Critical and Historical Essays: Contributed to the Edinburgh Review (1843) is a collection of articles byThomas Babington Macaulay, later Lord Macaulay. They have been acclaimed for their readability, but criticized for their inflexible attachment to the attitudes of theWhig school of history.
The essays first appeared in the following issues of theEdinburgh Review:[1]
Macaulay's first essays were contributed toKnight's Quarterly Magazine, but in January 1825 theEdinburgh Review published an article of his on West Indian slavery and in August of the same year an essay on Milton which made his name. Over the next 20 years he became one of their most regular and most popular reviewers, and his success in this line helped to promote his rise in politics. In 1843 he was persuaded to collect his reviews in book form, and theCritical and Historical Essays were duly published byLongman in three volumes. Macaulay restricted the collection to his contributions to theEdinburgh Review, and left out some of these also, especially those which he thought were of ephemeral interest or which personally attacked former political enemies.[2][3]
Critical and Historical Essays was from the first a successful undertaking, reaching a seventh reprinting by 1849, and it was soon being read all over the English-speaking world.[3] One 19th century traveller in Australia reported that the books he found there were for the most part copies of theBible,Shakespeare, and Macaulay'sEssays.[4] At the end of the 19th centuryGeorge Saintsbury gave theEssays high praise, though only as broad-brush sketches:
On any subject which Macaulay has touched, his survey is unsurpassable for giving a first bird's-eye view, and for creating interest in the matter…You need not – you had much better not – pin your faith on his details, but hisPisgah sights are admirable.[5]
Saintsbury's contemporary the historianFrederic Harrison credited Macaulay's influence with ensuring that "the best journals and periodicals of our day are written in a style so clear, so direct, so resonant."[6] More recently the scholar Angus Ross judged that the popularity of theEssays was founded on Macaulay's "firm and unqualified belief in his own strong opinions; a large stock of miscellaneous information; a brilliant and slashing style; and considerable insensitivity."[2] Another contemporary critic speaks for many when he sets off Macaulay's "rapid, sparkling, transparent, utterly lucid" style against the prejudice and inaccuracy he brought to his advocacy of the Whig view of history.[7]