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Cultural artifact

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Social scientific term

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Acultural artifact, orcultural artefact (seeAmerican and British English spelling differences), is a term used in thesocial sciences, particularlyanthropology,^[1]ethnology^[2] andsociology^{[citation needed]} for anything created byhumans which gives information about theculture of its creator and users.Artifact is the spelling inNorth American English;artefact is usually preferred elsewhere.^[3]

Cultural artifact is a more generic term and should be considered with two words of similar, but narrower, nuance: it can include objects recovered fromarchaeological sites, i.e.archaeological artifacts, but can also include objects of modern or early-modern society, orsocial artifacts. For example, in an anthropological context, a 17th-centurylathe, a piece offaience, or atelevision each provides a wealth of information about the time in which they were manufactured and used.

Cultural artifacts, whether ancient or current, have significance because they offer an insight into technological processes, economic development and social structure, among other attributes.

Classification

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The philosopherMarx W. Wartofsky categorized artifacts as follows:^[4]

primary artifacts: used in production (such as a hammer, a fork, a lamp, or a camera);
secondary artifacts: relating to primary artifacts (such as a user manual for a camera);
tertiary artifacts: representations of secondary artifacts (such as a picture of a user manual for a camera).

Social artifacts, unlike archaeological artifacts, do not need to have a physical form (for examplevirtual artifact), nor to be of historical value (items created seconds ago can be classified as social artifacts).

References

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^Richard J. Watts (1981).The pragmalinguistic analysis of narrative texts. Gunter Narr Verlag.ISBN 978-3-87808-443-3.
^Rob Amery.Warrabarna Kaurna!.
^"artefact/artifact".OED.com. Retrieved2 October 2024.
^Wartofsky, Marx W. (1979). Models: Representation and scientific understanding. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Reidel.

External links

[edit]

Hilpinen, Risto."Artifact". InZalta, Edward N. (ed.).Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.ISSN 1095-5054.OCLC 429049174.

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