Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic Крымская Социалистическая Советская Республика (Russian) Krymskaja Socialističeskaja Sovetskaja Respublika | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1919 | |||||||||
| Capital | Simferopol | ||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||
| Government | Soviet republic | ||||||||
| Chairman | |||||||||
• 1919 | Dmitry Ulyanov | ||||||||
| Legislature | Revolutionary committee | ||||||||
| Historical era | Russian Civil War | ||||||||
| Mar–Apr 1919 | |||||||||
• Republic established | May 1919 | ||||||||
• White MovementVolunteer army offensive | June 1919 | ||||||||
• Republic defeated · White Movementcontrol established | June | ||||||||
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| Today part of | [nb 1] | ||||||||
TheCrimean Socialist Soviet Republic[4] (Russian:Крымская Социалистическая Советская Республика or Крымская Советская Социалистическая Республика;[5]Crimean Tatar:Qırım Şuralar Sotsialistik Cumhuriyeti) or theSoviet Socialist Republic of the Crimea[6] was a state allied withSoviet Russia that existed inCrimea for several months in 1919 during theRussian Civil War. It was the secondBolshevik government in Crimea[6] and its capital wasSimferopol.[5]
In April 1919, theBolsheviks invaded Crimea for the second time (the first was in March 1918 and led to the creation of the short-livedTaurida Soviet Socialist Republic). After the conquest of Crimea (with the exception of theKerch Peninsula) by the3rd Ukrainian Red Army, a Crimean Regional Party Conference at Simferopol from 28–29 April adopted a resolution forming the Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic and arevolutionary committee government.[5]
By 30 April, the Bolsheviks had occupied the entire peninsula and, on 5 May, the government was formed withDmitry Ilyich Ulyanov,Vladimir Lenin's brother, as chairman.[5][6] On 1 June, the Crimean SSR joined in military union withsoviet republics in Russia,Ukraine,Belorussia, Lithuania, andLatvia.[6]
The republic was declared to be a non-national entity based on the equality of all nationalities.[5] Nationalization of industry and confiscation of the land of landlords,kulaks, and the church were implemented.[5] The Crimean SSR was more friendly toward the interests ofCrimean Tatars than the Taurida SSR had been and leftist Tatars were allowed to take positions in the government.[6]
Starting in late May,Anton Denikin'sWhiteVolunteer Army, which had been gaining strength, threatened seizure of Crimea.[5] On 18 June, White forces underYakov Slashchov (Яков Слащёв) landed in the areaKoktebel and, as a result, the authorities of the Crimean SSR were evacuated from Crimea from 23–26 June and the Whites assumed control of the peninsula.[5] Crimea did not have its own government again until the formation of theSouth Russian Government by the Whites in February 1920.
