Craig McKinley | |
|---|---|
.jpg) McKinley preparing for a NEEMO 7 training dive. | |
| Born | Craig Anthony McKinley (1964-07-14)July 14, 1964 Shelburne,Nova Scotia, Canada |
| Died | February 18, 2013(2013-02-18) (aged 48) |
| Education | B.S.,Electrical Engineering,University of New Brunswick; M.S.,Biomedical Engineering, University of New Brunswick; M.D.,University of Toronto |
| Occupation | physician |
| Employer | McMaster University |
| Known for | Aquanaut |
| Title | Assistant Professor |
| Spouse | Susan Hegge |
| Children | Samantha Mckinley (Sammi)Jessica McKinley (Jessi) |
| Parent | Joseph Garland MackinleyCarol Ann Hartlen |
Craig Anthony McKinley (July 14, 1964 – February 18, 2013)[1][2] was aCanadianphysician. On February 28, 2003, McKinley participated in the world's first telerobotic-assisted surgery, conducted at two hospitals separated by 400 kilometres. He later served as anaquanaut on the jointNASA-NOAANEEMO 7 underwater exploration mission in October 2004, where he and other aquanauts tested remote health care procedures with potential application for space travel.[3] McKinley experiencedproblems with alcohol and faced legal difficulties beginning in 2009. He lost his hospital privileges in 2011 and died in 2013.
McKinley was born inShelburne,Nova Scotia, Canada. He grew up inEastern Canada, living in several different communities throughout theMaritimes.[4]
McKinley attended theUniversity of New Brunswick where he obtained aBachelor of Science inElectrical Engineering, graduating with honors. Under a full National Science and Engineering Research Council postgraduate scholarship, he obtained aMaster of Science inBiomedical Engineering from the University of New Brunswick, graduating with honors. He then attended theUniversity of Toronto where he obtained hisMedical Doctorate with honor standing. Following his MD, he entered the General Surgical Fellowship training program at the University of Toronto. McKinley received numerous undergraduate and postgraduate scholarships including five National Science and Engineering Research Council grants.[4]
McKinley was formerly Faculty Staff at The Centre for Minimal Access Surgery (CMAS) atSt. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton inHamilton, Ontario, and was anassistant professor atMcMaster University in Hamilton. He was the North Bay program director of theUniversity of Ottawa's Northern Ontario General Surgery Residency Program and developed a fellowship-training program in Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery in North Bay. McKinley sat on the Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery Committee of theCanadian Association of General Surgeons.[4]
After enteringprivate practice in North Bay in 1999, McKinley's main interest was the development of an advancedlaparoscopic surgery program at theNorth Bay General Hospital. He was recognized as an expert in the feasibility of advanced laparoscopic surgery in acommunity hospital setting. McKinley published numerous peer-reviewed articles. His interests included the fields of telementored surgery,robotic surgery, and telerobotic surgery. McKinley was experienced at integrating these technologies into clinical practice.[4]
On February 28, 2003, McKinley participated in the world's first telerobotic-assisted surgery conducted at twohospitals.Mehran Anvari, the founder of CMAS, used a telerobotic system at St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton to operate a camera and surgical tools in theoperating room at North Bay General Hospital, almost 400 km away. Anvari's hand, wrist and finger movements were transmitted from Hamilton to North Bay to control the camera and instruments. McKinley positioned the instruments in North Bay and controlled theelectrocautery energy source. The two doctors successfully completed a laparoscopicNissen fundoplication surgery on a patient named Claudette Fortier.[5][6][7]
In October 2004, McKinley, a recreationaldiver,[8] became anaquanaut through his participation in the jointNASA-NOAA,NEEMO 7 (NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations) project, an exploration research mission held inAquarius, the world's onlyundersea research laboratory.[3][9][10] McKinley was theCanadian Space Agency's co-principal investigator for NEEMO 7, along with Mehran Anvari.[11] During the mission, McKinley wrote: "It is difficult to explain what it is like living in an underwater habitat... when something passes by our windows, it is not a bird but rather a fish. And when we leave our home, we don't go for a walk but rather a swim. It must be as strange for the fish as it is for us!"[12]
During the NEEMO 7 mission, McKinley and the other aquanauts tested remote health care procedures on a patient simulator in cooperation with CMAS. From thousands of miles away at St. Joseph's Healthcare in Hamilton, Anvari and other doctors guided the aquanauts as they performed surgeries on a patient simulator. Doctors in Hamilton also remotely controlled robotic instruments to do the work. The techniques simulated during NEEMO 7 can be used in remote settings onEarth, and may one day be used to respond to emergencies on theInternational Space Station, themoon, orMars.[10][11][13][14] The procedures simulated during the mission includedultrasound diagnosis,abscess drainage and akidney stone extraction.[8]
In April 2009, McKinley was arrested inNorth Bay, Ontario onassault charges.[15][5]
In September 2010 McKinley pleaded guilty to a criminal charge ofdrunk driving inParry Sound, Ontario, on November 12, 2008.[5] On April 8, 2009, McKinley was arrested in North Bay bydetectives in the Investigative Section of the North Bay Police Service. He was charged with eight counts ofassault,criminal harassment and uttering threats.[15] On August 4, 2010, McKinley failed to stop forpolice on the highway between Parry Sound andSudbury, Ontario. TheOntario Provincial Police called off their pursuit when McKinley, driving aPorsche, reached a speed of over 200 km/hour. He was arrested several hours later and spent three days in custody. McKinley pleaded guilty to a provincial offence for this incident in September 2010, at the same time he pleaded guilty to drunk driving, and agreed to pay nearly $10,000 in fines and a charitable donation.[5][16] He was also placed onprobation for a year.[16]
From August 20, 2010, to April 13, 2011, McKinley was suspended from practicing medicine by an executive committee with theCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario. During this period McKinley, who was experiencingproblems with alcohol, received treatment at theHomewood Health Centre inGuelph, Ontario, which specializes inaddiction treatment.[5][16] In January 2011, McKinley was arrested for violating a bail condition andobstructing justice by attempting to dissuade a witness from giving evidence.[5] He later admitted to sending the witness twoe-mails on January 8, 2011, threatening her with a public mischief charge and suggesting he would endanger her job by complaining to the organization overseeing her profession. He also urged her to make the Crown's office withdraw a complaint against him.[16] However, the same month McKinley's assault charges were stayed by Superior Court Justice Paul Rivard because the district Crown's office had prejudiced hisright to a fair trial. The Crown's office could not show it had responded to seven written requests from McKinley's lawyer to disclose evidence on the assault charges.[5]
In May 2011 he was placed onprobation forobstructing justice. He also lost his hospital privileges in Ontario.[16]
Craig McKinley died suddenly by suicide on February 18, 2013.[1]
Craig McKinley was the son of Joseph Garland McKinley and Carol Ann Hartlen. McKinley was the brother of Michelle Dana McClare and James Andrew McKinley. He had two daughters with spouse Susan Hegge, Samantha Donna-Anne McKinley and Jessica Doris-Jean McKinley.[17]
This article incorporatespublic domain material from websites or documents of theNational Aeronautics and Space Administration.
