Crimean Regional Government Крымское краевое правительство (Russian) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1918–1919 | |||||||||||
.svg) Location of Crimea. | |||||||||||
| Status | Client state ofGermany | ||||||||||
| Capital | Simferopol | ||||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||||
| Government | LiberalRepublic | ||||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||||
• 1918 | Maciej Sulkiewicz | ||||||||||
• 1918–1919 | Solomon Krym | ||||||||||
| Historical era | World War I | ||||||||||
• Crimean offensive | April 1918 | ||||||||||
• First government | 25 June 1918 | ||||||||||
• German withdrawal | November 1918 | ||||||||||
• Second government | November 1918 | ||||||||||
• Red Army invasion | 2 April 1919 | ||||||||||
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| Today part of | [nb 1] | ||||||||||
TheCrimean Regional Government (Russian:Крымское краевое правительство,IPA:[ˈkrɨmskəjekrəjɪˈvojeprɐˈvʲitʲɪlʲstvə]) refers to two successive short-lived regimes in theCrimean Peninsula during 1918 and 1919.
FollowingRussia's 1917October Revolution, an ethnicTatar government proclaimed theCrimean People's Republic. The republic was soon overrun byBolshevik forces in early 1918 who established theTaurida Soviet Socialist Republic and then by the forces of theUkrainian People's Republic with a military assistance from theGerman Empire in theCrimean Offensive at the end of April 1918.
The first Crimean Regional Government was established on 25 June 1918. It was formed under German protection withLipka Tatar GeneralMaciej (Suleyman) Sulkiewicz as prime minister, minister of interior and military affairs. There were efforts by Ukraine to exert control over Crimea but, with German support, the regional government remained separate from Ukraine though, in September and October, there were talks to effect a federation of the two.
Following the withdrawal of German troops from Crimea, the unpopular[4] Sulkiewicz fell from power on 25 November 1918 and was succeeded byCrimean Karaite politician and formerKadet memberSolomon Krym. This liberal, anti-Bolshevik regime included fellow formerKadet memberMaxim Vinaver as foreign minister andVladimir D. Nabokov as minister of justice.[4] In late November 1918, troops of theAllies of World War I, mainly French and Greek,landed in Crimea but they withdrew in April 1919, after the loss of Odessa (now Odesa).[5]
The Krym government, also called theCrimean Frontier Government,[6] began to crumble in early 1919 due to tensions with the RussianWhite movement'sVolunteer Army underAnton Denikin which suspected the loyalty of its main figures.[7] The collapse of the World War I Central Powers and the withdrawal of the Allies had made the Crimea again fully dependent on Russia.
On 2 April 1919, the Soviet Red Army occupiedSimferopol and the second Crimean Regional Government was dissolved. TheCrimean Socialist Soviet Republic was then established only to be retaken by White forces in June 1919. The Whites under Denikin and laterPyotr Wrangel held Crimea until November 1920.
