI,CPI(M),MMK,MDMK,KMDK | |
| Duration | Election Year | Allied parties | Seats won |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2004-2021 | 2006 | DMK,INC,PMK,CPI | 20 / 30 |
| 2011 | DMK,INC,PMK,VCK | 9 / 30 | |
| 2016 | INC,DMK | 18 / 30 | |
| 2021 | INC,DMK,IUML,VCK,CPI,Independent | 9 / 30 | |
| 2025-present | 2026 | DMK,INC,IUML,VCK,CPI,CPI(M),MDMK | |
| # | Party | Abbr. | Flag | Symbol | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK |  |  | M. K. Stalin | |
| 2 | Indian National Congress | INC |  |  | K. Selvaperunthagai | |
| 3 | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | CPI(M) |  | _election_symbol_-_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.svg) | P. Shanmugham | |
| 4 | Communist Party of India | CPI |  |  | R. Mutharasan | |
| 5 | Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi | VCK |  | Thol. Thirumavalavan | ||
| 6 | Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | MDMK |  |  | Vaiko | |
| 7 | Makkal Needhi Maiam | MNM |  |  | Kamal Haasan | |
| 8 | Indian Union Muslim League | IUML |  |  | K. M. Kader Mohideen | |
| 9 | Manithaneya Makkal Katchi | MNMK |  |  | M. H. Jawahirullah | |
| 10 | Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi | KMDK |  | | E. R. Eswaran | |
| 11 | Tamizhaga Vazhvurimai Katchi | TVMK |  | | T. Velmurugan | |
| 12 | Moovendar Munnetra Kazhagam | MMK |  | | G. M. Sreedhar Vandaiyar | |
| 13 | Tamil Nadu Peasants and Workers Party | TNPWP | | | Pon. Kumar | |
| 14 | Adhi Tamilar Peravai | ATP | | | R. Adhiyaman | |
| 15 | Mukkulathor Pulipadai | MKLP | | | Karunas | |
| 16 | Manithaneya Jananayaka Katchi | MJK | | | Thamimun Ansari | |
| 16 | Makkal Viduthalai Katchi | MVK | | | K. Murugavelrajan | |
| 17 | Samathuva Makkal Kazhagam | SMK | | | Ernavoor Narayanan | |
| Party | Abbr. | Ideology | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK | Dravidianism | 126 / 234 | |
| Indian National Congress | INC | Social liberalism | 17 / 234 | |
| Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi | VCK | Anti-casteism andAnti-classism | 4 / 234 | |
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | CPIM | Marxism-Leninism | 2 / 234 | |
| Communist Party of India | CPI | Marxism–Leninism | 2 / 234 | |
| Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | MDMK | Dravidianism | 4 / 234 [a] | |
| Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi | KMDK | Indigenism | 1 / 234 [b] | |
| Manithaneya Makkal Katchi | MMK | Social democracy | 2 / 234 [c] | |
| Tamizhaga Vazhvurimai Katchi | TVK | Populism | 1 / 234 [d] | |
| Party | Abbr. | Ideology | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK | Dravidianism | 6 / 30 | |
| Indian National Congress | INC | Social liberalism | 2 / 30 | |
| Independents | IND | Independent | 4 / 30 | |
| Political Party | State | Date | Reason for Withdrawal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tamizhaga Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam | Tamil Nadu | 2009 | Allied withBSP | |
| Puratchi Bharatham Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2011 | Allied withAIADMK | |
| Pattali Makkal Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2014 | Allied withNDA | |
| Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam | Tamil Nadu | 2019 | Allied withAIADMK | |
| Puthiya Tamilagam | Tamil Nadu | 2019 | Allied withADMK | |
| Perunthalaivar Makkal Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2019 | Allied withAIADMK | |
| Indian Uzhavar Uzhaippalar Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2021 | Allied withAIADMK | |
| Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi | 2021 | Allied withNDA | ||
TheLeft parties defected to theAll India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam(AIADMK)-led front in 2009 after it withdrew support to the Indian National Congress-ledUnited Progressive Alliance coalition in the Centre.
ThePattali Makkal Katchi withdrew support in 2008 over differences with the DMK but it still remained in the Congress-led UPA in the Centre. But after differences over seat sharing before the15th Lok Sabha, it withdrew support to the UPA also and crossed over to the AIADMK-led front.
TheManithaneya Makkal Katchi was formed in 2009 by theTamil Nadu Muslim Munnetra Kazagham and immediately joined the DPA. But before theLok Sabhaelections, its demand for two Lok Sabha seats and oneRajya Sabha seat was turned down by the DMK which offered them a lone Lok Sabha seat. The MMK withdrew from the DPA and as of now tied up with small parties like actorSarath Kumar-led Akila Indiya Samathuva Makkal Katchi, the Puthiya Tamilzhagam and theBharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
