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 Crescia with wild herbs | |
| Type | Flatbread |
|---|---|
| Place of origin | Italy |
| Region or state | |
| Main ingredients | Flour, water, salt |
Crescia (Italian:[ˈkreʃʃa]) is a thinItalianflatbread typically prepared inMarche andUmbria (Pesaro,Urbino,Ancona,Macerata,Perugia, andTerni). Thecrescia probably has a common ancestry to thepiadina, to be found in the bread used by theByzantine army, stationed for centuries inRomagna, in the north of the Marche (Pentapolis), and in the Umbrian Valley crossed by theVia Flaminia. The food is also known by the common name of "white pizza".[1]
The urbinatecrescia, also calledcrescia sfogliata, crostolo or, more rarely,piadina sfogliata, typical ofUrbino andMontefeltro, is made with flour, eggs, water, lard, salt and pepper. The dough obtained with a rolling pin is greased with lard and rolled up on itself, so that it releases pieces that integrate with the rest of the dough. Pressed into a disc and cooked, it takes on a characteristic layered structure, golden and crunchy. Typically it is eaten hot with sausage, wild herbs, ham, loin or cheese. A variant, thecrostolo di Urbania, provides for the replacement of wheat flour with polenta which remains attached to the cauldron.[3]
Thecrescia ofPesaro, often called "piadina", is widespread in the Pesaro area, in the Fano area and in the surrounding countryside, does not require the use of yeast, is rolled high with a rolling pin, and contains a high quantity of lard. There are two variants: thecrescia vonta andcrescia sfojeta. Thecrescia vonta is quite thick and after cooking it is greased on both sides with pork lard, then passed over the grill; sometimes it is stuffed with sautéed cabbage. Thecrescia sfojeta is also thick, rectangular in shape; it is rolled out for the first time, then folded and rolled out again with a rolling pin; in this way many distinct layers are obtained. Originally these very nutritious grows were intended for farmers and were useful to them to recover from the hard labors of the fields.[4]
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In theprovince of Ancona,crescia is prepared with the same dough as bread, and is generally cooked on the grill, or, in a more traditional version, under the grill. It is usually eatencu 'le foje, that is, with wild herbs, but it can also be combined with cured meats such as loin, salami and ham. A variant made with the leftovers of polenta sautéed on the plate is calledcresciola in the areas ofIesi andOsimo. InOffagna (one of the castles of Ancona) there is anAccademia della Crescia, which organizes the localmedieval festivals. This food was so important in the past that it gave its name to a common currency, thecresciolo.
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Even in theprovince of Macerata, and throughout the Alto Chiascio area,crescia is prepared with bread dough, but takes on a consistency similar to that of Tuscanschiacciata. Round, with a broken edge and with dimples on the surface (which have the function of retaining the oil better), it is seasoned with oil, salt, onion or rosemary. Some historical variants foresee the use in the mixture of lard and pork cracklings (also called "grasselli" or "sgriscioli"), and the replacement of wheat flour with that of maize.
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Proceeding further south, in the internal areas of theprovince of Ascoli Piceno, now far from the area of Byzantine domination, thecrescia gives way to the stuffedfocaccia, orchichì stuffed, higher than thecrescia and richly stuffed.
Thecrescia ofGubbio[5] is one of the best known and most appreciated traditional recipes: the dough is obtained by kneading very simple ingredients by hand: flour, water, salt. Traditionally cooked on texts or iron discs placed directly on the embers of the fireplace, today it is normally cooked on cast iron texts or non-stick pans directly on the stove. It is usually served with ham, various cold cuts, cheeses or with grilled sausages and spinach cooked in a pan.
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In the northern and centralMarche, the name ofcrescia is sometimes also used to indicate a food very different from the typicalcrescia: it is a high savory pie: thecrescia di Pasqua orpizza di Pasqua or cheese pizza, typical of the Pesaro area, Ancona area and Macerata area, with a leavened dough flavored with pecorino cheese, which gives it a golden color and a strong and tasty flavor. Thecrescia or Easter pizza from Ancona and Macerata combines the Pesaro recipe with large pieces of pecorino cheese, which swell up during cooking and leave cavities inside thecrescia; the cheese that runs on the outside becomes crunchy, and makes the dough particularly tasty.
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