 | This articleshould specify the language of its non-English content using{{lang}} or{{langx}},{{transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and{{IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriateISO 639 code. Wikipedia'smultilingual support templates may also be used - notably xcn for Cotoname.See why.(October 2024) |
| Cotoname | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Mexico,United States |
| Region | lowerRio Grande |
| Ethnicity | Cotoname |
| Extinct | c. 1900 |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | xcn |
xcn | |
| Glottolog | coto1248 |
 Map indicating where Cotoname was spoken | |
Cotoname[2] is an Indigenous language of Mexico and the American state of Texas formerly spoken byNative Americansindigenous to the lowerRio Grande Valley of northeasternMexico and extreme southernTexas (United States). Today it isextinct, and is proposed to be a component of aPakawan language family. Today, it is considered a language isolate.[3]
All known primary witnesses to the Cotoname language were published in 2024.[4]
The following vocabulary list of Cotoname is fromJohn Swanton (1940).[5]
| gloss | Cotoname |
|---|---|
| air | gurám |
| arm, right | katówan |
| arrow | ká-u |
| bad | kĕnáx,sá |
| bed | kắm |
| belly | kóx, kuwéle |
| below | éta |
| bird | komióm |
| bison | wiyá-u |
| black | baí (cf. night) |
| blade | ĕhiá-u |
| blanket, American | häwáss (cf. cold) |
| blood | sä'x |
| blow, to | pó-une |
| bow | kémma |
| boy | kuwósam |
| breast (female) | kĕnám |
| breechclout | xaguátema |
| buffalo | wiyá-u |
| cactus-fig | wámena |
| cane | ká-u |
| chair, a | náxe |
| chief | kapitán |
| cloth (a small piece of cloth) | huáxhe |
| cold | häwéss |
| come here! | sánxe |
| Comecrudo | Aranguá, xaíma |
| cow | wiyá-u |
| crane | karakór |
| cry, to | páma |
| dance, to | okáwe |
| day | ō' |
| daybreak | káma |
| deer | kĕmás |
| die, to | wátĕxo |
| dog | kowá-u |
| drink, to | xuáxe |
| dust | pó-una |
| earth | pén |
| east | otá-ume |
| eat, to | haháme |
| evening | ovx |
| eye | arókwan |
| face | makuát |
| far | huánpa |
| feathers | kuwai |
| female | nan |
| fire | mánĕx |
| flesh | kĕmás |
| fog | máyen |
| food | haháme |
| foot | ayésim |
| fox | kissá |
| girl | kuwósam |
| go over there! | awóyo! |
| goat | kápĕra |
| good | kĕnáx |
| goose | krák |
| grass | suá-u |
| great | katám |
| gun | komióp |
| guts | kuwéle |
| hair | makuát |
| handkerchief | huáxhe |
| hare | gamáro |
| hat | garópa |
| head | makuát |
| high | katám |
| hog | esmók |
| horn | yómo |
| horse | kokátere |
| Indian, an | xaíma |
| infant | huwáxe |
| iron | komióp |
| Karankawa | Aranguá |
| kill, to | wátxuka |
| knife | komiópo |
| knife (for cutting leather) | ĕhiá-u |
| land | pén |
| let us go! | awóyo |
| little | kuwósam |
| low (said of water) | xuắxe |
| maize | tawaló |
| maize-husk | wapxáp |
| male quadruped | yómo |
| man | xuaináxe |
| masticate, to | akwanámie |
| meat | kemás |
| mesquite-bush | dán |
| metate | komoí |
| milk | kĕnám |
| mouse | tsĕmáx |
| mud | pén |
| night | baí |
| no | sá |
| north | hayámta |
| nose | yá-ĕx |
| ox (young) | wiyá-u |
| painted (on body, face, etc.) | tháwĕ |
| peccary | kápio |
| Pintos (Indian tribe so called) | tháwĕ |
| pipe | pá-una |
| rabbit | kiáxhem |
| rat | tsĕmáx |
| red | msá-ĕ |
| reed | ká-u |
| rifle | komióp |
| Rio Grande river | áx̣, katám |
| river | áx̣, katám |
| run, to | mtára |
| salt | dá-än |
| scratch, to | átsiu |
| seat, a | náxe |
| sheep | séwuya |
| sing, to | koyáma |
| sit, to | páwe |
| sit down! | páwe |
| sleep, to | mátsĕkuka |
| small | kuwósam |
| smoke, to | pá-una, suá-u |
| snake | kiá-uxa |
| sombrero | garópa |
| south | séta |
| stand, to | páwia |
| star | kápra |
| stick | dópax |
| suck, to | huä'xle |
| sun | ō' |
| sweet | yáx |
| sweetmeats | yáx |
| tail (of animal) | ásuxuga |
| Tampacuás Indian | xaíma |
| tobacco | suá-u |
| tortilla | kamaplaí |
| tortoise | gapáx |
| tree | dópax |
| tuna | wámĕna |
| up the country | wéfta |
| velduque | ĕhiá-u |
| west | wéfta |
| what do you want? | titcháx mén? |
| water | áx̣ |
| weep, to | xákue |
| west | wéfta |
| white | mesó-i |
| wind | gurám |
| wings | miápa |
| within | kuwéle |
| wolf | kombóx |
| woman | katám |
