Bhor Saidan Crocodile Breeding Centre | |
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Wildlife breeding | |
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  Bhor Saidan Crocodile Breeding Centre Location in Haryana, India Show map of Haryana Bhor Saidan Crocodile Breeding Centre Bhor Saidan Crocodile Breeding Centre (India) Show map of India | |
| Coordinates:29°57′43″N76°41′49″E / 29.96194°N 76.69694°E /29.96194; 76.69694 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Haryana |
| District | Kurukshetra district |
| Established | 1980 |
| Founded by | Mahant |
| Government | |
| • Type | Government of Haryana |
| • Body | Forests Department, Haryana |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Website | www.haryanaforest.gov.in |
Bhor Saidan Crocodile Breeding Centre, managed by theHaryana Forests Department tocaptive breed and conserve the freshwatermugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) native to India, is located atBhor Saidan village on Kurukshetra-Pehowa Road inKurukshetra district ofHaryana in India.[1] It is 13 km from the old Kurukshetra Bus Stand and 22 km from the new Kurukshetra Bus Stand in sector 10.
It is one of such 4 crocodile breeding centres in India, other two rated as top most success crocodile breeding centres byNational Geographic Society are theMadras Crocodile Bank Trust (breeds all 3 native crocodile species of India - freshwater muggers, freshwatergharials andsalt water crocodiles) and theKukrail Gharial Rehabilitation Centre at Lucknow (breeds only freshwater gharials), and other beingManjira Wildlife Sanctuary.
Chhilchhila Wildlife Sanctuary is 10 km to the south between Nikatpura and Sarsa.
In the 1930s, theMahants of the nearby Bhureeshwar Temple brought few mugger crocodiles and released in the pond next to the temple.[1] After the population of native mugger, gharial and estuarine saltwater crocodiles declined in India, theUNDP-FAO Crocodile Breeding and Management Project was launched in 1975 in co-operation with theGovernment of India (GoI) and various State Governments, 16 crocodile rehabilitation centres and 11 crocodile sanctuaries were established between 1975 and 1982 and crocodiles were released in 19 sanctuaries. Till the funding was stopped by the GoI in 1991, GoI had providedgrant-in-aid funding to states on 50:50 ratio.[2] Bhor Saidan is one of those crocodile sanctuaries established in 1982 by GoI as part of the UNDP-FAO Crocodile Breeding Project. In 1982–83, the Bhor Saidan villagepanchayat gave 15+ acre land to theGovernment of Haryana to expand the breeding centre and the Forests Department of Haryana took over the management of the breeding centre.[1][3]
IUCN Red List ofthreatened species, lists mugger as “vulnerable”.CITES, a multilateral treaty for protecting endangered plants and animals, lists crocodiles under Appendix-I of species threatened with extinction.[4]There are only 5700 to 8700 muggers in the wild.[5]
Crocodile Breeding Centre is located next to theBhureeshwar Temple, which one of thetirth (pilgrimage site) in the48 Kos Parikrama of Kurukshetra of theLord Krishna pilgrimage circuit. Bhor Saidan village, sitting on an ancient archeological mound ofPainted Grey Ware culture (1200 BCE to 600 BCE)) from theVedic period ofMahabharata, is on the banks of dried up river bed ofSarasvati River,[6][7][8] was named afterKaurava heroBhurisrava ofMahabharta, son of Somadutta.[9]
TheMakara (crocodile), equivalent to theZodiac signCapricorn inHindu astrology, is a revered legendary sea-creature inHindu belief in which makara is thevahana (vehicle) of the sea godVaruna and the river goddess such as theGanga,Narmada.[10][11][12] Makara is the most commonly recurring creature in Hindu and Buddhisttemple iconography, in which makara are considered guardians of gateways and thresholds, protecting throne rooms as well as entryways to temples; and also frequently appears as aspout attached to a water source.
Makara is also the insignia of the love godKamadeva, who has no dedicated temples and is also known asMakaradhvaja, "one whose flag depicts a makara".[11] Makara-shaped earrings calledMakarakundalas are sometimes worn by the Hindu gods, for exampleShiva,[13][14] the Destroyer, or the Preserver-godVishnu, the Sun godSurya, and the Mother GoddessChandi.Lakshmi's depiction of sitting on a lotus in which she pulls the tongue of the elephant shaped makara is meant to project Lakshmi's image as the goddess of prosperity, wealth and well-being.[13][15][16]
The centre comprises wild water ponds which are is used to rear Indian Mugger crocodiles. Periphery has been fenced and a mound inside the pond was created to watch the crocodiles from the close range.[17] The Bhor Saidan centre is run by a team of two Forests Department employees: one wildlife sub-inspector and one caretaker. Crocodiles are fed five to six tons of fish every month, which costs nearly INR 10,00,000 per year.[3]
In 2019, the crocodile population had increased to 32 including 15 female and 17 male.[3] In 2014, the Crocodile Breeding Centre had 24 crocodiles including 10 male, 4 female and 10 young crocodiles.[18]
To enhance thegenetic diversity, 4 pairs of mugger crocodiles were brought from Madras Crocodile Bank Trust in 1991 for the first time. Thereafter, every year 2 to 3 muggers are brought from elsewhere and released at Bhor Saidan to enhance the genetic diversity.[3]
According to theAnimal Diversity Web, an online database of species distribution and conservation, the main threats to mugger crocodiles are the fragmentation and loss of natural habitat, the use of crocodile parts for medicinal purposes. drowning in fishing nets, stealing of eggs by people for food, and closure of several crocodile breeding facilities which use to breed crocodile and incubate crocodile eggs to increase the crocodile population.[4]
Around the mid-1980s, during the flood caused by the heavy rains several crocodiles escaped from theBhor Saidan Crocodile Farm to nearbySaraswati drain and several villages have now become the habitat of escaped stray crocodiles that are caught from time to time in the nearby villages such as Mukimpura (1 km from Bhor Saidan Crocodile Breeding Centre) and Dabkheri (12 km from Bhor Saidan Crocodile Breeding Centre).[19] From 2010 to 2016, 7 escaped crocodiles were caught in 6 years including 4 from the pond of Mukimpura and 3 from theSYL canal siphon 11 km from Bhor Saidan between Dabkheri andJyotisar.[20] In June 2019, a 12-feet mugger was caught from Dabkheri SYL canal siphon by Haryana Forests Department with the help of nets, after its sightings had sparked the fears of man-crocodile conflict.[21] Captured crocodiles were released in the Bhor Saidan Crocodile Breeding Centre.[20][21]
There is no systematic and scientific project to care for these crocodiles and to educated the villagers of the affected villages on the man-crocodile conflict management.
In 2015,Forests Department, Haryana launched a scheme for individuals, organizations and corporations to adopt animals in state's zoos and breeding centres, including at Bhor Saidan Crocodile Center.[22][23]
This scheme has found no takers due to the poor management and lack of follow up efforts by the Haryana Forests Department.
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As of June 2021, there is no approved project to re-commence external intervention (e.g. artificial incubation of the eggs) and reintroduction of mugger andgharial in the water bodies of Haryana or nearby states with share the water bodies and borders with Haryana.
Each adult female crocodile at the Bhor Saidan Centre lays 25 to 30 eggs usually between 15 April to 15 May, based on which the number of surviving crocodiles is low.[3] Since 2004, citing the overcrowding as a reason the caretakers at Bhor Saidan Crocodile Breeding Centre have stopped the external intervention for conservation e.g. artificial incubation of the eggs.[24] The Forests Department staff at centre cited 4 main causes of low crocodile population at Bhor Saidan Breeding Ccentre, i.e. lack of breeding area for laying eggs as there are only 2 water ponds with combined total area of 4 acre, eating of young crocodiles by other unrelated crocodiles, unsuitable climate as crocodile survival is threatened when climatic temperature drops below 5' C or rises above 38' C, and high human activity.[3] This does not seem an acceptable excuse. Madras Crocodile Bank Trust (MCBT), located on 8.5 acre[25] land half the size of Bhor Sidan's 15 acre,[1] has over 450,000 annual visitors including 13794 foreign visitors,[25][26] with world's largest collections of crocodiles, 2483 animals of 28herpetology species, 14 species of crocodiles including 3 endangered native Indian crocodile species, 10 species of turtles, 3 species of snakes, and 1 species of lizard.[26] Whereas mismanaged Bhor Saidan, which compared to MCBT has double the land size with very low human activity, has only 32 crocodiles belonging to only 1 species and rarely sees visitors due to the poor infrastructure and lack of long-term integrated conservation strategy.
Activists have demanded to increase the number and size of the water ponds, increase the size of conservation area, bring water bodies in nearby villages under the crocodile conservation effort, recommencement of artificial incubation of eggs, separation of youngs from adults to avoid being eaten, building natural and artificial temperature controlled habitat, building an interpretation and awareness centre, establishment of Haryana state centre of excellence for herpetology research and conservation, formulation of multi-department multi-state integrated herpetology conservation effort by breeding and releasing in various water bodies of Haryana and nearby states.
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Protected areas ofHaryana | ||
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