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Curcuma

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Genus of flowering plants in the ginger family Zingiberaceae

Curcuma
Curcuma zedoaria: illustration fromKöhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen, 1896
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Tracheophytes
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Monocots
Clade:Commelinids
Order:Zingiberales
Family:Zingiberaceae
Subfamily:Zingiberoideae
Tribe:Zingibereae
Genus:Curcuma
L.nom. cons.
Synonyms[1]
11 synonyms
  • DischemaVoigt
  • ErndliaGiseke
  • HitcheniaWall.
  • Hitcheniopsis(Baker) Ridl.
  • KuaRheede ex Medic.
  • LaosanthusK.Larsen & Jenjitt.
  • ParacautleyaR.M.Sm.
  • SmithatrisW.J.Kress & K.Larsen
  • StahlianthusKuntze
  • StisseraGisekenom. illeg.
  • ZedoariaRaf.nom. nud.

Curcuma (/ˈkɜːrkjʊmə/)[2] is agenus of plants in the ginger familyZingiberaceae that contains such species asturmeric andSiam tulip. They are native to Southeast Asia, southern China, the Indian Subcontinent, New Guinea and northern Australia.[3] Some species are reportedly naturalized in other warm parts of the world such as tropical Africa, Central America, Florida, and various islands of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Generally, most curcuma grows well in loose and sandy soil in shaded areas.[1][4]

Botanical description

[edit]
Curcuma rhizome, sections and powder

Curcuma is aperennial,herbaceous plant that can reach a height of 1 meter. It emits numerous, ediblerhizomes whose interiors are yellow or orange. These rhizomes are reduced to a powder, which is the spice called curcuma. Itslanceolate leaves are oblong or elliptical and are of a uniform green, and about 50cm long and 7 to 25 cm wide.[5]

Uses

[edit]

The name is derived from the Sanskritkuṅkuma, referring toturmeric. Turmeric is used to flavour or colour curry powders, mustards, butters, and cheeses; it may also be used as a substitute forsaffron or other yellowish pigments.[6]

Species

[edit]
Curcuma euchroma
Curcuma inodora
A. Bernecker:Curcuma longa
Curcuma longa

As of February 2025[update],Plants of the World Online accepts the following 167 species:[1]

Gallery

[edit]
  • Curcuma aeruginosa
    Curcuma aeruginosa
  • Curcuma longa
    Curcuma longa
  • Curcuma sp.
    Curcuma sp.
  • Curcuma sp.
    Curcuma sp.

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toCurcuma.
Wikispecies has information related toCurcuma.
  1. ^abc"Curcuma L."Plants of the World Online.Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2025. Retrieved28 February 2025.
  2. ^"curcuma".Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d.
  3. ^"Curcuma [family ZINGIBERACEAE]".Global Plants.
  4. ^Sirirugsa, P.; Larsen, K.; Maknoi, C. (2007)."The GenusCurcuma L. (Zingiberaceae): Distribution and Classification with Reference to Species Diversity in Thailand"(PDF).Gardens' Bulletin Singapore.59 (1&2):203–220.S2CID 173169715. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2021-07-25. Retrieved2021-10-20.
  5. ^Collectif (2016).Histoire Naturelle (in French). Paris: Flammarion. p. 149.ISBN 9782081378599.
  6. ^Somadeva (2014) [1070 & 1924]."Ch. 104 - The use of turmeric (kuṅkuma) in ancient India". In Penzer, N. M. (ed.).Kathasaritsagara [The Ocean of Story]. Vol. XIII. Translated by Tawney, C. H. B.R. Publishing Corporation. p. 13.ISBN 978-935050135-1.
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