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Theculture ofChennai, popularly called the "Gateway to the South India",[1] is distinct from that of any other Indian city. Chennai continues to be traditional and conventional in certain ways. Traditional music, dance and all other art forms ofTamil Nadu are very popular in the city.
The city is known for its classical music shows.[2] Every December, Chennai holds a five-week-longMusic Season, which has been described as one of the world's largest cultural events.[3][unreliable source?] The Music Season encompasses performances (kacheries) of traditional Carnatic music by hundreds of artists in and around the city. This happens during theTamil month ofMārgaḻi and this period is a festive and joyous time in Chennai. The mercury lies in the low twenties and the music rendered by the great musicians is soul-stirring and sensational. Carnatic music makes the December season a must-experience for visitors to Chennai.
Chennai is also known for the classical Indian dance, theBharatanatyam, which is also the official dance of Tamil Nadu. An important cultural centre for Bharatanatyam isKalakshetra (Sanskrit for "place of the arts"), located on the beach in the south of the city.
Though Chennai is the epicenter for Carnatic music and Bharatanatyam, the participation in terms of audience and performers for both of these is from a very small minority of people belonging to the upper caste and upper class, excluding the majority of the city's people.[4] Musical forms likeGaana, which originated in slums of Chennai, and other art forms were given a large platform through the annual music festival, Margazhiyil Makkal Isai (people's music in Margazhi month), started by film directorPa. Ranjith's Neelam Panpaattu Maiyam in 2020.[4] The festival showcases hundreds of musicians and dance artists, predominantly from the marginalised classes and castes performing various forms of music like oppari, parai, thappaattam, gaana, naattuppuram, themmangu[5] which are traditionally the music of the Tamil masses, and other forms likeRapping andHip hop music which have been adapted and imbibed into Chennai's culture.[6]
In 2007, much before Margazhiyil Makkalisai,Chennai Sangamam, a Tamil cultural festival was started with similar goals of secularising and democratising public spaces and traditional artforms.[7] Usually held aroundPongal festival, in January, the event showcases artforms like Thappattam,Karakattam, Devarattam, Kaniyan Koothu,Kavadi Aattam, Thodar Nadanam, Amba Paatu, Villupaatu, Sakkaikuchiyattam.[7] It was discontinued for ten years, from 2012, during the AIADMK regime, and restarted in 2021.[8] In addition to Tamil-Dravidian art forms, the 2024 edition featured artistes from Odisha, West Bengal and Punjab showcasing their traditional and tribal music and dance too.[7]
Chennai has a vibrant theatre scene, with a large number of Tamil plays being performed. Political satire, slapstick comedy, history, mythology and drama are some of the popular genres of Tamil plays. Prominent theatre personalities include Pammal Sambanda Mudaliar,[9] K.S. Nagarajan,[10] Cho Ramaswamy,[11] Indira Parthasarathy,[12] R.S. Manohar,[13] N. Muthuswamy,[14] English theatre is also popular in Chennai.Evam, a popular English theatre company is based in Chennai. They are the logistics partners of The Metroplus Theatre festival[15] held by a leading newspaper of the city,The Hindu, every year around July and August. A number of other English theatre companies like Unarviyam,Stray Factory,Theatre Y, ASAP productions, Still Water Productions, Boardwalkers,Masquerade - the performance group, Theatre Nisha, Alchemy Theatres,Rebelz, Stagefright Productions and last but not the least, India's oldest English theatre company,Madras Players stage plays throughout the year. Over the last four years[when?], Chennai has become active in theatre activities. School and college cultural festivals (locally calledculfests) play an important role by providing platforms for the city's youth to indulge in art and culture. These culfests attract participants from around India. Some of the larger culfests in the city areInstincts (SSN College of Engineering),Saarang (IITM),Techofes (College of Engineering, Guindy),Deep Woods (MCC),Kalakrithi (ACT),Mitafest (MIT)Down Sterling (Loyola) andSrishti (Ethiraj College for Women, 'Alchemy Kids Theatre Annual Graduation').
In the mid-2000's, western style bands began to grow in popularity. Predominantly these are 'student bands', although there are professional bands such asThe LBG. While the student bands are most visible in cultural fests and other competitions, pro-events like theJune Rock Out, organised by the Unwind Centre, are dominated by professional bands.[16][17]
The mylapore webportal dedicated to Arts & Culture of Chennai, music, drama, awards and events.[18]
Chennai is the base for the large Tamil movie industry, known as theKollywood. The industry is, especially, attributed to the locality ofKodambakkam, where most of the movie studios are located. The industry makes about 100Tamil movies a year, and itsfilm soundtracks dominate the music scene in the city. Kollywood is the second biggest revenue generating Movie Industry in India only after Bollywood. Tamil movies and personalities are followed worldwide. Some of most technologically advanced movie studios of India are located in Chennai. Chennai also conducts Movie Fairs every year, attracting movies from worldwide. The Chennai film industry produced the first nationally distributed film across India in 1948 with Chandralekha. They have one of the widest overseas distribution, with large audience turnout from the Tamil diaspora. They are distributed to various parts of Asia, Africa, Western Europe, North America and Oceania. It is estimated by the Manorama Yearbook 2000 (a popular almanac) that over 5,000 Tamil films were produced in the 20th century.
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The majority of residents in Chennai are native Tamilians and descendants of settlers from different part of Tamil Nadu. There are also sizeable migrantMalayalee,Telungu,Sri Lankan Tamil communities in the city. A regional hub since British times, other prominent communities are theAnglo Indian,Bengali,Punjabi,Gujarati andMarwari communities and people fromUttar Pradesh andBihar. Chennai also has a growing expatriate population especially from theUnited States,Europe andEast Asia who work in the industries andIT centres.
Tamil is the city's first language.English is spoken widely in South Chennai and Central Chennai, (Kanchipuram and Chennai districts) and is used almost exclusively in business, education and otherwhite collar professions. Tamil spoken in Chennai usesEnglish words liberally, so much so that it is often calledMadras bhashai (Tamil for "Madras language"). Other languages spoken in the city includeTelugu,Malayalam andUrdu and they contribute to the vocabulary of Madras bhashai as well.
Chennai celebrates a number of festivals. Pongal, celebrated in the month of January, is the most important festival of and is celebrated over a period of five days. Pongal has been designated the "State Festival" for its unique celebration that is typical of Tamil Nadu. Though aharvest festival it is still celebrated widely in the city. Tamil New Year's Day signifying the beginning of the Tamil calendar usually falls on 14 April and is celebrated widely. Being a cosmopolitan city, almost all major religious festivals likeDeepavali,Eid andChristmas are celebrated here.
