Cowlitz County, Washington | |
|---|---|
 Cowlitz County Courthouse | |
 Location within the U.S. state ofWashington | |
 Washington's location within theU.S. | |
| Coordinates:46°11′48″N122°40′42″W / 46.19667°N 122.67833°W /46.19667; -122.67833 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Washington |
| Founded | April 21, 1854 |
| Seat | Kelso |
| Largest city | Longview |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,166 sq mi (3,020 km2) |
| • Land | 1,140 sq mi (3,000 km2) |
| • Water | 26 sq mi (67 km2) 2.2% |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 110,730 |
• Estimate (2024) | 113,982 |
| • Density | 97.1/sq mi (37.5/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−8 (Pacific) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−7 (PDT) |
| Congressional district | 3rd |
| Website | co.cowlitz.wa.us |
Cowlitz County is acounty located in theU.S. state ofWashington. As of the2020 census, its population was 110,730.[1] The county seat isKelso,[2] and its largest city isLongview. The county was formed in April 1854.[3] Its name derives from the anglicized version of theCowlitz Indian termCow-e-liske, meaning either 'river of shifting sands' or 'capturing the medicine spirit.'[citation needed] Cowlitz comprises the Longview, WAMetropolitan statistical area, which is also included in thePortland-Vancouver-Salem,OR-WACombined statistical area.[4]
Prior to the Europeans' arrival to the area, it was inhabited by numerous Native American tribes, with the Cowlitz tribe being the largest. They were drawn to the region by the abundance ofsalmon. The Cowlitz are considered to be the first regional inhabitants to engage in commerce as they traded extensively with other tribes inWestern andEastern Washington. The Cowlitz Indian population declined significantly from the 1829-1830smallpox outbreak.
European explorers discovered and began navigating theColumbia River in 1792 asBritish Lieutenant W. R. Broughton sailed up the river to and past present day Cowlitz County. Then on November 5, 1805,Lewis and Clark camped at the mouth of theKalama River. Over the following days, they would reach the present sites of Kelso and Longview.
By the 1820s, theHudson's Bay Company had established a lucrativefur trade in the region. Furs were shipped down theCowlitz River to the Columbia where they were loaded and shipped around the world. Trade declined significantly in the late 1830s as over-hunting reduced the annual yields, and wearing fur had become less fashionable.
During the next several decades, white settlement of the region was in full swing. Most of the settlers homesteaded near the tributaries that fed the Columbia River, forming settlements. The first was Monticello, near present-day Longview. In 1841 several families with the HBC directedSinclair expedition fromRed River Colony settled there.
On November 25, 1852, at Monticello, settlers from the Cowlitz andPuget Sound regions drafted a petition (theMonticello Convention) to the federal government, calling for a separate territory north of the Columbia River to be carved out of the existingOregon Territory. The petition was successful; three months later theUnited States Congress formed the Columbia Territory, although it was soon renamedWashington Territory.
The newly separated territory was governed by two existing counties. In August 1845, the Oregon Territorial government had created Vancouver County. Its boundary covered the entire area of present-day Washington state. In December of that same year, the Oregon Territorial government sliced off the eastern portion to createLewis County. In 1849 the reduced Vancouver County was renamedClark County. So when the new Washington Territorial government began functioning, among its first actions was the creation of Cowlitz County, from the southwestern portion of Clark County. This proclamation was finalized on April 24, 1854, signed into law by GovernorIsaac Stevens. Later in 1854, the western portion of the new county was partitioned off to formWahkiakum County; otherwise the county's boundary has remained unchanged until the present.
Nearly every town that sprang up in the late 19th century began around alogging orlumber-milling operation. In the latter half of the 1920s, theWeyerhaeuser Company andLong-Bell Lumber Company established processing facilities. At the time, these two facilities were the first and second largest in the world. The county is still heavily dependent on the timber industry.[5]
Four towns have functioned as the Cowlitz County seat:[6]
Cowlitz County is in the southwestern part of Washington state. According to theU.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,166 square miles (3,020 km2), of which 1,140 square miles (3,000 km2) is land and 26 square miles (67 km2) (2.2%) is water.[7]
Cowlitz County is part of the Puget Sound – Willamette Depression, a geologic formation extending southward from the Puget Sound to theWillamette Valley inOregon. Nestled against theCascade Mountains, many of the county's major rivers originate in this range, including the Columbia, Cowlitz,Coweeman, Kalama,Lewis andToutle.[5]
Cowlitz County is one of the state's smaller counties (28 of 39).[8]
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1860 | 406 | — | |
| 1870 | 730 | 79.8% | |
| 1880 | 2,062 | 182.5% | |
| 1890 | 5,917 | 187.0% | |
| 1900 | 7,877 | 33.1% | |
| 1910 | 12,561 | 59.5% | |
| 1920 | 11,791 | −6.1% | |
| 1930 | 31,906 | 170.6% | |
| 1940 | 40,155 | 25.9% | |
| 1950 | 53,369 | 32.9% | |
| 1960 | 57,801 | 8.3% | |
| 1970 | 68,616 | 18.7% | |
| 1980 | 79,548 | 15.9% | |
| 1990 | 82,119 | 3.2% | |
| 2000 | 92,948 | 13.2% | |
| 2010 | 102,410 | 10.2% | |
| 2020 | 110,730 | 8.1% | |
| 2024 (est.) | 113,982 | [10] | 2.9% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[11] 1790–1960[12] 1900–1990[13] 1990–2000[14] 2010–2020[1] | |||
As of the2020 census, there were 110,730 people, 42,787 households, and 28,644 families residing in the county.[15] Thepopulation density was 97.0 inhabitants per square mile (37.5/km2). There were 45,424 housing units at an average density of 39.8 inhabitants per square mile (15.4/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 82.0%White, 0.7%African American, 1.6%Native American, 1.6%Asian, 0.6%Pacific Islander, 4.3% from some other races and 9.2% from two or more races.Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 9.8% of the population.[16] 22.3% of residents were under the age of 18, 5.6% were under 5 years of age, and 20.2% were 65 and older.
As of the2010 census, there were 102,410 people, 40,244 households, and 27,241 families living in the county. The population density was 89.8 people per square mile (34.7 people/km2). There were 43,450 housing units at an average density of 38.1 units per square mile (14.7 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 88.9% White, 1.5% Asian, 1.5% American Indian, 0.6% black or African American, 0.2% Pacific islander, 3.5% from other races, and 3.7% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 7.8% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 24.4% wereGerman, 15.0% wereIrish, 12.3% wereEnglish, 6.2% wereNorwegian, and 5.4% wereAmerican.
Of the 40,244 households, 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.2% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.3% were non-families, and 25.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.99. The median age was 40.2 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $45,877 and the median income for a family was $55,002. Males had a median income of $48,329 versus $32,438 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,948. About 11.8% of families and 16.9% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 23.3% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.
The county had been reliably Democratic in Presidential elections for over three decades, andWalter Mondale won this county inRonald Reagan's 49-state landslide in 1984.Donald Trump won a majority of the vote in 2016, 2020, and 2024, becoming the first Republican to win this county since Reagan in 1980.
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 1892 | 738 | 41.69% | 566 | 31.98% | 466 | 26.33% |
| 1896 | 989 | 49.75% | 974 | 48.99% | 25 | 1.26% |
| 1900 | 1,171 | 63.33% | 619 | 33.48% | 59 | 3.19% |
| 1904 | 1,589 | 77.32% | 317 | 15.43% | 149 | 7.25% |
| 1908 | 1,573 | 65.65% | 617 | 25.75% | 206 | 8.60% |
| 1912 | 1,348 | 34.66% | 919 | 23.63% | 1,622 | 41.71% |
| 1916 | 2,113 | 55.11% | 1,282 | 33.44% | 439 | 11.45% |
| 1920 | 2,267 | 61.49% | 801 | 21.72% | 619 | 16.79% |
| 1924 | 3,274 | 55.66% | 927 | 15.76% | 1,681 | 28.58% |
| 1928 | 5,882 | 68.76% | 2,581 | 30.17% | 91 | 1.06% |
| 1932 | 3,767 | 33.90% | 5,443 | 48.98% | 1,903 | 17.12% |
| 1936 | 3,617 | 25.31% | 10,147 | 71.00% | 528 | 3.69% |
| 1940 | 6,078 | 34.31% | 11,420 | 64.47% | 216 | 1.22% |
| 1944 | 6,157 | 36.65% | 10,485 | 62.41% | 157 | 0.93% |
| 1948 | 7,098 | 37.55% | 11,075 | 58.59% | 729 | 3.86% |
| 1952 | 12,366 | 52.08% | 11,242 | 47.34% | 138 | 0.58% |
| 1956 | 11,912 | 48.80% | 12,448 | 51.00% | 50 | 0.20% |
| 1960 | 12,103 | 49.79% | 12,054 | 49.58% | 153 | 0.63% |
| 1964 | 6,708 | 27.38% | 17,605 | 71.85% | 188 | 0.77% |
| 1968 | 10,842 | 42.10% | 13,363 | 51.90% | 1,545 | 6.00% |
| 1972 | 14,431 | 51.21% | 12,682 | 45.00% | 1,069 | 3.79% |
| 1976 | 12,531 | 44.11% | 14,958 | 52.66% | 917 | 3.23% |
| 1980 | 13,154 | 45.93% | 12,560 | 43.86% | 2,925 | 10.21% |
| 1984 | 14,858 | 47.98% | 15,361 | 49.60% | 749 | 2.42% |
| 1988 | 12,009 | 42.19% | 16,090 | 56.53% | 366 | 1.29% |
| 1992 | 10,000 | 28.96% | 15,052 | 43.59% | 9,477 | 27.45% |
| 1996 | 11,221 | 33.48% | 18,054 | 53.87% | 4,240 | 12.65% |
| 2000 | 16,873 | 45.65% | 18,233 | 49.33% | 1,856 | 5.02% |
| 2004 | 20,217 | 47.54% | 21,589 | 50.76% | 724 | 1.70% |
| 2008 | 19,554 | 42.96% | 24,597 | 54.05% | 1,361 | 2.99% |
| 2012 | 20,746 | 46.09% | 22,726 | 50.49% | 1,540 | 3.42% |
| 2016 | 24,185 | 51.30% | 17,908 | 37.99% | 5,049 | 10.71% |
| 2020 | 34,424 | 57.11% | 23,938 | 39.71% | 1,918 | 3.18% |
| 2024 | 34,580 | 58.29% | 22,825 | 38.47% | 1,920 | 3.24% |
Places adjacent to Cowlitz County, Washington | ||||||||||||||||
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Municipalities and communities ofCowlitz County, Washington,United States | ||
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| Other communities | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
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