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DLX1

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Not to be confused withDLX-001.

DLX1

Identifiers

Aliases

DLX1, Dlx, Dlx-1, distal-less homeobox 1

External IDs

OMIM:600029;MGI:94901;HomoloGene:22558;GeneCards:DLX1;OMA:DLX1 - orthologs

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 2 (human)^[1]

Band	2q31.1	Start	172,084,740bp^[1]
Band	2q31.1	End	172,089,677bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.	Chromosome 2 (mouse)^[2]

Band	2 C2\|2 42.61 cM	Start	71,358,457bp^[2]
Band	2 C2\|2 42.61 cM	End	71,364,325bp^[2]

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

middle temporal gyrus

testicle

anterior cingulate cortex

endothelial cell

ganglionic eminence

prefrontal cortex

Brodmann area 23

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

primary visual cortex

Brodmann area 9

Top expressed in

medial ganglionic eminence

olfactory bulb

nasolacrimal duct

Rostral migratory stream

otic vesicle

otic placode

lateral septal nucleus

fossa

paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus

maxillary prominence

More reference expression data

BioGPS

n/a

Gene ontology
Molecular function	DNA binding sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding chromatin binding protein binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity
Cellular component	nucleus
Biological process	negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron differentiation proximal/distal pattern formation cell differentiation regulation of transcription, DNA-templated regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II embryonic skeletal system development multicellular organism development odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron fate commitment negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation forebrain neuron differentiation hippocampus development subpallium development negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway positive regulation of cell differentiation negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation positive regulation of amacrine cell differentiation negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus cellular response to BMP stimulus negative regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus transcription, DNA-templated
Sources:Amigo /QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


1745


13390

Ensembl


ENSG00000144355


ENSMUSG00000041911

UniProt


P56177


Q64317

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_001038493 NM_178120


NM_010053

RefSeq (protein)


NP_001033582 NP_835221


NP_034183

Location (UCSC)

Chr 2: 172.08 – 172.09 Mb

Chr 2: 71.36 – 71.36 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Homeobox proteinDLX-1 is aprotein that in humans is encoded by theDLX1gene.^[5]^[6]

Function

[edit]

This gene encodes a member of ahomeobox transcription factor gene family similar to theDrosophila distal-less gene. The encoded protein is localized to the nucleus where it may function as a transcriptional regulator of signals from multipleTGF-β superfamily members. The encoded protein may play a role in the control ofcraniofacial patterning and thedifferentiation and survival of inhibitoryneurons in theforebrain. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the family on the long arm ofchromosome 2.Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding differentisoforms have been described.^[6]

References

[edit]

^^a ^b ^cGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000144355 –Ensembl, May 2017
^^a ^b ^cGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000041911 –Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Simeone A, Acampora D, Pannese M, D'Esposito M, Stornaiuolo A, Gulisano M, Mallamaci A, Kastury K, Druck T, Huebner K, et al. (Apr 1994)."Cloning and characterization of two members of the vertebrate Dlx gene family".Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.91 (6):2250–4.Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.2250S.doi:10.1073/pnas.91.6.2250.PMC 43348.PMID 7907794.
^^a ^b"Entrez Gene: DLX1 distal-less homeobox 1".

Letinic K, Zoncu R, Rakic P (2002). "Origin of GABAergic neurons in the human neocortex".Nature.417 (6889):645–9.Bibcode:2002Natur.417..645L.doi:10.1038/nature00779.PMID 12050665.S2CID 4349070.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003)."Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences".Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.99 (26):16899–903.Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M.doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899.PMC 139241.PMID 12477932.
Chiba S, Takeshita K, Imai Y, et al. (2004)."Homeoprotein DLX-1 interacts with Smad4 and blocks a signaling pathway from activin A in hematopoietic cells".Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.100 (26):15577–82.doi:10.1073/pnas.2536757100.PMC 307610.PMID 14671321.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004)."Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs".Nat. Genet.36 (1):40–5.doi:10.1038/ng1285.PMID 14702039.
Zhou QP, Le TN, Qiu X, et al. (2004)."Identification of a direct Dlx homeodomain target in the developing mouse forebrain and retina by optimization of chromatin immunoprecipitation".Nucleic Acids Res.32 (3):884–92.doi:10.1093/nar/gkh233.PMC 373381.PMID 14769946.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004)."The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)".Genome Res.14 (10B):2121–7.doi:10.1101/gr.2596504.PMC 528928.PMID 15489334.
Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network".Nature.437 (7062):1173–8.Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R.doi:10.1038/nature04209.PMID 16189514.S2CID 4427026.
Hamilton SP, Woo JM, Carlson EJ, et al. (2006)."Analysis of four DLX homeobox genes in autistic probands".BMC Genet.6: 52.doi:10.1186/1471-2156-6-52.PMC 1310613.PMID 16266434.

Transcription factors andintracellular receptors

(1) Basic domains

(1.1) Basicleucine zipper (bZIP)

Activating transcription factor
- AATF
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
AP-1
- c-Fos
- FOSB
- FOSL1
- FOSL2
- JDP2
- c-Jun
- JUNB
- JunD
BACH
- 1
- 2
BATF
BLZF1
C/EBP
- α
- β
- γ
- δ
- ε
- ζ
CREB
- 1
- 3
- L1
CREM
DBP
DDIT3
GABPA
GCN4
HLF
MAF
- B
- sMaf
  - F
  - G
  - K
NFE
- 2
- L1
- L2
- L3
NFIL3
NRL
NRF
- 1
- 2
- 3
XBP1

(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)

Group A	AS-C ASCL1 ASCL2 ATOH1 HAND 1 2 MESP2 Myogenic regulatory factors MyoD Myogenin MYF5 MYF6 NeuroD 1 2 Neurogenins 1 2 3 OLIG 1 2 Paraxis TCF15 Scleraxis SLC LYL1 TAL 1 2 Twist
Group B	FIGLA Myc c-Myc l-Myc n-Myc MXD4 TCF4
Group C bHLH-PAS	AhR AHRR ARNT ARNTL ARNTL2 CLOCK HIF 1A EPAS1 3A NPAS 1 2 3 PER 1 2 3 Period SIM 1 2
Group D	BHLH 2 3 9 Pho4 ID 1 2 3 4
Group E	HES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 HEY 1 2 L
Group F bHLH-COE	EBF1

(1.3)bHLH-ZIP

(1.4) NF-1

NFI
- A
- B
- C
- X
SMAD
- R-SMAD
  - 1
  - 2
  - 3
  - 5
  - 9
- I-SMAD
  - 6
  - 7
- 4)

(1.5) RF-X

RFX
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- ANK

(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)

AP-2
- α
- β
- γ
- δ
- ε

(2)Zinc finger DNA-binding domains

(2.1)Nuclear receptor(Cys₄)

subfamily 1	Thyroid hormone α β CAR FXR LXR α β PPAR α β/δ γ PXR RAR α β γ ROR α β γ Rev-ErbA α β VDR
subfamily 2	COUP-TF (I II Ear-2 HNF4 α γ PNR RXR α β γ Testicular receptor 2 4 TLX
subfamily 3	Steroid hormone Androgen Estrogen α β Glucocorticoid Mineralocorticoid Progesterone Estrogen related α β γ
subfamily 4	NUR NGFIB NOR1 NURR1
subfamily 5	LRH-1 SF1
subfamily 6	GCNF
subfamily 0	DAX1 SHP

(2.2) Other Cys₄

GATA
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
MTA
- 1
- 2
- 3
TRPS1

(2.3) Cys₂His₂

General transcription factors
- TFIIA
- TFIIB
- TFIID
- TFIIE
  - 1
  - 2
- TFIIF
- 1
- 2
  - TFIIH
  - 1
  - 2
  - 4
  - 2I
  - 3A
  - 3C1
  - 3C2

ATBF1
BCL
- 6
- 11A
- 11B
CTCF
E4F1
EGR
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
ERV3
GFI1
GLI family
- 1
- 2
- 3
- REST
- S1
- S2
- YY1
HIC
- 1
- 2
HIVEP
- 1
- 2
- 3
IKZF
- 1
- 2
- 3
ILF
- 2
- 3
Sp/KLF family
- KLF
  - 1
  - 2
  - 3
  - 4
  - 5
  - 6
  - 7
  - 8
  - 9
  - 10
  - 11
  - 12
  - 13
  - 14
  - 15
  - 17
- SP
  - 1
  - 2
  - 4
  - 7
  - 8
MTF1
MYT1
OSR1
PRDM9
SALL
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
TSHZ3
WT1
Zbtb7
- 7A
- 7B
ZBTB
- 11
- 16
- 17
- 20
- 21
- 32
- 33
- 40
zinc finger
- 3
- 7
- 9
- 10
- 19
- 22
- 24
- 33B
- 34
- 35
- 41
- 43
- 44
- 51
- 74
- 143
- 146
- 148
- 165
- 202
- 217
- 219
- 238
- 239
- 259
- 267
- 268
- 281
- 300
- 318
- 330
- 346
- 350
- 365
- 366
- 384
- 423
- 451
- 452
- 471
- 593
- 638
- 644
- 649
- 655
- 804A

(2.4) Cys₆

HIVEP1

(2.5) Alternating composition

AIRE
DIDO1
GRLF1
ING
- 1
- 2
- 4
JARID
- 1A
- 1B
- 1C
- 1D
- 2
JMJD1B

(2.6) WRKY

WRKY

(3)Helix-turn-helixdomains

(3.1)Homeodomain

Antennapedia
ANTP class

protoHOX Hox-like	ParaHox Gsx 1 2 Xlox PDX1 Cdx 1 2 4 extended Hox:Evx1 Evx2 MEOX1 MEOX2 Homeobox A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A7 A9 A10 A11 A13 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B13 C4 C5 C6 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 D1 D3 D4 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 GBX1 GBX2 MNX1
metaHOX NK-like	BARHL1 BARHL2 BARX1 BARX2 BSX DBX 1 2 DLX 1 2 3 4 5 6 EMX 1 2 EN 1 2 HHEX HLX LBX1 LBX2 MSX 1 2 NANOG NKX 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-5 3-1 3-2 HMX1 HMX2 HMX3 6-1 6-2 NOTO TLX1 TLX2 TLX3 VAX1 VAX2

other

ARX
CRX
CUTL1
FHL
- 1
- 2
- 3
HESX1
HOPX
LMX
- 1A
- 1B
NOBOX
TALE
- IRX
  - 1
  - 2
  - 3
  - 4
  - 5
  - 6
  - MKX
- MEIS
  - 1
  - 2
- PBX
  - 1
  - 2
  - 3
- PKNOX
  - 1
  - 2
- SIX
  - 1
  - 2
  - 3
  - 4
  - 5
PHF
- 1
- 3
- 6
- 8
- 10
- 16
- 17
- 20
- 21A
POU domain
- PIT-1
- BRN-3:A
- B
- C
- Octamer transcription factor:1
- 2
- 3/4
- 6
- 7
- 11
SATB2
ZEB
- 1
- 2

(3.2) Paired box

PAX
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
PRRX
- 1
- 2
PROP1
PHOX
- 2A
- 2B
RAX
SHOX
SHOX2
VSX1
VSX2
Bicoid
- GSC
- BICD2
- OTX
  - 1
  - 2
- PITX
  - 1
  - 2
  - 3

(3.3)Fork head /winged helix

E2F
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
FOX proteins
- A1
- A2
- A3
- B1
- B2
- C1
- C2
- D1
- D2
- D3
- D4
- D4L1
- D4L3
- D4L4
- D4L5
- D4L6
- E1
- E3
- F1
- F2
- G1
- H1
- I1
- I2
- I3
- J1
- J2
- J3
- K1
- K2
- L1
- L2
- M1
- N1
- N2
- N3
- N4
- O1
- O3
- O4
- O6
- P1
- P2
- P3
- P4
- Q1
- R1
- R2
- S1

(3.4)Heat shock factors

HSF
- 1
- 2
- 4

(3.5) Tryptophan clusters

ELF
- 2
- 4
- 5
EHF
ELK
- 1
- 3
- 4
ERF
ETS
- 1
- 2
- ERG
- SPIB
ETV
- 1
- 4
- 5
- 6
FLI1
Interferon regulatory factors
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
MYB
MYBL2

(3.6) TEA domain

transcriptional enhancer factor
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4

(4)β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts

(4.1)Rel homology region	NF-κB NFKB1 NFKB2 REL RELA RELB NFAT C1 C2 C3 C4 5
(4.2)STAT	STAT 1 2 3 4 5 6
(4.3) p53-like	p53 p63 p73 family p53 TP63 p73 TBX 1 2 3 5 19 21 22 TBR1 TBR2 TFT MYRF
(4.4)MADS box	Mef2 A B C D SRF
(4.6)TATA-binding proteins	TBP TBPL1
(4.7)High-mobility group	BBX HMGB 1 2 3 4 HMGN 1 2 3 4 HNF 1A 1B SOX 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 21 SRY SSRP1 TCF/LEF TCF 1 3 4 LEF1 TOX 1 2 3 4
(4.9) Grainyhead	TFCP2
(4.10) Cold-shock domain	CSDA YBX1
(4.11) Runt	CBF CBFA2T2 CBFA2T3 RUNX1 RUNX2 RUNX3 RUNX1T1

(0) Other transcription factors

(0.2) HMGI(Y)	HMGA 1 2 HBP1
(0.3)Pocket domain	Rb RBL1 RBL2
(0.5)AP-2/EREBP-related factors	Apetala 2 EREBP B3
(0.6) Miscellaneous	ARID 1A 1B 2 3A 3B 4A CAP IFI 16 35 MLL 2 3 T1 MNDA NFY A B C Rho/Sigma

see alsotranscription factor/coregulator deficiencies

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References

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