Cusco | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Machu Picchu, the lost city of theInca | |
 Coat of arms | |
.svg) Location of Cusco within Peru | |
| Coordinates:13°16′S72°07′W / 13.26°S 72.11°W /-13.26; -72.11 | |
| Country | Peru |
| Established | April 26, 1822 |
| Capital | Cusco |
| Provinces | |
| Government | |
| • Type | Regional Government |
| • Governor | Jean Paul Benavente García[1] |
| Area | |
• Total | 71,986 km2 (27,794 sq mi) |
| Elevation (Capital) | 3,399 m (11,152 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 4,801 m (15,751 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 532 m (1,745 ft) |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total |  1,380,600 |
| Demonym | cusqueño/a |
| UBIGEO | 08 |
| Dialing code | 0484 |
| ISO 3166 code | PE-CUS |
| Principal resources | Gold,maize,barley,quinoa, andtea |
| Poverty rate |  20.3% |
| Percentage of Peru'sGDP | 4.4% |
| Website | www.regioncusco.gob.pe/ |
Cusco, also spelledCuzco (Spanish pronunciation:[ˈkusko];Aymara andQuechua:Qusqu[ˈqɔsqɔ]), is adepartment of Peru. It is the fourth-largest in the country, afterMadre de Dios,Ucayali, andLoreto, and borders the departments ofUcayali on the north;Madre de Dios andPuno on the east;Arequipa on the south; andApurímac,Ayacucho andJunín on the west. It is administered by aregional government. Its capital isCusco, the historical capital of theInca Empire.[2]
The department was created by theReglamento Provisional de Elecciones, published on April 26, 1822, which established the department of Cuzco alongside those ofArequipa,Huamanga,Huancavelica andPuno.[3]
The plain of Anta contains some of the best communal cultivated lands of the Department of Cusco. It is located about 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) above sea level and is used to cultivate mainly high altitude crops such aspotatoes,tarwi (ediblelupin),barley andquinoa.[citation needed]
According to the2007 Peru Census, the language learnt first by most of the residents wasQuechua (51.40%), followed bySpanish (46.86%). The Quechua variety spoken in this department isCusco Quechua.
The following table shows the results concerning the language learnt first in the Department of Cusco by province:[4]
| Province | Quechua | Aymara | Asháninka | Another native language | Spanish | Foreign language | Deaf or mute | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acomayo | 22,262 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 3,117 | - | 52 | 25,449 |
| Anta | 36,512 | 42 | 3 | 10 | 15,248 | 8 | 132 | 51,955 |
| Calca | 43,008 | 101 | 4 | 117 | 18,128 | 13 | 142 | 61,513 |
| Canas | 32,790 | 31 | 6 | 11 | 2,910 | - | 40 | 35,788 |
| Canchis | 53,695 | 107 | 5 | 7 | 37,702 | 2 | 120 | 91,638 |
| Chumbivilcas | 64,087 | 102 | 9 | 1 | 6,063 | 2 | 104 | 70,368 |
| Cusco | 63,675 | 781 | 94 | 306 | 282,610 | 1,521 | 466 | 349,453 |
| Espinar | 40,594 | 120 | 8 | 1 | 18,116 | 6 | 71 | 58,916 |
| La Convención | 62,145 | 276 | 2,802 | 9,278 | 81,111 | 120 | 318 | 156,050 |
| Paruro | 26,707 | 53 | 5 | 1 | 2,192 | 1 | 42 | 29,001 |
| Paucartambo | 35,996 | 95 | 15 | 207 | 5,682 | 9 | 65 | 42,069 |
| Quispicanchi | 57,587 | 152 | 11 | 12 | 18,562 | 20 | 86 | 76,430 |
| Urubamba | 27,523 | 104 | 4 | 9 | 25,075 | 823 | 68 | 53,606 |
| Total | 566,581 | 1,976 | 2,968 | 9,964 | 516,516 | 2,525 | 1,706 | 1,102,236 |
| % | 51.40 | 0.18 | 0.27 | 0.90 | 46.86 | 0.23 | 0.15 | 100.00 |
Many of thetoponyms of the Department of Cusco originate fromQuechua and alsoAymara. These names are overwhelmingly predominant throughout the region. Their Spanish-based orthography, however, is in conflict with the normalised alphabets of these languages. According to Article 20 ofDecreto Supremo No 004-2016-MC (Supreme Decree) which approves the Regulations to Law 29735, published in the official newspaper El Peruano on July 22, 2016, adequate spellings of the toponyms in the normalised alphabets of the indigenous languages must progressively be proposed with the aim of standardising the naming used by theNational Geographic Institute The National Geographic Institute realises the necessary changes in the official maps of Peru.[5]
The Ministry of Culture additionally proposes to the municipalities of the provinces to recover ancient indigenous toponyms and that these names should be spread by the local and communal authorities on posters and other signage.[5]
Italics indicate provinces under a special regime. TheConstitutional Province of Callao does not belong to any region. |
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