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Crested tit

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Species of bird
This article is about the European species. For the crested tit species from southeast Asia, Lophophanes dichrous, seegrey-crested tit.

Crested tit
A crested tit in Spain
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Passeriformes
Family:Paridae
Genus:Lophophanes
Species:
L. cristatus
Binomial name
Lophophanes cristatus
Range ofL. cristatus
  Resident
Synonyms

Parus cristatusLinnaeus, 1758

Bird recorded in Scotland

Thecrested tit orEuropean crested tit (Lophophanes cristatus) is apasserinebird in thetit family Paridae. It is a widespread and common resident breeder inconiferous forests throughout central and northern Europe and indeciduouswoodland in France and theIberian Peninsula. InGreat Britain, it is mainly restricted to the ancient pinewoods of Inverness and Strathspey in Scotland, and rarely strays far from its haunts. A few vagrant crested tits have been seen in England. It is resident, and most individuals do notmigrate.

Taxonomy

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The crested tit wasformally described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalistCarl Linnaeus in thetenth edition of hisSystema Naturae under thebinomial nameParus cristatus.[2] Linnaeus specified thetype locality as Europe, but this was restricted to Sweden by German naturalistJohann Jakob Kaup in 1905.[3][4] The crested tit is now placed together withgrey-crested tit in the genusLophophanes that was introduced in 1829 by the German naturalistJohann Jakob Kaup.[5] The current genus name,Lophophanes, is from theAncient Greeklophos, "crest", andphaino, "to show". The specificcristatus isLatin for "crested".[6]

This species was formerly placed inParus, but the distinctness ofLophophanes is well supported,[7] and it is now recognised by theAmerican Ornithologists' Union and theBritish Ornithologists' Union as a distinct genus.[8]

Sevensubspecies are recognised:[5]

  • L. c. scoticusPražák, 1897 – central north Scotland
  • L. c. abadiei (Jouard, 1929) – west France
  • L. c. weigoldi (Tratz, 1914) – west, southIberian Peninsula
  • L. c. cristatus (Linnaeus, 1758) – north, east Europe to the Carpathian Mts.
  • L. c. baschkirikusSnigirewski, 1931 – southwest, central Ural Mountains
  • L. c. mitratus (Brehm, CL, 1831) – central Europe to northeast Spain, the Alps and north Balkans
  • L. c. bureschi (von Jordans, 1940) – Albania to Bulgaria and Greece

Behaviour and ecology

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It is an easy tit to recognise, for besides its erectile crest, the tip of which is often recurved, its gorget and collar are distinctive. It is, like other tits, talkative, and birds keep up a constantzee, zee, zeebirdsong, similar to that of thecoal tit.

It makes a nest in a hole in rotting stumps. This bird often feeds low down in trees, but although not shy, it is not always easily approached. It will join winter tit flocks with other species.

Like other tits, it is found in pairs and it feeds oninsects (includingcaterpillars) and seeds.

Gallery

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  • Crested tit, Aviemore, Scotland
    Crested tit, Aviemore, Scotland
  • Crested tit, Aviemore, Scotland
    Crested tit, Aviemore, Scotland
  • Crested tit, Cantalejo, Spain
    Crested tit, Cantalejo, Spain
  • Eggs, Collection Museum Wiesbaden
    Eggs, CollectionMuseum Wiesbaden
  • Lophophanes cristatus - MHNT
    Lophophanes cristatus -MHNT

References

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  1. ^BirdLife International (2016)."Lophophanes cristatus".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2016 e.T22711810A87427182.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22711810A87427182.en. Retrieved19 November 2021.
  2. ^Linnaeus, Carl (1758).Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 189.
  3. ^Kaup, Johann Jakob (1829).Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der europäischen Thierwelt (in German). Darmstadt: Carl Wilhelm Leske. p. 92.
  4. ^Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1986).Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 12. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 96.
  5. ^abGill, Frank; Donsker, David;Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024)."Waxwings and their allies, tits & penduline tits".IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved23 February 2025.
  6. ^Jobling, James A (2010).The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 122, 230.ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  7. ^Gill, F.B.; Slikas, B.; Sheldon, F.H. (2005)."Phylogeny of titmice (Paridae): II. Species relationships based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene".The Auk.122 (1):121–143.doi:10.1093/auk/122.1.121.
  8. ^Sangster, George; Collinson, J Martin; Helbig, Andreas J; Knox, Alan G; Parkin, David T (2005)."Taxonomic recommendations for British birds: third report".Ibis.147 (4):821–826.doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2005.00483.x.[dead link]

External links

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Lophophanes cristatus
Parus cristatus
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