D site of albumin promoter (albumin D-box) binding protein, also known asDBP, is a protein which in humans is encoded by theDBPgene.[5][6]
DBP is a member of the PAR bZIP (Proline andAcidic amino acid-Richbasic leucineZIPper)transcription factor family.[5][7]DBP binds to an upstream promoter in theinsulin gene.[8]
DBP was shown to follow a stringent circadian rhythm;[9] both the levels of protein andmRNA are almost non-detectable in the morning, but reach their maximum level in the evening.
The circadian rhythm of the expression of DBP wasdiscovered by chance in the laboratory ofUeli Schibler at theUniversity of Geneva in 1990.[10][11] Acanadian postdoc working in the lab, Chris Mueller, had identified the DBP transcription factor.[12] However, when a new PhD student in the lab, Jérôme Wuarin, took over the project on DBP, he failed to observe any expression of the protein, and initially thought that the original experiment was flawed. It was later discovered that the two researchers were working at different times of the day: Chris Mueller was a night owl and a late riser, and would isolate the transcription factor by mid-afternoon, while Jérôme Wuarin was an early riser and obtained the sample at 7:00. Following this discovery, Jérôme Wuarin repeated the experiment every 4 hour during a full day, and found that the expression of DBP changed by a 100-fold factor over the day, ranging from being undetectable in the morning to being easy to find in the afternoon.[9] While many genes have been found to be transcribed rhythmically since this discovery, DBP remains the one that has the largest amplitude between its minimum and maximum expression.
While the researchers initially thought that the underlying mechanism was the rhythmic secretion ofhormones, it became clear that the rhythmic expression of DBP was driven instead by cell-autonomousoscillators that are entrained by the master clock in theSuprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN). Schibler and his colleagues followed this line of inquiry into the field of chronobiology.[13]
^Szpirer C, Riviere M, Cortese R, Nakamura T, Islam MQ, Levan G, et al. (June 1992). "Chromosomal localization in man and rat of the genes encoding the liver-enriched transcription factors C/EBP, DBP, and HNF1/LFB-1 (CEBP, DBP, and transcription factor 1, TCF1, respectively) and of the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor gene (HGF)".Genomics.13 (2):293–300.doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90245-N.PMID1535333.
^Khatib ZA, Inaba T, Valentine M, Look AT (September 1994). "Chromosomal localization and cDNA cloning of the human DBP and TEF genes".Genomics.23 (2):344–351.doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1510.PMID7835883.
^abWuarin J, Schibler U (December 1990). "Expression of the liver-enriched transcriptional activator protein DBP follows a stringent circadian rhythm".Cell.63 (6):1257–1266.doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90421-a.PMID2261643.
^Mueller CR, Maire P, Schibler U (April 1990). "DBP, a liver-enriched transcriptional activator, is expressed late in ontogeny and its tissue specificity is determined posttranscriptionally".Cell.61 (2):279–291.doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90808-r.PMID2331750.
Brown SA, Schibler U (October 1999). "The ins and outs of circadian timekeeping".Current Opinion in Genetics & Development.9 (5):588–594.doi:10.1016/S0959-437X(99)00009-X.PMID10508692.
Szpirer C, Riviere M, Cortese R, Nakamura T, Islam MQ, Levan G, et al. (June 1992). "Chromosomal localization in man and rat of the genes encoding the liver-enriched transcription factors C/EBP, DBP, and HNF1/LFB-1 (CEBP, DBP, and transcription factor 1, TCF1, respectively) and of the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor gene (HGF)".Genomics.13 (2):293–300.doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90245-N.PMID1535333.
Khatib ZA, Inaba T, Valentine M, Look AT (September 1994). "Chromosomal localization and cDNA cloning of the human DBP and TEF genes".Genomics.23 (2):344–351.doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1510.PMID7835883.
Nyunoya H, Morita T, Sato T, Honma S, Tsujimoto A, Shimotohno K (October 1994). "Cloning of a cDNA encoding a DNA-binding protein TAXREB302 that is specific for the tax-responsive enhancer of HTLV-I".Gene.148 (2):371–373.doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90716-1.PMID7958972.
Nyunoya H, Morita T, Sato T, Honma S, Tsujimoto A, Shimotohno K (April 1993). "Cloning of a cDNA encoding a DNA-binding protein TAXREB302 that is specific for the tax-responsive enhancer of HTLV-I".Gene.126 (2):251–255.doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90375-D.PMID8482542.
Picketts DJ, Lillicrap DP, Mueller CR (February 1993). "Synergy between transcription factors DBP and C/EBP compensates for a haemophilia B Leyden factor IX mutation".Nature Genetics.3 (2):175–179.doi:10.1038/ng0293-175.PMID8499951.S2CID6392603.
Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, Liu W, Gibbs RA (April 1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction".Analytical Biochemistry.236 (1):107–113.doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138.PMID8619474.
Shutler G, Glassco T, Kang X, Korneluk R, Mueller CR (June 1996). "Genomic structure of the human D-site binding protein (DBP) gene".Genomics.34 (3):334–339.doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0295.PMID8786133.
Stubbs L, Carver E, Ashworth L, Lopez-Molina L (January 1996). "Location of the DBP transcription factor gene in human and mouse".Mammalian Genome.7 (1):65–67.doi:10.1007/s003359900016.PMID8903733.S2CID40284548.
Begbie M, Mueller C, Lillicrap D (February 1999). "Enhanced binding of HLF/DBP heterodimers represents one mechanism of PAR protein transactivation of the factor VIII and factor IX genes".DNA and Cell Biology.18 (2):165–173.doi:10.1089/104454999315556.PMID10073576.
Smith JS, Tachibana I, Pohl U, Lee HK, Thanarajasingam U, Portier BP, et al. (February 2000). "A transcript map of the chromosome 19q-arm glioma tumor suppressor region".Genomics.64 (1):44–50.doi:10.1006/geno.1999.6101.PMID10708517.
