Cossack songs are folk songs which were created byCossacks.
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Cossack songs emerged in the 16-17th centuries amongZaporozhian andRegistered Cossacks. Many of them have historical importance, mentioning the names and deeds of famous Ukrainian Cossack leaders such asDmytro Vyshnevetsky (Baida),Bohdan Khmelnytsky,Petro Doroshenko,Ivan Sirko,Ivan Mazepa,Pavlo Polubotok,Danylo Nechai,Semen Paliy and others. Some Cossack songs have been adopted as patriotic anthems, for exampleOi u luzi chervona kalyna.
Characteristic topics of Ukrainian Cossack songs include heroism in battle, military routine and dangers met by Cossacks during their campaigns, sorrows of separation with relatives and loved ones, uncertainty of fate, imprisonment and escape, homesickness and death in foreign land. A special place in those songs is taken byhorse - the main companion of a Cossack in battle and during marches.
In terms of musical typology, Ukrainian Cossack songs can be divided into following types:marches, sometimes containing elements ofheterophony andkant singing; lyrical songs similar tochants;polyphonic songs ofDnieper Ukraine; lyrical solo compositions. With the flow of time, many Ukrainian Cossack songs were adopted aschumak,haidamak,recruit and soldiers' songs.[1]
During the early 20th century Ukrainian Cossack songs were studied by musicologist Dmytro Revutsky, who in 1927 published two collections with treatments of folk compositions byMykola Lysenko,Alexander Serov,Yakiv Stepovy andLevko Revutsky. However, after the abolition ofUkrainization policies in theSoviet Union, in 1932 studies in this direction were limited.[2]
The first transcribed complex of Cossack songs was published in 1997 bybandura player Victor Kyrylenko. In the early 2000s, expeditions into the Dnipropetrovsk region to transcribe more of these folk songs were conducted byDnipropetrovsk National University staff.[3]
| Cossack’s songs of Dnipropetrovsk Region | |
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| Country | Ukraine |
| Reference | 01194 |
| Region | Europe and North America |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 2016 (11th session) |
| List | Need of Urgent Safeguarding |
Cossack's songs of Dnipropetrovsk Region (Ukrainian:Козацькі пісні Дніпропетровщини), which areZaporozhian Cossack songs ofDnipropetrovsk Oblast, are listed as anintangible cultural heritage in need of urgent safeguarding.[5][6][7] Work on the nomination dossier for the inscription of Cossack songs in theUNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List began in 2014. On 28 November 2016, the Committee for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage List included Cossack's songs of the Dnipropetrovsk region on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding. According to the committee, these works, sung by Cossack communities in the region, talk about the tragedy of war and the personal experiences of soldiers. The lyrics maintain spiritual ties with the past, but are also entertaining. Cossack songs traditionally involve male singing.[8] Cossack songs are nowadays often performed by women, but rarely in mixed groups. UNESCO's list mentions the choral groups Krynytsia, Bohuslavochka, and Pershotsvit.[9][10] The settlements of Kocherezhky, Bohuslav,Pidhorodnie, Shulhivka, and Sorochyn retain the tradition.[5][11]
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