| Crabronidae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Tachysphex sp. | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Superfamily: | Apoidea |
| Family: | Crabronidae Latreille, 1802 |
| Subfamilies | |
Crabronidae is a large family ofwasps within the superfamilyApoidea.[1][2]
This family has historically been treated as a subfamily in the now-defunctSpheciformes group under the familySphecidae. The Spheciformes included well over 200 genera, containing well over 9000 species.[1] Revision of these taxa resulted in the restriction of the Sphecidae to what was once the subfamily Sphecinae. As a result, the former Crabroninae was elevated to family status as Crabronidae. Subsequent revision has further restricted the Crabronidae. Several of the subfamilies of the Crabronidae are often treated as families in their own right, as is true of the most recent phylogenies. Of these lineages ofApoidea, only three were not included within Crabronidae in the past:Ampulicidae,Sphecidae, andAnthophila.
The followingphylogenetic tree is based on Sannet al., 2018, which usedphylogenomics to demonstrate that both the bees (Anthophila) and theSphecidae arose from within the former Crabronidae, which is thereforeparaphyletic, and which they suggested should be split into several families; the former familyHeterogynaidae nests within theBembicidae, as here defined.[1] These findings differ in several details from studies published by two other sets of authors in 2017, though all three studies demonstrate a paraphyletic "Crabronidae" and the need to establish additional families.[3][4]
| Apoidea | |
Further analysis by Sannet al. in 2021 resulted in the former Entomosericini (fromPemphredoninae) and Eremiaspheciinae being elevated to family status asEntomosericidae andEremiaspheciidae, respectively. The true phylogentic placements for both small families remain unresolved but outside of eitherPemphredonidae,Psenidae, and the lineage comprising Ammoplanidae and bees.[2]
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| In culture | ||
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