Only scientific name to be used (from a particular scientific point of view)
In botany, thecorrect name according to theInternational Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) is the one and onlybotanical name that is to be used for a particulartaxon, when that taxon has a particularcircumscription, position andrank.[1] Determining whether a name is correct is a complex procedure.[2] The name must bevalidly published, a process which is defined in no less than 16 Articles of the ICN.[3] It must also be "legitimate", which imposes some further requirements.[4] If there are two or more legitimate names for the same taxon (with the same circumscription, position and rank), then the correct name is the one which haspriority, i.e. it was published earliest,[5] although names may beconserved if they have been very widely used. Validly published names other than the correct name are calledsynonyms.[6] Since taxonomists may disagree as to the circumscription, position or rank of a taxon, there can be more than one correct name for a particular plant. These may also be called synonyms.
The correct name has only one correct spelling, which will generally be the original spelling (although certain limited corrections are allowed). Other spellings are calledorthographical variants.[7]
Linnaeus'Adenanthera falcataria has many other names
Different taxonomic placements may well lead to different correct names. For example, the earliest name for the fastest growing tree in the world isAdenanthera falcatariaL. The "L." stands for "Linnaeus" who first validly published the name.Adenanthera falcataria is thus one of the correct names for this plant. There are other correct names, based on different taxonomic treatments.
It can be placed in the genusAlbizia, as Fosberg first did. When placed in this genus, the first choice of correct name is the new genus name followed by the earlier species epithet, givingAlbizia falcataria.[9] This name cannot be used if there is already a species in the genus with this epithet, so that an illegitimate duplicate would be created.[10] As this is not the case, the correct name for the plant in this genus isAlbizia falcataria (L.) Fosberg. "Fosberg" is the authority for the transfer to the new genus; "L(innaeus)" the authority for the 'base name' (basionym) from which the new name is derived.
It can also be placed in the genusParaserianthes. Its correct name in that position isParaserianthes falcataria (L.) I.C.Nielsen.
Within the genusParaserianthes, it is placed in sectionFalcataria. If the section is raised in rank to become the genusFalcataria, the correct name cannot beFalcataria falcataria, as might be expected, since under the botanical code (but not the zoological code) names with the same word as both the genus and the specific epithet (tautonyms) are forbidden.[11] An alternative basionym must be sought or a new name created. The correct name isFalcataria falcata (L.) Greuter & R.Rankin.[12]
The four namesAdenanthera falcataria,Albizia falcataria,Paraserianthes falcataria andFalcataria falcata can each be correct given different taxonomic opinions that put the plant in each of these four genera. Which is the 'right' genus is a problem for taxonomy, not nomenclature. Thus this tree species will have a different correct botanical name for different people. Different taxonomists may publish revisions or monographs picking a differentaccepted name dependent on their owncircumscription of this taxon, for which the other correct names become(homotypic) synonyms; note however that there is only one correct name for a given circumscription.[13]
TheProkaryotic Code inherits many concepts, including that of a "correct name", from the ICN. As with the botanical concept, different taxonomists may have different concepts of a genus, leading to different "correct names". TheList of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) tries to be consistent with its approach to selecting correct names. The LPSN notes that although later combinations tend to be based on better phylogenomic data, just taking "the last valid combination" is not sufficient because of possible inconsistencies in concepts.[14]
^Turland, N. (2013).The Code Decoded: A user's guide to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. Vol. Regnum Vegetabile Volume 155. Koeltz Scientific Books.ISBN978-3-87429-433-1.
^Turland, Nicholas (2019).The Code Decoded. A user’s guide to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar: Pensoft Publishers.ISBN978-954-642-964-3.
