The county is the second largest in England and has a varied geography. The south-east contains part ofthe Fens, a naturally marshy region which has been drained for agriculture, and the south-west is an upland region.[9][10] A widevale runs north–south from the centre to the north of the county.[11][12] To its east, the chalk hills of theLincolnshire Wolds,[11] which have been designated anational landscape,[13] occupy the north-east, with a coastal plain and theLincolnshire Marsh beyond.[14] The west of the vale is demarcated by theLincolnshire Edge, a long escarpment; at its northern end are the Coversands, an area ofheath.[15][16] Beyond the edge, the western border of the county contains the eastern part of theTrent Valley and, in the north, part of theHumberhead Levels,[17][18] with theRiver Trent itself forming part of the border.
Lincolnshire has had a comparatively quiet history, being a rural county which was not heavily industrialised and faced little threat of invasion. In the Roman era Lincoln was a major settlement, calledLindum Colonia. In the fifth century what would become the county was settled by the invadingAngles, who established theKingdom of Lindsey in the north of the region. Lincoln became the centre of adiocese in 1072, andLincoln Cathedral was built over the following centuries. The late Middle Ages were a particularly prosperous period, when wealth fromwool trade facilitated the building ofgrand churches such asSt Botolph's Church, Boston. During the Second World War the relatively flat topography of the county made it an important base for theRoyal Air Force, which built several airfields and based two bomber squadrons in the area.
Large numbers of Germanic speakers from continental Europe settled in the region following the withdrawal of the Romans. Though these were later identified asAngles, it is unlikely that they migrated as part of an organized tribal group.[19][20] Thus, the main language of the region quickly becameOld English. However, it is possible that Brittonic continued to be spoken in some communities as late as the eighth century.[21]
Modern-day Lincolnshire is derived from the merging of the territory of theKingdom of Lindsey with that controlled by theDanelawborough ofStamford. For some time the entire county was called "Lindsey", and it is recorded as such in the 11th-centuryDomesday Book. Later, the nameLindsey was applied to the northern core, around Lincoln. This emerged as one of the threeParts of Lincolnshire, along with the Parts ofHolland in the south-east, and the Parts ofKesteven in the south-west, which each had separateQuarter Sessions as their county administrations. Lindsay was traditionally split between theNorth,South andWest Ridings of Lindsey.
The historic county boundaries of Lincolnshire in 1832County and County Borough areas pre 1965Until the early 19th Century there was no fixed land border between Lincolnshire and Norfolk as the two counties were separated by the former “Cross Keys Wash” which could only be crossed at low tide by a causeway.
The geographical layout of Lincolnshire is quite extensive and mostly separated by many rivers and rolling countryside. The north of the county begins from where theIsle of Axholme is located near the meeting points of the riversOuse andTrent near to theHumber. From there, the southside of theHumber estuary forms the border between Lincolnshire and theEast Riding of Yorkshire. From there, the south bank of the Humber Estuary where theHumber Bridge crosses the estuary atBarton upon Humber, is used primarily for theshipping ports atImmingham,New Holland andGrimsby. From there, the rest of the southern bank forms theLincolnshire Coast fromCleethorpes toMablethorpe and then ontoSkegness. From Skegness, the rest of the Lincolnshire Coastline forms the sea boundary and border withNorfolk at theWash. The coast then atBoston becomes the meeting point of the riversWelland andHaven in an area known as the "Fosdyke Wash".
The rest of the sea boundary runs fromFosdyke to the east ofSutton Bridge, where the current land boundary withNorfolk is located in a narrow area of reclaimed farmland just to the east of theRiver Nene but until as recently as the early 19th century there was no land border between Lincolnshire and Norfolk as it was separated from each other by the "Cross Keys Wash" a former area of estuary and marshland where the River Nene used to flow out into the Wash and could only be crossed at low tide by a causeway or ferry and was the natural boundary between the two counties. The causeway known at the time as the "Wash Way" was renowned as being particularly treacherous and the safer route was to go into Norfolk from Lincolnshire via the Cambridgeshire town ofWisbech and this element remains to the present day as theCross Keys Bridge atSutton Bridge provides the only direct access point to Norfolk from Lincolnshire over theRiver Nene some nine miles north of Wisbech. The border with Lincolnshire toCambridgeshire begins atCrowland,Market Deeping andStamford which form the southern boundary of the county with bothPeterborough,Rutland and brieflyNorthamptonshire; the county's border withNorthamptonshire is just 20 yards (19 m) long, England's shortest county boundary.[22] From there, the border withLeicestershire andNottinghamshire begins atSleaford,Grantham,Lincoln andGainsborough. From Gainsborough, the border withSouth Yorkshire begins atHaxey andEpworth before looping back to the original north of the county nearScunthorpe with East Riding of Yorkshire at the Isle of Axholme andGoole.[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]
Bedrock in Lincolnshire features Jurassiclimestone (near Lincoln) and Cretaceouschalk (north-east). The area aroundWoodhall Spa andKirkby on Bain is dominated by gravel and sand.[34] For much of prehistory, Lincolnshire was under tropical seas, and most fossils found in the county are marine invertebrates. Marine vertebrates have also been found includingichthyosaurus andplesiosaur.[35][36]
The highest point in Lincolnshire isWolds Top (168 m, 551 ft), atNormanby le Wold.[37] Some parts ofthe Fens may be below sea level. The nearest mountains are in Derbyshire.
The biggest rivers in Lincolnshire are theTrent, running northwards fromStaffordshire up the western edge of the county to theHumber estuary, and theWitham, which begins in Lincolnshire atSouth Witham and runs for 132 km (82 miles) through the middle of the county, eventually emptying into theNorth Sea atThe Wash. The Humber estuary, on Lincolnshire's northern border, is also fed by theRiver Ouse. The Wash is also the mouth of theWelland, theNene and theGreat Ouse.
Lincolnshire's geography is fairly varied, but consists of several distinct areas:
Lincolnshire Wolds: area of rolling hills in the north-east of the county designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
The Fens: dominating the south-east quarter of the county
The Marshes: running along the coast of the county
Lincoln Edge or Cliff: limestone escarpment running north–south along the western half of the county
TheLocal Government Act 1888 establishedcounty councils for each of the parts of Lincolnshire – Lindsey, Holland and Kesteven – and came into effect on 1 April 1889. Lincoln was made an independentcounty borough on the same date, withGrimsby following in 1891.[42]
The Central Lincolnshire area is a joint partnership arrangement betweenNorth Kesteven,Lincoln andWest Lindsey, covering economic planning and development across the three districts.[50][51][52]
Separate to the newly establisheddevolution deal for Greater Lincolnshire three separate proposals for the future governance of Lincolnshire were published in March 2025. Option One would see a single council for the area that currently makes up Lincolnshire County Council and a merger of the current two unitary authorities of North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire in the north of the county to make a single council. Option Two would see Lincolnshire split into two separate unitary authorities on a north/south basis with North Lincolnshire, North East Lincolnshire, East and West Lindsey making up the northern council area whilst Lincoln, North and South Kesteven, Boston and South Holland making up the southern council area. Option Three would see Lincolnshire split up into three council areas, one covering Lincoln, West Lindsey, North Kesteven and South Kesteven, the second covering East Lindsey, Boston and South Holland and the third covering North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire.[53]
Lincolnshire has long been a primarily agricultural area, and it continues to grow large amounts ofwheat,barley,sugar beet, andoilseed rape. In south Lincolnshire, where the soil is particularly rich in nutrients, some of the most common crops includepotatoes,cabbages,cauliflowers, andonions. Lincolnshire farmers often break world records for crop yields.[55][56] South Lincolnshire is also home to one of the UK's leadingagricultural experiment stations, located inSutton Bridge and operated by thePotato Council; Sutton Bridge Crop Storage Research engages in research for the British potato industry.[57]
TheLincoln Longwool is a rare breed of sheep, named after the region, which was developed both for wool and mutton, at least 500 years ago, and has the longest fleece of any sheep breed.[58] TheLincoln Red is an old breed of beef cattle, originating from the county. In the mid 20th century most farms in Lincolnshire moved away from mixed farming to specialise in arable cropping, partly due to cheap wool imports, partly to take advantage of efficiencies of scale and partly because the drier land on the eastern side of England is particularly suitable for arable cropping.[citation needed]
Mechanisation around 1900 greatly diminished the number of workers required to operate the county's relatively large farms, and the proportion of workers in the agricultural sector dropped substantially during this period.[citation needed] Several major engineering companies developed in Lincoln,Gainsborough andGrantham to support those changes. Among these wasFosters of Lincoln, which built the firsttank, andRichard Hornsby & Sons of Grantham. Most such industrial companies left during late 20th-century restructuring.[citation needed]
Today,immigrant workers, mainly fromnew member states of the European Union in Central and Eastern Europe, form a large component of the seasonal agricultural workforce, particularly in the south of the county. Here more labour-intensive crops are produced, such as small vegetables and cut flowers. This seasonal influx of migrant labour occasionally causes tension between the migrant workforce and local people, in a county which had been relatively unaccustomed to large-scale immigration.[citation needed] Agricultural training is provided atRiseholme College and in 2016 theUniversity of Lincoln opened the Lincoln Institute for Agri-Food Technology.
According to an Intra-governmental Group on Geographic Information (IGGI) study in 2000,[59] the town centres were ranked by area thus (including North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire areas):
Lincolnshire is one of the few counties in the UK that still uses theeleven-plus to decide who may attendgrammar school. As a result, many towns in Lincolnshire have both a grammar school and asecondary modern school. Lincolnshire's rural character means that some larger villages also have primary schools and are served by buses to nearby high schools.
Lincoln itself, however, is primarily non-selective, as is the area within a radius of about seven miles. In this area, almost all children attendcomprehensive schools, though it is still possible to opt into the eleven-plus system. This gives rise to the unusual result that those who pass the eleven-plus can attend a grammar school outside the Lincoln comprehensive area, but those who do not pass still attend a (partly non-selective) comprehensive school.
Since April 1994, Lincolnshire has had anair ambulance service.[61] The air ambulance is stationed atRAF Waddington near Lincoln and can reach emergencies in Lincolnshire within 25 minutes. An A&E hospital is only 10 minutes away by helicopter from any accident in Lincolnshire.
Being on the economic periphery of England, Lincolnshire's transport links are poorly developed compared with many other parts of the United Kingdom. The road network in the county is dominated bysingle carriagewayA roads and local roads (B roads) as opposed tomotorways anddual carriageways. The administrative county of Lincolnshire is one of the few UK counties without a motorway, and until several years ago, it was said that there was only about 35 km (22 mi) of dual carriageway in the whole of Lincolnshire. However theM180 motorway passes throughNorth Lincolnshire, splitting into two dual carriageway trunk roads to theHumber Bridge andGrimsby, and theA46 is now dual carriageway betweenNewark-on-Trent and Lincoln.
The low population density of the county means there are few railway stations and train services, considering the county's large area. Many of the county's railway stations were permanently closed following theBeeching Report of 1963. The most notable reopening has been the line and two stations between Lincoln andSleaford, which reopened within months of the Beeching closure. Most other closed lines in the county were lifted long ago and much of the trackbed has returned to agricultural use.
A daily through train service operated between Cleethorpes and London King's Cross viaGrimsby,Market Rasen andLincoln Central until the late 1980s. TheHumberlincs Executive, as the service was known, was operated by anInterCity 125, but was discontinued following the electrification of theEast Coast Main Line. Passengers to/from London now have to change trains atNewark North Gate. However, the East Coast Main Line passes through the western edge of the county and one can catch direct trains to London fromGrantham.
A rural road in Lincolnshire
Most rail services are currently operated byEast Midlands Railway andNorthern Trains.London North Eastern Railway (LNER),Hull Trains andCrossCountry have services which pass through the county, with LNER trains frequently passing and stopping at Grantham, on the East Coast Main Line and a service every other hour toLincoln, while CrossCountry trains stop at Stamford on their way betweenBirmingham andStansted Airport. Stations along the Humber are served byTransPennine Express services betweenManchester Airport and Cleethorpes. One of the most infrequent services in the UK is in Lincolnshire: theSheffield-Gainsborough Central-Cleethorpes line has passenger trains only on a Saturday, with three trains in both directions. This line is, however, used for freight. Hull Trains also stops at Grantham before continuing its journey to either Kings Cross or Hull.
On 22 May 2011,East Coast started a Lincoln-London service, initially one train a day each way, and there is a northbound service on a Sunday. This was increased in 2019 to a service every two hours. East Midlands Railway also run a daily (Mon-Sat) service each way between Lincoln andLondon St Pancras, though this is a stopping service which takes around three hours viaNottingham, compared to LNER's service to London King's Cross which takes around 1 hour 50 minutes.
A small part of theThorne Waste area of the town ofThorne in South Yorkshire, known as the Yorkshire Triangle, currently falls under North Lincolnshire.[67][68]
The majority of tourism in Lincolnshire relies on the coastal resorts and towns to the east of theLincolnshire Wolds. The county has some of the best-known seaside resorts in the United Kingdom, which are a major attraction to visitors from across England, especially theEast Midlands and parts ofYorkshire. There are three main coastal resorts in Lincolnshire and several smaller village resorts:
Skegness town centre, showing the clock tower and the "Jolly Fisherman" sculpture/fountain
The second largest group of resorts along the coast is composed of the seaside towns ofMablethorpe andSutton-on-Sea, famous for its golden sands, and the neighbouring village resort ofTrusthorpe. This area also offers leisure activities and has large caravan and holiday sites. The area is less developed, with fewer amusement arcades and nightclubs, and poorer road links to the rest of the county; but the area offers a more traditional seaside setting.
A view up 'Steep Hill' towards the historic quarter of Bailgate in LincolnLincolnshire mobile library atPode Hole.Lincolnshire County Council operate five routes, covering small villages in this large, sparse, county. Each location is visited once a month.[69]
Lincolnshire has arustic culture. Due to the large distances between the towns, many villages have remained very self-contained, with many still having shops, pubs, local halls and local chapels and churches, offering a variety of social activities for residents. Fishing (in the extensive river and drainage system in the fens) and shooting are popular activities. A lot of the culture in Lincoln itself is based upon its history.Lincoln Museum is an archaeological museum and art gallery in Lincoln. Lincoln Cathedral also plays a large part in Lincoln's culture, hosting many events throughout the year, from concert recitals to indoor food markets.
A Lincolnshire tradition was that front doors were used for only three things: a new baby, a bride, and a coffin.[70]
Those born in Lincolnshire are sometimes given the nickname ofYellowbellies (often spelt "Yeller Bellies", to reflect the pronunciation of the phrase by the typical Lincolnshire farmer). The origin of this term is debated but is most commonly believed to derive from the uniform of the10th Regiment of Foot (later theLincolnshire Regiment) which featured yellow facings. For this reason, thecoat of arms of Lincolnshire County Council is supported by two officers of the regiment.[73]
In common with most otherNorthern andMidlands dialects in England, "flat"a is preferred, i.e./bæθ/ over/bɑːθ/, and also traditionally in words like 'water', pronounced/ˈwætər/watter (though such a pronunciation is rarely heard nowadays). Similarly,/ʌ/ is usually replaced by/ʊ/. Features rather more confined to Lincolnshire include:
Elaboration ofReceived Pronunciation English/eɪ/ or/iː/ into a complextriphthong approximating, and oftentranscribed-air- or-yair-. For example: 'mate'[m(j)ɛːət]; 'beast'[b(j)ɛːəst];tates (potatoes)[t(j)ɛːəts].
An equivalent elaboration of standard English/oʊ/ – commonly[oː] inNorthern England – into-ooa-. For example, 'boat'[bʊːət].
Insertion of an extraschwa into the standard Englishdiphthong/aʊ/.
Vocabulary: 'duck' as a term of endearment or informal address, 'mardy' meaning upset or angry,mowt (pronounced like 'mout') for 'might',while as a substitute for standard English 'until',frit meaning frightened,grufty meaning dirty or disgusting, and the inimitablesalutationnow then!? (hello), sometimes writtennairn to reflect pronunciation.
In the north-east of the county, around Grimsby and Immingham, thenurse-square merger can be heard, as is also the case along the east coast of Yorkshire and also in Liverpool. Words that take/ɜː/ in RP take/ɛː/ in these areas.
Lincolnshire has its own dialect "champion", a farmer from the village ofMinting called Farmer Wink (real name Robert Carlton), who has produced videos about rural life, narrated in his broad Lincolnshire accent. A resident ofWoodhall Spa has published a dictionary of words once prevalent in parts of the county.[74]
Lincolnshire was historically associated with theLincolnshire bagpipes, instruments derided as coarse and unpleasant in contemporary literature, but noted as very popular in the county. The last player,John Hunsley of Middle Manton,[77] died in 1851,[78] and since then the instrument has been extinct.
The Australian composerPercy Grainger made what are thought to be the first recordings of British Folksongs between 1906 and 1908 in Lincolnshire using a waxPhonograph Cylinder. These are now housed in theBritish Library.[79][80] They included songs sung byJoseph Taylor of Saxby-All-Saints who became the first folk singer to be commercially recorded and whose rendition ofBrigg Fair inspired classical works by Grainger andFrederick Delius. In 1937, Grainger wrote hisLincolnshire Posy for wind band. The piece is a compilation of folk songs ("bunch of wildflowers") collected by the composer in and around the county of Lincolnshire.[81]Ralph Vaughan Williams was a frequent guest atGunby Hall. The manuscript of his collected folksong "Daffodils" is in their collection.[82]
Stuffed chine – this is salted neck-chine of a pig taken from between the shoulder blades, salted for up to ten months and stuffed withparsley (other ingredients are normally kept secret), and served cold.[85]
Haslet – a type of pork loaf, also flavoured with sage (pronounced HAYSS-let or AYSS-let in Lincolnshire but HAZ-let in many other parts of the country).[85]
Lincolnshire sausages – most butchers in Lincolnshire have their own secret recipe for these and a competition is held each year to judge the best sausages in the county. Traditional Lincolnshire sausages are made entirely from minced pork, stale bread crumb (rusk is used nowadays) pepper, sage and salt. The skins should be natural casings which are made from the intestines of either sheep or pig.
Pork pies – the same pork butchers will take a pride in their unique recipe for pork pies.
Plum bread – as withplum pudding, plum refers todried fruit, namely currants, raisins and sultanas, sometimes soaked in tea.
Grantham Gingerbread – a hard white ginger biscuit.
Lincolnshire Poacher cheese – a cheddar-style cheese produced inAlford. Lincolnshire Poacher has won numerous awards over the years including Supreme Champion at the 1996/7 British Cheese Awards and Best British Cheese at the World Cheese awards in 2001/2.
Batemans ales – a beer brewed inWainfleet and served in many pubs in the county and further afield.
There are several small breweries.
Grimsby is renowned for its fishing industry, and historicallyGrimsby Fish has carried a premium price. Since the decline of the fishing industry following entry to the European Economic Community in the 1970s this is no longer the case, with the majority of fish sold at the town's fish market being brought overland from other ports. However,Grimsby Fish is still a recognisedproduct, one associated with a particular area that specialises in and has expertise in a particular trade (cfSheffield steel). In 2009smoked fish from the town was grantedProtected Geographical Indication by theEuropean Union, reflecting the unique smoking methods used by certain local fish companies.[86]
Craft chocolatiers can be found throughout[87][88][89] the county, such as Hansens[90] inFolkingham.[91] In 2013 Redstar Chocolate's "Duffy's Venezuela Ocumare Milk" won a gold medal as best bean-to-bar.[92][93] The factory is in Cleethorpes.[94]
Every year theLincolnshire Agricultural Society, founded in 1869, stages theLincolnshire Agricultural Show.[95] It is held on the Wednesday and Thursday of the last whole week of June at its showground atGrange de Lings, a few miles north of Lincoln on theA15. The show was first held here in 1958. First held around the year 1884, it is one of the largest agricultural shows in the country, and is attended by around 100,000 people over its two days. The showground is in regular use throughout the year for a wide range of other events and functions.
Smaller local agricultural shows, such as theHeckington Show[96] can still be found.Corby Glen sheep fair[97] has been held since 1238.
Each yearRAF Waddington is the home to the RAF International Waddington Air Show. The two-day event attracts around 150,000 people and usually takes place during the first weekend of July. Since its inception over 35 countries have participated, with aircraft from around the globe attending the Lincolnshire Base. Beginning 2017, the event will be held at nearby RAF Scampton.
On the Monday before Easter, an unusual auction takes place inBourne to let the grazing rights of the Whitebread Meadow.[99] Bidding takes place while two boys race toward the Queen's Bridge in Eastgate, the end of which dash is equivalent to the falling of the gavel. The whole affair dates back to the 1742 will of William Clay.
TheHaxey Hood village competition takes place every January, as it has for over 700 years.
Stamford's Mid-Lent fair sees showmen converge on the town the week afterMothering Sunday, with rides and sideshows filling Broad Street, the Sheepmarket and the Meadows for a week. Stalls selling Grantham gingerbread and nougat are a traditional feature. The following week sees them in Grantham, on the way north for the Summer.Roger Tuby brings a small funfair toBourne and then to Spalding in Spring and returns in Autumn at the end of the season.
The villages ofTetford andSalmonby hold an annual Scarecrow Festival in May every year.
TheBelchford Downhill Challenge which is held every two years: soapbox racers race down the hill at up to 30 km/h. The turnout has been up to 1,000.
Lincoln Christmas Market, was a street market held throughout the historic area of the city at the start of December, it was one of the largestChristmas markets in Europe, attracting over 250,000 people[100] over the four-day event. Around the same time, Christmas lights are turned on in Bourne, Sleaford, Skegness, and other towns.
TheSpalding Flower Parade was held in late spring every year between 1959 and 2013. Colourful floats decorated with tulip heads competed for a cup.[102]
Lost Village Festival is an annual music and arts event held in a secluded woodland near Norton Disney. Founded in 2015, the festival features a diverse program of live music, DJ sets, immersive theatre, comedy, and interactive experiences.[1]
The Asylum Steampunk Festival, frequently referred to simply as the Steampunk Festival in Lincoln, is an annual convention and celebration of steampunk culture held in the historic Cathedral Quarter of Lincoln, England. Established in 2009, it is recognized as one of the largest steampunk gatherings in Europe. The festival usually takes place over the August Bank Holiday weekend, drawing enthusiasts from across the globe.[103]
The gold Victorian-style Penfold post box in Lincoln painted in recognition of ParalympianSophie Wells who won the gold medal in the team Equestrian event at the2012 Paralympic Games in London. It is the onlypost box painted gold in the county.
The main sports played in the county arefootball,cricket andrugby union. Lincolnshire does not have a high sporting profile, mainly due to the lack of facilities and high-profile football teams. Probably the most well-known sporting venues in Lincolnshire areCadwell Park near Louth, where a round of the British Motorbike Championship is held on the last Monday of August every year and the racecourse atMarket Rasen
Scunthorpe Rugby Club are the most notablerugby union team from Lincolnshire, and will play in the fifth level of the English league system in the 2017–18 season. Other notable teams include Market Rasen and Louth RUFC, Lincoln RFC, andBoston RFC.
Lincolnshire is home to one racecourse, atMarket Rasen.
Cadwell Park is the only motor-racing course in Lincolnshire. There is a speedway track in Scunthorpe, home of theScunthorpe Scorpions, and stock-car racing at a stadium at Orby, nearSkegness.
The flag of the historic county of LincolnshireTheLincoln Imp high above the choir on the southern side of Lincoln Cathedral
The unofficial anthem of the county is the traditional folk song, "The Lincolnshire Poacher", which dates from around 1776. A version of the song was the theme forBBC Radio Lincolnshire for many years.
In August 2005,BBC Radio Lincolnshire andLincolnshire Life magazine launched a vote for aflag of Lincolnshire to represent the county. Six competing designs were voted upon by locals and the winning submission was unveiled in October 2005.[106][107] Lincoln has its own flag – St George's flag with a Fleur-de-Lys.
TheLincoln Imp has symbolised cathedral, city and county for many years.[108][109] In 2006 it was replaced as the brand of Lincolnshire County Council by the stylised version seen on the header here[2] which has lost even the unique pose of the carving.
The county is home to one daily newspaper, theGrimsby Telegraph which is published in the town and whose circulation area ostensibly covers North East Lincolnshire, although it reaches as far south as Louth and Alford and as west asBrigg.
There are two further weekly papers which used to be published daily until 2011; theLincolnshire Echo is published weekly from Lincoln and covers the majority of the county reaching as far north as Louth, and theScunthorpe Telegraph which covers northern Lincolnshire. All three are ultimately owned byReach plc.
There are also a number of weekly papers serving individual towns published in the county byIliffe Media. One of these, theStamford Mercury, claims to be Britain's oldest newspaper, although it is now a typical local weekly and no longer covers stories from the whole East Midlands as the archived copies did.
From 1959 to July 1974ITV programmes were provided byAnglia Television, based inNorwich with news offices in Grimsby.[110] Following a transmitter change, ITV services were provided byYorkshire Television. This company kept open the offices in Grimsby and opened further facilities in Lincoln, although both of these closed in the mid-1990s.
Because of its flat geography and low population density, Lincolnshire is an ideal place for airfields, and theAir Ministry built prolifically with the county hosting nearly seventy separate air bases. It became known as "bomber county".[112] Since the end of theSecond World War most of these airfields or stations were decommissioned, but the RAF retains a significant footprint in Lincolnshire for the air defence of the United Kingdom and aircrew training. For more information on former bases, seeList of former RAF stations.
Two major front-line bases located in Lincolnshire areRAF Coningsby, which is one of only two RAFQuick Reaction Alert (QRA) Stations in the United Kingdom and home to theEurofighter Typhoon jet fighters, andRAF Waddington, where most of the RAF's Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance aircraft are based. TheRed Arrows Aerobatic Team has also been based at Waddington since October 2022 after their previous base,RAF Scampton, was closed down.[113] Other stations in Lincolnshire includeRAF Cranwell, home to all Air Force Basic Officer Training for the Royal Air Force;RAF Barkston Heath, a training airfield; and minor bases such asRAF Donna Nook andRAF Digby.
Lincolnshire is also home to two active RAF and NATO-allied air weapons trainingbombing ranges, located alongThe Wash and north Lincolnshire coastline—RAF Holbeach active since 1926 (originally part of the formerRAF Sutton Bridge station) andDonna Nook. TheRAF Wainfleet range was decommissioned in 2010.
^"At Grimsby: The County Borough Celebrations".Hull Daily Mail. 8 April 1891. p. 4.From now until the end of the week Grimsby will been fête, celebrating its constitution as a county borough.
^John Marais; Eddie Holmes; David Woolverton; Rob Betts (December 2004),"Lincolnshire"(PDF),Regional Gross Value Added, Office for National Statistics, pp. 240–253, archived fromthe original(PDF) on 3 March 2005
^"Mobile Libraries". Lincolnshire County Council. Archived fromthe original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved22 November 2013.Wherever you live in Lincolnshire, whether in the countryside of the Wolds or Fens, the Coastal area or even on the edge of a town, a Mobile Library will stop nearby.
^Tudor Church Music, ed. Buck, P. C., Fellowes, E. H., Ramsbotham, A., Terry, R. R. and Warner, S. T., 10 vols. Oxford University Press, 1923–1929 I: John Taverner, c. 1495–1545
^Williams, Phil (16 December 2011)."A History of the Lincoln Imp". Lincoln Cathedral. Archived fromthe original on 28 May 2012. Retrieved7 July 2013.Lincoln's imp is a well known emblem of the Cathedral and the city, to the extent it has been adopted as the symbol of Lincoln
^ITV 1968 – A Guide to Independent Television, Independent Television Authority, London, 1967, page 175
Foster, C. W.; Longley, Thomas, eds. (1924).The Lincolnshire Domesday and Lindsey Survey. Annual works of the society. Vol. 19. Horncastle: Lincoln Record Society.
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