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Acoven (/kʌvən/) is a group or gathering ofwitches. The word "coven" (fromAnglo-Normancovent, cuvent, from Old Frenchcovent, fromLatinconventum = convention) remained largely unused inEnglish until 1921 whenMargaret Murray promoted theidea that all witches across Europe met in groups of thirteen which they called "covens".[1]
InWicca and other similar forms ofmodern paganwitchcraft, such asStregheria andFeri, a coven is a gathering or community ofwitches, like an affinity group, engagement group, or small covenant group. It is composed of a group of practitioners who gather together for rituals such asDrawing Down the Moon, or celebrating theSabbats.[2] The place at which they generally meet is called acovenstead.[3]
The number of people involved may vary. Although some consider thirteen to be ideal (probably in deference toMurray's theories), any group of at least three can be a coven.[4] A group of two is usually called a "working couple" (regardless of their gender). It can also unofficially be called an "Obaven" by some members of the community, derived from the Scottish Gaelic word "obair" meaning work, a tribute to the more official term "working couple", aportmanteau with the word "coven". Thus creating the word, "Obaven". Within the community, many believe that a coven larger than thirteen is unwieldy, citing unwieldy group dynamics and an unfair burden on the leadership.[5] When a coven has grown too large to be manageable, it may split, or "hive". In Wicca, this may also occur when a newly madeHigh Priest orHigh Priestess, also called3rd Degree initiation, leaves to start their own coven.[6]
Wiccan covens are usually jointly led by aHigh Priestess and aHigh Priest, although some are led by only one or the other, and some by a same-sex couple. In more recent forms of modern pagan witchcraft, covens are sometimes run as democracies with a rotating leadership.[7]
With the rise of the Internet as a platform for collaborative discussion and media dissemination, it became popular for adherents and practitioners of Wicca to establish "online covens" which remotely teach tradition-specific crafts to students in a similar method of education as non-religiousvirtualonline schools. One of the first online covens to take this route is theCoven of the Far Flung Net (CFFN), which was established in 1997 as the online arm of theChurch of Universal Eclectic Wicca.[8]
However, because of potentially-unwieldy membership sizes,[clarification needed] many online covens limit their memberships to anywhere between 10 and 100 students. The CFFN, in particular, tried[when?] to devolve its structure into a system of sub-coven clans (which governed their own application processes), a system which ended in 2003 due to fears by the CFFN leadership that the clans were becoming communities in their own right.[citation needed]
The Urban Coven is a group founded onFacebook byBecca Gordon for women inLos Angeles to gather, hike, and howl at theMoon. It meets monthly and is estimated to have almost 3,500 members. A January 2016 gathering atGriffith Park drew nearly 1,000 women, and was described as follows:
A lot of the women ... were there in groups — mothers and daughters, friends, colleagues. Some arrived solo and struck up conversations with other women or hiked in solitude.[9]
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