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Cyrillization of Arabic is the conversion of text written inArabic script intoCyrillic script. Because the Arabic script is anabjad (a writing system without vowels), an accuratetransliteration into Cyrillic, analphabet, would still require prior knowledge of the subject language to read. Instead, systems oftranscription have normally been used.

Note: The following tables use the letter hamza (ء) as a carrier to illustrate the use of diacritics. It is not part of these signs.

To record short vowels after a consonant, optional signs (fatḥah, ḍammah, kasrah) are used above this consonant. To write long vowels, the same signs are used plus the corresponding consonant letter.

Theglottal stop (in Arabic hamza ) has complex notation rules. It can be written as a single character on the line ⟨ﺀ⟩, thus not distinguishing itself from other consonants, but much more often it is written above or below three carrier letters: alif, vav, ya. At the same time, hamza, like any consonant, can be both before and after a vowel. At the beginning of words, the hamza is written exclusively above or below the alif.The combination "alif-hamza + fatha + alif" (that is, أَا) is written in a special way through alif-madda.The absence of a hamza is occasionally recorded with a wasla sign (usually used only before the initial alif).In unvoiced texts, even the complete absence of over- or signed hamza is possible (thus hamza is indistinguishable from vav and ya), which further complicates transcription. Hamza is almost never written over the alif of the definite article.

As with the hamza, there are some difficulties in rendering the Arabic definite article. In neutral position, it is read and transcribed as al- ( el- ). In certain positions, the sound - l - can be assimilated with the subsequent consonant (see more atSun and moon letters). After vowels, the initial a - ( e -) usually disappears (the so-called wallowing).

The term ‘’nunation’’ (or ‘’tanwīn’’ ) in Arabic grammar refers to the case endings of the “indefinite state” (corresponds to the indefinite article in other languages). Sometimes, for historical reasons, after the nunation, the silent letters alif-maksura or a simple alif are additionally written.

• sukun over a consonant denotes the absence of any vowel after that consonant (including hamza ). Not transcribed at all.
• shaddah over a consonant denotes the doubling of that consonant. Transcribed accordingly by doubling the letters (special case:дждж →ддж ).

• Гиляревский, Р. С., ed. (2004).Praktičeskaja transkripcija familʹno-imennyx gruppПрактическая транскрипция фамильно-именных групп (in Russian). Москва: Физматлит. pp. 46–59.ISBN 9785020337183.
• Савина, В. И.; Цельникер, С. С. (1966). Наджарова, Н. М. (ed.).Instrukcija po peredače na kartax geografičeskix nazvanij arabskix stranИнструкция по передаче на картах географических названий арабских стран (in Russian). Москва: Наука.OCLC 899851736.
• Сердюченко, Г. П. (1967). "Arabskij jazyk"Арабский язык.Russkaja transkripcija dlja jazykov zarubežnovo VostokaРусская транскрипция для языков зарубежного Востока (in Russian). Москва: Наука. pp. 104–115.OCLC 1906956.
• Юшманов, Н. В. (1928). "Pisʹmo i čtenije"Письмо и чтение.Grammatika literaturnovo arabskovo jazykaГрамматика литературного арабского языка (in Russian). pp. 6–18.OCLC 247994734.

• Cyrillization
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