Cueva was anIndigenous language of Panama, now extinct, with limited attestation and oftenmisclassified within linguistic studies.^[2] The Cueva people experienced a significant population decline between 1510 and 1535 due to conflicts, diseases, and the effects of Spanish colonization. By the 17th and 18th centuries, theGuna had migrated into the former Cueva territory, repopulating the area.

Loukotka^[3] mistakenly identified aGuna vocabulary from the Darién as Cueva, leading to confusion of Cueva with Guna in subsequent literature,^[4][5][6] with some authors reporting that Cueva was a dialect of or ancestral to the Guna language.^[7] The Guna language and culture are very different from the Cueva.

Loewen^[8] and Constenla Umaña & Margery Peña^[9] have suggested a connection between Cueva and theChocoan family.

• Adelaar, Willem F. H.; Muysken, Pieter (2004).The languages of the Andes. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge, UK New York: Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-511-48685-2.
• Campbell, Lyle (1997).American Indian languages: the historical linguistics of native America. Oxford studies in anthropological linguistics. New York Oxford: Oxford university press.ISBN 978-0-19-509427-5.
• Constela Umaña, Adolfo; Margery Peña, Enrique (1991)."Elementos de fonología comparada Chocó*".Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica.17 (1–2): 137.doi:10.15517/rfl.v17i1-2.20972.ISSN 2215-2628.
• Greenberg, Joseph Harold (1987).Language in the Americas. Stanford, Calif: Stanford university press.ISBN 978-0-8047-1315-3.
• Loewen, Jacob A. (October 1963)."Choco II: Phonological Problems".International Journal of American Linguistics.29 (4):357–371.doi:10.1086/464751.ISSN 0020-7071.
• Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Wilbert, Johannes (ed.).Classification of South American Indian Languages(PDF) (4th ed.). Latin American Center, UCLA. p. 239.ISBN 9780879031077.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Romoli, Kathleen (1987).Los de la lengua de cueva: los grupos indígenas del istmo oriental en la época de la conquista española (in Spanish). Instituto Colombiano de Antropología.ISBN 978-958-601-116-7.
• Whitehead, Neil L. (1999), Salomon, Frank; Schwartz, Stuart B. (eds.),"The Crises and Transformations of Invaded Societies: The Caribbean (1492–1580)",The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas: Volume 3: South America, The Cambridge history of the Native Peoples of the Americas, vol. 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 864–903,ISBN 978-0-521-63075-7, retrieved2025-10-11

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