 Craiova Group members | |
| Membership | |
| Establishment | 24 April 2015 |
| Area | |
• Total | 558,822 km2 (215,762 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 2023 estimate |  42,646,208[1] |
• Density | 78.9/km2 (204.4/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate |
• Total |  $1.591 trillion[2] |
• Per capita | $34,637[2] |
| GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | $762.798 billion[2] |
• Per capita | $16,716[2] |
TheCraiova Group (Quadrilateral),Craiova Four, orC4 is a cooperation project of fourEuropean states – Romania,Bulgaria,Greece andSerbia – for the purposes of furthering theirEuropean integration as well as economic, transport and energy cooperation with one another. The Group originated in asummit meeting of the heads of governments ofBulgaria,Romania andSerbia, held on 24 April 2015 in the Romanian city ofCraiova.[3][4] At the group's inaugural meeting, Romania's then-Prime MinisterVictor Ponta indicated that he was inspired by theVisegrád Group.[3] Romania and Bulgariaboth joined theEuropean Union in 2007, while Serbia has been inaccession negotiations since 2014. Since 2017 meeting inVarna, Bulgaria and the inclusion of Greece, meetings have been quadrilateral.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
One of the first initiatives, after a meeting inVidin, Bulgaria, was to strengthen the telecommunication networks in the border areas of the countries.[13] Other goals include helping Serbia join the European Union and the construction of a motorway linkingBucharest,Sofia andBelgrade.[3]
On 2 November 2018, Prime Minister of BulgariaBoyko Borisov stated that Prime Minister of GreeceAlexis Tsipras proposed joint bid for the2030 FIFA World Cup by Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia and Greece during the meeting in Thessaloniki.[14]
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| Name | Romania | Bulgaria | Greece | Serbia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Official name | Romania (România) | Republic of Bulgaria (Република България / Republika Bŭlgariya) | Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία) | Republic of Serbia (Република Србија / Republika Srbija) | ||||
| Coat of Arms |  |  |  |  | ||||
| Flag |  |  |  |  | ||||
| Population | 19,051,562 (2023)[15] | 6,447,710 (2022)[15] | 10,482,487 (2022)[15] | 6,664,449 (2023)[16] | ||||
| Area | 238,397 km2 (92,046 sq mi) | 110,993.6 km2 (42,854.9 sq mi) | 131,957 km2 (50,949 sq mi) | 77,747 km2(29,913 sq mi)(excluding Kosovo) | ||||
| Population Density | 84.4/km2 (218.6/sq mi) | 58/km2 (165.8/sq mi) | 79,4/km2 (212.4/sq mi) | 86/km2 (230.5/sq mi) | ||||
| Government | Unitarysemi-presidential constitutional republic | Unitaryparliamentary constitutional republic | Unitaryparliamentary constitutional republic | Unitaryparliamentary constitutional republic | ||||
| Capital | Bucharest – 1,716,961 (2,304,408 metro) | Sofia – 1,248,452 (1,667,314 metro) | Athens – 643,452 (3,638,281 metro) | Belgrade – 1,383,875 (1,681,405 metro) | ||||
| Largest City | ||||||||
| Official language | Romanian | Bulgarian | Greek | Serbian | ||||
| First Leader | Alexandru Ioan Cuza,Domnitor of theUnited Principalities (first ruler of the modern unified state).Burebista,King ofDacia (first leader of the Romanian peoples). | KhanAsparuh of Bulgaria (founder of theFirst Bulgarian Empire) | GovernorIoannis Kapodistrias (first head of state of the modern independent state) | PrinceVišeslav of Serbia (first ruler known by name) | ||||
| Current Head of Government | Prime MinisterCătălin Predoiu (PNL) | Prime MinisterRosen Zhelyazkov (GERB) | Prime MinisterKyriakos Mitsotakis (New Democracy) | Prime MinisterĐuro Macut (Independent) | ||||
| Current Head of State | PresidentNicușor Dan (Independent) | PresidentRumen Radev (Independent) | PresidentKaterina Sakellaropoulou (Independent) | PresidentAleksandar Vučić (SNS) | ||||
| Main religions | 81%Eastern Orthodox, 6.2%Protestant, 5.1%Latin and Greek Catholic, 0.2%irreligious, 1.5%Other religious | 59.5%Eastern Orthodox, 9.3%irreligious, 7.9%Islam, 0.9%Protestant, 0.7%Roman Catholic | 90%Eastern Orthodox, 3% OtherChristians (excludingCatholic), 4%irreligious, 2%Islam, 3%Other religious (including Eastern or WesternCatholic) | 81.1%Eastern Orthodox, 4.2%Islam, 3.9%Roman Catholic, 1.1%irreligious, 1%Protestant | ||||
| Ethnic groups | 88.9%Romanians, 6.1%Hungarians, 3.3%Roma, 0.2%Ukrainians, 0.2%Germans | 84.8%Bulgarians, 8.8%Turks, 4.9%Roma, 0.7%others | Greek 91.6%, Albanian 4.4%, other 4%[17] | 80.6%Serbs, 2.8%Hungarians, 2.3%Bosniaks, 2%Roma, 12.3%others | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | ||||||||
| GDP (PPP) | ||||||||
| External debt | 36.8% of GDP | 20.4% of GDP | 178.2% of GDP | 48.2% of GDP | ||||
| Currency | Leu (L) – RON | Lev (лв) – BGN | Euro (€) – EUR | Dinar (din) – RSD | ||||
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