Coronado, California | |
|---|---|
 Hotel del Coronado in December 2008 | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Nickname: "The Crown City" | |
 Location of Coronado in San Diego County, California | |
  Coronado Location in the United States Show map of San Diego County, California Coronado Coronado (California) Show map of California Coronado Coronado (the United States) Show map of the United States | |
| Coordinates:32°40′41″N117°10′21″W / 32.67806°N 117.17250°W /32.67806; -117.17250 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  California |
| County | San Diego |
| Incorporated | December 11, 1890[1] |
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor-council |
| • Mayor | John Duncan |
| Area | |
• Total | 32.50 sq mi (84.17 km2) |
| • Land | 7.81 sq mi (20.22 km2) |
| • Water | 24.70 sq mi (63.96 km2) 75.72% |
| Elevation | 16 ft (5 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 20,192 |
| • Density | 2,586.9/sq mi (998.82/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
| ZIP codes | 92118, 92178 |
| Area code | 619 |
| FIPS code | 06-16378 |
| GNIS feature IDs | 1660513,2410233 |
| Website | www |
Coronado (Spanish for "Crowned") is aresort city inSan Diego County, California, United States, acrossSan Diego Bay fromdowntown San Diego.[4] It was founded in the 1880s and incorporated in 1890. Its population was 20,192 in 2020.[5]
Coronado is atied island which is connected to the mainland by atombolo (a sandyisthmus) calledSilver Strand. Along the coast of Southern California lie four islands that were spotted bySebastian Vizcaino and his crew. They named them "Los Coronados". In the mid-1880s, businessmen bought the peninsula near Los Coronados with hopes to turn it into a resort. Later in 1886, the owners of this peninsula hosted a naming contest with the people resulting in the name "Miramar" winning, which was soon overturned due to the public not being satisfied with the name, so they borrowed from their cousin islands "Los Coronados" and named it "Coronado".[6] Coronado is theSpanish term for "crowned" and thus it is nicknamedThe Crown City. Its name is derived from theCoronado Islands, an offshore Mexican archipelago.[7]
Prior to European settlement, Coronado was inhabited by theKumeyaay, who sustained fishing villages on the peninsula in North Island and on the Coronado Cays. As American settlers moved into the area, the Kumeyaay were pushed out of Coronado, with the last six Kumeyaay families deported toMesa Grande Reservation in 1902.[8]
Coronado wasincorporated as a town on December 11, 1890. The community's first post office predates Coronado's incorporation, established on February 8, 1887, with Norbert Moser assigned as the firstpostmaster.[7] The land was purchased by Elisha Spurr Babcock, Hampton L. Story, and Jacob Gruendike. Their intention was to create a resort community, and in 1886, the Coronado Beach Company was organized. By 1888, they had builtHotel del Coronado, and the city became a major resort destination. They also built a schoolhouse and formed athletic, boating, and baseball clubs.
In 1900, a tourist/vacation area just south of Hotel del Coronado was established byJohn D. Spreckels and named Tent City. Spreckels also became the hotel's owner.[9] Over the years, the tents gave way to cottages, the last of which was torn down in late 1940 or early 1941.
In the 1910s, Coronado had streetcars running on Orange Avenue. These streetcars became a fixture of the city until their retirement in 1939.[10]
What is now theNaval Air Station North Island was the first US flying school, founded in 1911 byGlenn Curtiss. Curtiss was known for hisengines, which set records in distance and speed. He started with motorcycle engines, which led him to aviation. Coronado's weather and protected bay were attractive and he gained a three-year lease to train military pilots.[11] During this time he created a new type of ship-launched seaplane and an amphibious aircraft.[12]
On New Year's Day 1937, during theGreat Depression, the gambling shipSSMonte Carlo, known for "drinks, dice, and dolls", was shipwrecked on the beach about a quarter mile (400 m) south ofHotel del Coronado.[13]
In 1946, an African-American man from Coronado named Alton Collier was forced off of a San Diego and Coronado ferry by white sailors. The case was ruled a suicide until 2024, when theEqual Justice Initiative declared alynching.[14][15]
In 1969, theSan Diego–Coronado Bridge was opened, allowing much faster transit between the cities than bayferries or driving viaState Route 75 along the Silver Strand. The bridge is made up of five lanes, one of which is controlled by a moveable barrier that allows for better traffic flow during rush hours. In the morning, the lane is moved to create three lanes going southbound towards Coronado, and in the evening it is moved again to create three lanes going northbound towards downtown San Diego.[16]
In 2007, the Coronado Police Department and the city was sued in civil courts after a Coronado police officer in civilian clothes shot multiple times the professional football playerSteve Foley.
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 32.7 square miles (85 km2); 7.9 square miles (20.5 km2) of the city is land and 24.7 square miles (64 km2) of it (75.72%) is water.
Geographically, Coronado is atied island connected to the mainland by atombolo known as the Silver Strand. The Silver Strand, Coronado and North Island, form San Diego Bay. Since recorded history, Coronado was mostly separated from North Island by a shallow inlet of water called the Spanish Bight. The development of North Island by theUnited States Navy prior to and during World War II led to the filling of thebight by July 1944, combining the land areas into a single body.[17] The Navy still operatesNaval Air Station North Island (NASNI or "North Island") on Coronado. On the southern side of the town isNaval Amphibious Base Coronado, a training center forNavy SEALs andSpecial warfare combatant-craft crewmen (SWCC). Both facilities are part of the largerNaval Base Coronado complex. Coronado has increased in size due to dredge material being dumped on its shoreline and through the natural accumulation of sand. The "Country Club" area on the northwest side of Coronado, the "Glorietta" area and golf course on the southeast side of Coronado, most of the Naval Amphibious Base Coronado, most of the Strand Naval Housing, and most of the Coronado Cays (all on the south side of Coronado) were built on dirt dredged from San Diego Bay.
According to theKöppen climate classification system, Coronado has asemi-arid climate, abbreviatedBSk on climate maps.[18]
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1860 | 276 | — | |
| 1870 | 229 | −17.0% | |
| 1900 | 935 | — | |
| 1910 | 1,477 | 58.0% | |
| 1920 | 3,289 | 122.7% | |
| 1930 | 5,425 | 64.9% | |
| 1940 | 6,932 | 27.8% | |
| 1950 | 12,700 | 83.2% | |
| 1960 | 18,039 | 42.0% | |
| 1970 | 20,020 | 11.0% | |
| 1980 | 18,790 | −6.1% | |
| 1990 | 26,540 | 41.2% | |
| 2000 | 24,100 | −9.2% | |
| 2010 | 24,697 | 2.5% | |
| 2020 | 20,192 | −18.2% | |
| 2024 (est.) | 18,031 | −10.7% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[19] 1860–1870[20][21] 1880–1890[22] 1900[23] 1910[24] 1920[25] 1930[26] 1940[27] 1950[28] 1960[29][30] 1970[31] 1980[32] 1990[33]2000[34] 2010[35] | |||
| Race / Ethnicity(NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000[36] | Pop 2010[37] | Pop 2020[38] | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 18,937 | 15,016 | 14,275 | 78.58% | 79.40% | 70.70% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 1,213 | 370 | 607 | 5.03% | 1.96% | 3.01% |
| Native American orAlaska Native alone (NH) | 125 | 75 | 53 | 0.52% | 0.40% | 0.26% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 875 | 547 | 613 | 3.63% | 2.89% | 3.04% |
| Native Hawaiian orPacific Islander alone (NH) | 68 | 51 | 41 | 0.28% | 0.27% | 0.20% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 43 | 28 | 113 | 0.18% | 0.15% | 0.56% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 470 | 523 | 1,084 | 1.95% | 2.77% | 5.37% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 2,369 | 2,302 | 3,406 | 9.83% | 12.17% | 16.87% |
| Total | 24,100 | 18,912 | 20,192 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
The2020 United States census reported that Coronado had a population of 20,192. The population density was 2,587.1 inhabitants per square mile (998.9/km2). The racial makeup of Coronado was 75.8%White, 3.3%African American, 0.5%Native American, 3.1%Asian, 0.2%Pacific Islander, 4.4% fromother races, and 12.6% from two or more races.Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.9% of the population.[39]
The census reported that 86.5% of the population lived in households, 13.1% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0.5% were institutionalized.[39]
There were 7,384 households, out of which 28.7% included children under the age of 18, 55.2% were married-couple households, 3.5% werecohabiting couple households, 27.0% had a female householder with no partner present, and 14.3% had a male householder with no partner present. 28.0% of households were one person, and 14.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.36.[39] There were 4,931families (66.8% of all households).[40]
The age distribution was 18.3% under the age of 18, 17.2% aged 18 to 24, 20.7% aged 25 to 44, 22.7% aged 45 to 64, and 21.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.3 males.[39]
There were 9,573 housing units at an average density of 1,226.5 units per square mile (473.6 units/km2), of which 7,384 (77.1%) were occupied. Of these, 50.3% were owner-occupied, and 49.7% were occupied by renters.[39]
In 2023, 66.2% of those aged 25 and over had a bachelor's degree or higher.[41] According to a 2023 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $135,056, and the median income for a family was $161,300. Theper capita income was $79,771.[42]
Real estate in the city of Coronado is very expensive. According to a recent county-wide ZIP code chart published inThe San Diego Union-Tribune in August 2006, the median cost of a single-family home within the city's ZIP code of 92118 was $1,605,000. In 2010, Forbes.com found that the median home price in Coronado had risen to $1,840,665.[43]
By 2023, the median home value was $2.2 million, with more than a quarter of households earning more than $200,000.[44]
Coronado is governed by a city council, which is presided over by a directly elected mayor. The mayor and councilmembers serve four-year terms. Council designates one of its members as Mayor Pro Tempore.[45]
Coronado has long been aRepublican stronghold; in 2013, about 47% of voters were registered Republican, 25%Democratic, and 24% nonpartisan.[46]
Prior to 2020, the resort city had voted for the Republican nominee in each presidential election since at least 1964. From 1968 to 1988, each Republican presidential candidate received over 70% of the vote. However the city has been trending Democratic in recent years, with each of the last four Republican presidential candidates receiving less than 60% of the vote. In 2016,Donald Trump won Coronado with a plurality of the vote, andHillary Clinton received the largest share of the vote for a Democratic candidate since at least 1960.[47] In 2020, Democratic nominee and former vice presidentJoe Biden won Coronado with 51.50% of the vote, becoming the first Democratic presidential nominee to carry the city in decades. This result was nevertheless significantly lower than his statewide vote share of 63.48%.
In theCalifornia State Legislature, Coronado is inthe 39th senatorial district, represented byDemocrat Akilah Weber, and inthe 77th Assembly district, represented byDemocrat Tasha Boerner.[48] In theUnited States House of Representatives, Coronado is located inCalifornia's 50th congressional district, which has aCook partisan voting index of D+14[49]and is represented byDemocrat Scott Peters.[50]
After California state law mandated that localities zone for affordable housing across the state, Coronado refused to comply with the law.[44] Coronado mayor Richard Bailey described the housing development as "central planning at its worst" and refused to submit a housing plan that allows for construction of the required amount of homes.[44]
| Year | Democratic | Republican | Third Parties |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020[51] | 51.50%5,308 | 44.39%4,575 | 4.11%424 |
| 2016[47] | 45.90%4,024 | 48.06%4,213 | 6.05%530 |
| 2012[52] | 39.04%3,455 | 59.10%5,230 | 1.85%164 |
| 2008[53] | 41.73%3,855 | 56.94%5,260 | 1.33%123 |
| 2004[54] | 36.26%3,326 | 62.93%5,773 | 0.81%74 |
| 2000[55] | 32.39%2,823 | 63.74%5,556 | 3.87%337 |
| 1996[56] | 31.16%2,654 | 61.02%5,197 | 7.82%666 |
| 1992[57] | 26.99%2,517 | 46.22%4,310 | 26.78%2,497 |
| 1988[58] | 27.21%2,413 | 71.71%6,360 | 1.08%96 |
| 1984[59] | 21.86%1,781 | 77.05%6,278 | 1.09%89 |
| 1980[60] | 18.09%1,468 | 71.47%5,799 | 10.44%847 |
| 1976[61] | 27.87%1,941 | 70.31%4,897 | 1.82%127 |
| 1972[62] | 23.50%1,390 | 73.34%4,338 | 3.16%187 |
| 1968[63] | 24.27%1,162 | 70.41%3,371 | 5.33%255 |
| 1964[64] | 36.86%1,725 | 63.14%2,955 |
Tourism is an essential component of Coronado's economy.[65] This city is home to three major resorts (Hotel del Coronado, Coronado Island Marriott, and Loews Coronado Bay Resort), as well as several other hotels and inns.[66] The downtown district along Orange Avenue, with its many shops, restaurants and theaters, is also a key part of the local economy. Many of the restaurants are highly rated and provide a wide variety of cuisine choices.[66]
Golf on Coronado started in 1897 with a nine-hole golf course hosting the 1905 Southern California Open.[67] Later, golf on Coronado migrated to a new site in the Southern portion of the island with 18 holes designed by Jack Daray Sr.[68] Golf is a popular diversion on the island, entertaining 90,000 golf rounds annually.[69]
In 2008, theTravel Channel rated Coronado Beach as the sixth-best beach in America.[70]
Hotel del Coronado, built in 1888, has been designated as aNational Historic Landmark. Its guests have included American presidentsGeorge H. W. Bush,Jimmy Carter,Bill Clinton,Gerald Ford,Lyndon B. Johnson,Richard Nixon,Ronald Reagan,Franklin D. Roosevelt, andWilliam Howard Taft, as well asMuhammad Ali,Jack Dempsey,Thomas Edison,Magic Johnson,Charles Lindbergh,Willie Mays,Babe Ruth,Oprah Winfrey, andRobert Downey. ActressesMary Pickford andMarilyn Monroe also stayed here.
"The Del" has appeared in numerous works of popular culture and was said to have inspired theEmerald City inThe Wonderful Wizard of Oz. It is rumored that the city's main street, Orange Avenue, was Baum's inspiration for the yellow brick road. Other sources say Oz was inspired by the "White City" of theChicago World's Fair of 1893.[71][72] AuthorL. Frank Baum would have been able to see the hotel from his front porch overlooking Star Park. Baum designed the crown chandeliers in the hotel's dining room.[73]
Once owned locally,[74] Hotel Del Coronado is now owned byBlackstone (60%), Strategic Hotels & Resorts Inc. (34.5%), and KSL Resorts (5.5%). When Strategic Hotels & Resorts Inc. bought its stake in 2006, the hotel was valued at $745 million; as of 2011, the hotel was valued at roughly $590 million.[75][76]
Scenes fromDenzel Washington's filmAntwone Fisher were shot in Coronado.[77] Parts ofBrian De Palma's filmScarface andRon Howard's filmSplash were shot at Coronado Beach.[78] A film calledCarbon featuringWhitney Wegman-Wood andRandy Davison was shot in Coronado near the restaurant Nado Republic.[79]
Coronado Unified School District includes Coronado Middle School (CMS),Coronado High School, Silver Strand Elementary, and Village Elementary.Coronado School of the Arts, a public school-within-a-school, is located on the campus of Coronado High School. Among the city's private schools are Sacred Heart Parish School and Christ Church Day School.
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According to the city's 2012 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[80] the top 10 employers in the city are:
| # | Employer | # of Employees |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States Navy (Naval Air Station North Island,et al.) | 11,000–14,999 |
| 2 | Hotel del Coronado | 1,000–4,999 |
| 3 | Loews Coronado Bay Resort | 500–999 |
| 4 | Sharp Coronado Hospital | 500–999 |
| 5 | City of Coronado | 250–499 |
| 6 | Coronado Unified School District | 250–600 |
| 7 | Coronado Island Marriott Resort | 250–499 |
| 8 | BAE Systems | 100–249 |
| 9 | Peohe's | 100–249 |
| 10 | Realty Executives Dillon | 50–99 |
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