_ESO-1978-09-29.jpg) Comet Haneda–Campos photographed from theEuropean Southern Observatory on 29 September 1978 | |
| Discovery[1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Toshio Haneda José S. Campos |
| Discovery site | Fukushima, Japan Durban, South Africa |
| Discovery date | 1 September 1978 |
| Designations | |
| 1978 XX, 1978j[2] | |
| Orbital characteristics[4] | |
| Epoch | 28 September 1978 (JD 2443773.5) |
| Observation arc | 122 days |
| Earliestprecovery date | 9 August 1978 |
| Number of observations | 62 |
| Aphelion | 5.479 AU |
| Perihelion | 1.101 AU |
| Semi-major axis | 3.290 AU |
| Eccentricity | 0.66524 |
| Orbital period | 5.968 years |
| Avg.orbital speed | 10 km/s |
| Inclination | 5.947° |
| 132.25° | |
| Argument of periapsis | 240.46° |
| Last perihelion |
|
| Next perihelion | 18 September 2029[3] (calculated) |
| TJupiter | 2.763 |
| EarthMOID | 0.135 AU |
| JupiterMOID | 0.331 AU |
| Physical characteristics[5] | |
| Comet total magnitude (M1) | 12.8 |
| Comet nuclear magnitude (M2) | 18.0 |
| 9.0 (1978 apparition) | |
Comet Haneda–Campos, formally designated asD/1978 R1, was aperiodic comet with a 5.97-year elliptical orbit around theSun.[4] It was never successfully recovered during its 1984 and 1991 apparitions, and is now consideredlost.[5]
The comet was independently discovered byToshio Haneda andJosé da Silva Campos about nine hours apart from each other on the night of 1 September 1978. At the time of discovery, the comet was a diffuse 9th-10th magnitude object within the constellationMicroscopium.[a] Their discoveries were later confirmed byJohn C. Bennett on 5 September 1978.[1]
_ESO-1978-08-09.jpg)
Precovery images of the comet were found to have been taken between 9 and 11 August 1984, from thePerth andPalomar observatories,[6][7] which enabledBrian G. Marsden to refine the orbital calculations for the comet.[6] Based on Marsden's calculations, the comet made two close encounters withJupiter in 1957 and 1969, where the comet approached at a distance of 0.3–0.4 AU (45–60 million km) from the giant planet.[7]
The comet made its closest approach withEarth at a distance of 0.154 AU (23.0 million km) on 9 September 1978.[5] It remained as a 10th-magnitude object at the time of its closest Earth encounter, leading astronomers to believe the comet was indeed an intrinsically faint object.[8] It rapidly faded away throughout late September and October, until it was last seen as an 18th-magnitude object on 29 November 1978.[5]
Brian G. Marsden andShuichi Nakano independently calculated the comet's next perihelia by using 24–55 positions recorded between July and November 1978, and both predicted the comet's return in 1984 and 1991 respectively.[9] However, astronomers failed to recover the comet during both apparitions. It is theorized that the comet was at an outburst during its discovery, and is actually usually fainter than what was observed in 1978.[10]
On 24 December 1984, a faint comet-like object was spotted byTsutomu Seki, where he initially thought it was the same comet as Haneda–Campos.[11] However, subsequent orbital calculations of this object did not in fact match that of D/1978 R1.[b] As of 2025[update], the comet remainslost, though the search continues as it approaches its next perihelion in 2029, where it is expected to make another close approach toEarth like it did in 1978.[13]
The comet is the parent body of ameteor shower called theOctober Capricornids.[14] First observed in 1971 and 1987,[15] this meteor shower produced about 2–3 meteors per hour at its peak activity. It was again observed from Spain between 1985 and 1988.[16]
Ameteoroid originating from Comet Haneda–Campos produced a brightfireball on 3 October 2021, which fell in the night sky overGranada, Spain around 19:41UTC.[17]
Detailed computer models usingMARSIS data had predicted that debris from Haneda–Campos may have caused a meteor shower to occur onMars in 2007, however no such event was observed.[18]
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