Inarchitecture, acupola (/ˈk(j)uːpələ/)[1] is a relatively small, usuallydome-like structure on top of a building[2] often crowning a largerroof or dome.[3][4] Cupolas often serve as aroof lantern to admit light and air or as a lookout.
The word derives, viaItalian, from lower Latincupula (classical Latincupella), from Ancient Greek κύπελλον (kúpellon) 'small cup' (Latincupa), indicating a vault resembling an upside-down cup.[a]
The cylindrical drum underneath a larger cupola is called atholobate.
The cupola evolved during the Renaissance from the olderoculus. Being weatherproof, the cupola was better suited to the wetter climates of northern Europe.[citation needed] Thechhatri, seen inIndian architecture, fits the definition of a cupola when it is used atop a larger structure.[citation needed]
Cupolas often serve as abelfry,belvedere, orroof lantern above a main roof. In other cases they may crown aspire,tower, orturret.[4] Barns often have cupolas for ventilation.[5][6]
Cupolas can also appear as small buildings in their own right.
The square, dome-like segment of a North American railroad traincaboose that contains the second-level or "angel" seats is also called a cupola.[7][8]
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The term cupola can also refer to the protrusions atop anarmoured fighting vehicle due to their distinctive dome-like appearance. They allow crew or personnel to observe, offering very good all round vision,[9] or even field weaponry, without being exposed to incoming fire. Later designs, however, became progressively flatter and less prominent as technology evolved to allow designers to reduce the profile of their vehicles.
