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Cynarctina

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Extinct subtribe of carnivores

Cynarctina Temporal range:Early Miocene–Middle Miocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Canidae
Subfamily:	†Borophaginae
Tribe:	†Borophagini
Subtribe:	†Cynarctina
Genera
Paracynarctus Cynarctus

Cynarctina is an extinctclade of theBorophaginae subfamily ofcanids native toNorth America.^[1]They lived from the Early to MiddleMiocene 16.0—10.3Ma, existing for approximately5.7 million years. Cynarctines had rounded cusps on the molar teeth, similar to those seen in living bears, suggesting that they were likely omnivores.^[2]

References

[edit]

^X. Wang, R. H. Tedford, and B. E. Taylor. 1999. Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora: Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 243:1-392
^Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H. (2008).Dogs, Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. Columbia. p. 34.ISBN 978-0-231-13528-3.

ExtinctCanidae

KingdomAnimalia
PhylumChordata
ClassMammalia
Order:Carnivora
Suborder:Caniformia

Canidae

†Prohesperocyon

†Hesperocyoninae

Hesperocyon Mesocyon Cynodesmus Sunkahetanka Philotrox Enhydrocyon Paraenhydrocyon Caedocyon Ectopocynus
Osbornodon	O. brachypus O. fricki O. iamonensis O. renjiei O. sesnoni O. scitulus O. wangi

†Borophaginae

Phlaocyonini

Cynarctoides
Phlaocyon	P. achoros P. annectens P. latidens P. leucosteus P. mariae P. marslandensis P. minor P. multicuspus P. taylori P. yatkolai

Borophagini

Cynarctina

Paracynarctus
Cynarctus

Aelurodontina

Tomarctus
Aelurodon

Borophagina

Paratomarctus Carpocyon Protepicyon Epicyon
Borophagus	B. diversidens B. dudleyi B. hilli B. littoralis B. orc B. parvus B. pugnator B. secundus

Caninae	see below↓

Caninae

†Leptocyon
†Metalopex

Urocyon	†U. citrinus †U. galushai †U. minicephalus †U. progressus †U. webbi

Vulpini

†Ferrucyon †Prototocyon
Nyctereutes (raccoon dogs)	†N. abdeslami †N. donnezani †N. lockwoodi †N. megamastoides †N. sinensis †N. tingi †N. vinetorum
Vulpes (true foxes)	†V. hassani †V. odessana †V. praeglacialis †V. qiuzhudingi †V. riffautae †V. rooki †V. skinneri †V. stenognathus

Canini(true dogs)

†Canis gezi
†Nurocyon

Cerdocyonina
(zorro)

†Protocyon †Theriodictis
Speothos	†Pleistocene bush dog (S. pacivorus)
†Dusicyon	Falkland Islands wolf (D. australis) D. avus D. cultridens
Lycalopex (South American foxes)	†L. cultridens (?) †L. ensenadensis

Canina(wolf-like canids)	see below↓

Falkland Islands wolf (Dusicyon australis)

Canina(wolf-like canids)

Canina

†Eucyon	E. davisi E. debonisi E. ferox E. intrepidus E. khoikhoi E. kuta E. marinae E. minor E. monticinensis E. skinneri E. wokari E. zhoui
Lycaon	†L. magnus †L. sekowei
Dhole (Cuon alpinus)	†C. a. antiquus †C. a. caucasicus †European dhole (C. a. europaeus) †Tien Shan dhole (C. a. hesperius)

Canis

Coyote (C. latrans)	†Pleistocene coyote (C. l. orcutti)
Red wolf (C. rufus)	†Florida black wolf (C. r. floridanus) †Gregory's wolf (C. r. gregoryi)

Wolf (C. lupus)

†Prehistoric

†Recently
extinct

Sicilian wolf (C. l. cristaldii) Hokkaido wolf (C. l. hattai) Japanese wolf (C. l. hodophilax) Austro-Hungarian wolf
Synonymized underC. l. arctos:Bernard's wolf (C. l. bernardi)
Synonymized underC. l. occidentalis:Kenai Peninsula wolf (C. l. alces) Manitoba wolf (C. l. griseoalbus)
Synonymized underC. l. nubilus:Newfoundland wolf (C. l. beothucus) Cascade mountain wolf (C. l. fuscus) Mogollon mountain wolf (C. l. mogollonensis) Texas wolf (C. l. monstrabilis) Southern Rocky Mountain wolf (C. l. youngi)